Currently world economy He experiences a complex process - globalization. Its result has already become huge transformations. They touched almost all industries national economies Most countries. In this case, undergoing changes are carried in many cases spontaneous, difficultly predicted in advance. It sometimes has a negative impact on the whole separate country, ultimately bringing irrelevant losses. In this regard, before scientists of many states, the task of studying the internal processes of universal globalization was raised, which directly depend on the development of each subject of the world market.
Globalization process
Modern universal movement cannot be followed into the framework of previously theoretical schemes based on the already occurred historical events. At the heart of the system used to this system, the theory of unlimited time and the space of development of mankind. Globalization and its main laws clearly showed the fallacy of this statement: the sustainable development and operation of the global economy is limited by the final resources and the processes of human life. As a result, a new concept of global development appeared, consisting of a variety of strategies, with limiting conditions aimed at solving global problems. The fight against poverty and the achievement of universal welfare of the world's population is one of the most important tasks of globalization, which can only be achieved if the income of the population and increase overall labor productivity in each individual state. At the same time, in the process of achieving the goals set, a huge role is played by the overall set of all external and internal factors, such as the state of the environment and relationship in human society. Only as proper interaction People in society and society with the environment will be a significant increase in overall development parameters in quantitative and qualitative indicators.
Russia in the modern economic system
With the collapse of the USSR and the transition to market relations, the Russian economy experienced a huge shock, from which he finally recovered so far. To date, it is faced with the task of choosing a strategy for a long-term period of time, depending on which its further place in the world will be determined. It is very important to give the correct assessment to all the possibilities of the country and determine the initial position with which the start will be given. At the same time, the role and place of Russia, from the point of view of the sustainability of its economy, which in turn should strive to minimize costs based on irrelevance of some natural resources and replacing them restored or less rare. An important factor In this case, the preservation of the environment is unchanged. IN modern conditionswhen in most industries production equipment It has long been morally outdated, the general change in the domestic economy is possible only with the introduction of innovative technologies. The use of new methods and schemes will improve high-quality and quantitative indicators of products. This ultimate will lead to an increase in the competitive ability of the state. This condition - One of the principles that determine the sustainable development of the regions of Russia in the process of global globalization. Therefore, all the changes that happen need a constant thorough study, on the basis of which their further adjustment will be made. Of great importance in this matter is the social fund for the development of the regions. In addition to the tasks of improving the economic activity of the territories, the activity of the association is aimed at maintaining the proper level of public security of citizens. Social Fund The development of regions is among the questions of paramount importance, the uniform distribution of the power and care of the state for all territories of the country.
Globalization in modern literature
Contemporary economic theory Dedicated a huge number of works. However, in the scientific world so far there is no clear concept of globalization, each of the authors dealing with this subject introduces something to their own, investing its own understanding of this process. At the same time, most scientists allocate several systems included in the globalization process. These include the financial sphere, the production system and the information technology market. The researchers also recognize the impact provided by the globalization process on the whole. So, the borders are erased due to computerization of society financial markets, it becomes easier to move capital, economic separation States becomes conditional.
Problems of globalization
To characterize the process of globalization more fully, it is necessary to study all forms in which it manifests itself. For this purpose, at the first stage, it is necessary to classify universal problems, that is, to distribute specific problems on individual groups, of which the complex system will continue - the program for the development of the region. With this approach, the challenge is easier to solve the problem on theoretical understanding and finding ways to solve. At the same time, the division of problems in groups is not the ultimate goal. This is just one of the most important parts in an integrated approach to solving problems. This method allows you to identify the relevance of tasks, allocate basic connections, set ways to interact and identify global issues, the study of which should occur in the first place. In addition, classifying problems and, taking into account mutual influence, a total sequence of practical actions is formed to solve the tasks. Correctly conducted classification breaks the overall problem to the steps, as a result of which the studies of each stage become more detailed and correct. So more clearly become visible factors for the development of the region.
Modern literature also does not give an unequivocal recommendation for structuring the overall set of problems in groups. There are many different techniques describing this process. As a result, the classification of any problem to some particular group is quite conditional. In this regard, this method of breaking into groups is not considered as the only true, but as one of the few, on the results of which it is worth paying close attention. It helps better understand the nature of the emergence of global problems and establish their internal relationships with each other. This need to break in common to the subgroup is primarily due to the limited human capabilities, due to which people are not able to immediately cope with the whole universal task.
Subjects of the economic system
Sustainable primarily characterized by the relationship between production and capital. At the same time, the peculiarity of the management is to expand every year of its influence on all new and new subjects. In this regard, it is observed permanent growth trade relationships between market entities in commodity and services. The structure of the region's economy includes several aspects. To them, in particular, include:
Strengthening the interaction between market entities, a significantly advanced increase in production;
Creation of international corporations;
Constant capital migration from the economy of one subject to the economy of another with currency conversion;
Redistribution of commodity and financial flows between participants market relations.
Unified Economic world System has a direct impact on the number of groups within one region, each of which has its own impact on world GDP. Ultimately, most of the world trade falls on the provision of services and the exchange of products (raw materials) between the industries. A visual example of this is the links between particularly developed market entities, which account for over 60% of the entire world turnover. At the same time, the population of these subjects is less than 20% of the total population of the Earth. A bright representative is an EU, in which up to 70% of the total turnover accounts for trade between the participants of the Union.
Corporations and credit organizations
The main direction modern economy is the overall globalization of capital. Under these conditions, each state participating in the global economic system has to work with transnational corporations acting in most cases as equal partners. In this case, the enterprise is able to have a significant impact on world economy as a whole. In this regard, national governments at the highest level are forced to conclude various economic agreements with them. In the current situation, a powerful impetus to development received capital. The need to create special trading platforms on which banks lenders located in one country and working in the money of this country can issue loans or deposits not in national currency. At the same time, such operations are no longer within the framework of national legislation. The following situation arises in the lending market: not limited national laws, such markets are acquired by an unregulated level interest rates. This ultimately led to a significant increase in the world economy's credit resources and significantly simplified access to them from the end user. This, in turn, had a significant impact on social development.
Innovative development of the region
In our country, as mentioned above, the main priority of improving economic activity is the introduction of new developments in all areas of population activity. However, this cannot be achieved by direct indication from above. In this regard, one of the main roles in solving this problem is allocated to local authorities, which in turn should arrange appropriate priorities in their direct activities. At the first stage, the strategy for the development of the region includes the creation of favorable conditions on the territories controlled by him for the development of production and business activities, ensuring comfortable conditions for investing. It is important to respond in a timely manner to the universal changes. It is also necessary to regularly edit the tasks assigned to the sustainable development of the region, the paths and methods of their achievement. Not the last role in the process is played by natural features of the territory. They are taken into account by researchers evaluating the prospects for the development of Russia. For better use of the potential of the territory, the state is attracted to the process, legislative acts are established at the state line. Participation in this case is carried out by attracting own capital and human resources in the most interesting projects from an economic point of view. When considering the prospects for the development of Russia, it is important to find ways to maintain high-tech and high-tech production. The solution of these issues is considered one of the primary in modern world. Only due to the integrated approach to the management of the state and local authorities, the qualitative and competitive economic development of Russia is possible. At the same time, the introduction of new advanced approaches to both the already functioning industries and new implemented on the territory of the subject is required. In most cases, it is from the ability to quickly implement modern technologies The competitiveness and sustainable development of the region depends.
Combining market participants within the subject
On the first roles, when achieving a technological jump in each individual market subject, the ability to combine and teamwork of all organizations located in the region of organizations and enterprises. Only in the case of a connection to one technological process All industries are possible to create a qualitative competitive product. At the same time, such an association should be legally recognized by regional (state) authorities. One of the types of this recognition is the Foundation for the Development of Regions, approved at the state level. It includes the interests of all participants: authorities, financial organizations, industrial enterprises and other participants in the subject market. In this case, the effectiveness of final production will be directly dependent on the competitiveness of products on a high-tech trading platform, whose participants will not be separate enterprises, but entire scientific complexes and associations. For the development and implementation of new products, in this case, all conditions will be created: financial support and production base, which ultimately will lead to strengthening positions of a separate territory and improve the economic development of Russia as a whole. Participants in the association are related to each other, they take on a number of obligations, jointly coordinate their actions in the financial sector, in the field of investment marketing and a number of other economic fields. There is no no attention to the region. Participation in this Union is voluntary, the main task of each participant is to obtain maximum profits. The creation and functioning of such associations within the case of a business entity allows the region to painlessly move to the model involving the sustainable development of the region, based on innovations implemented in different kinds processes.
Market competition
Competition is one of the key concepts in describing market relations. Only in the conditions of free trade competition, the system can develop painlessly. Competition is a universal tool when determining the number of market participants, the volume of supply and prices for them. The main purpose of any enterprise is to obtain maximum profits. To do this, in the conditions of open competition, each individual manufacturer needs to surpass their rivals. In this case, the "competition" is a key element of the market mechanism, it provides the most favorable interaction in the consumer manufacturer, as well as in the process of using commercial capital. With competitive production, each entrepreneur takes care not only about the reduction of costs, but also on expanding and improving the quality of production. All this is aimed at improving product characteristics, reducing its price, and therefore obtaining advantages among other manufacturers. In this case, competition acts as a motivating element in economic progress. As a result, new technologies are being introduced, the range of goods and services is expanding, the price is reduced and the quality increases.
Competition functions
The main functions of competition are:
The orientation of each manufacturer for the needs of the end user (in the case when the company becomes non-competitive, its goods are not found the final buyer and the production of goods stops);
Natural selection among manufacturers (at the same time, an enterprise with more expensive or poor-quality products leaves the market);
Impact on the production and growth of its effectiveness;
Influence on the redistribution of baseline resources;
Regulation price level in the market of goods and services.
The time in the competitive struggle in each industrial industry plays the time for which the process of producing products occurs. It can be divided into four stages:
1. Entering new products. At this stage, small volumes of goods sold, relatively high price compared to the analogues (if any) are observed.
2. Stage of growth. There is an increase in production volumes due to increased demand, while the high level of prices is maintained.
3. Stage of maturity. The volume of production reaches its peak, subsequently the fall in demand due to the oversupply of goods on the market, as a result of the competition there is a fall in prices.
4. Stage of moral obsolescence. The demand for products reaches its minimum, the volume of release is reduced, the level of competition is striving for zero, more functional analogs appear on the market, the main part of the products is removed from production.
The global economy is in search of a new vector of development, taking into account the challenges of the XXI century (growth and aging of the population, climate change, exhaustion of non-renewable resources). The answer to these challenges was the introduction of the concept of sustainable development and the formation of the new industries of the Green Economy.
Sustainable development in the world
The topic of sustainable development appeared in program documents and legislation developed countries, international conventions and territorial planning documents for more than 20 years ago and became one of the main world trends in the development of cities. Technological breakthroughs of the last decades in the management of resources, in the information and communication sphere, in the creation of new materials laid the foundation for the sustainable development of cities. Sustainable development implies a balanced approach to economic growth, social progress while maintaining the quality of the environment. The concept of sustainable development is based on the desire to meet the needs of a person and ensure the growth of the well-being of the population, innovation and development of knowledge, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, as well as on the change in the consumption model as a whole.
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An important role in the implementation of the principles of sustainable development and the construction of the Green Economy in Russia can play the company's financial sector, implementing the practices of "responsible funding". In my opinion, good prospects in this area have initiatives of the introduction of "green certification", the release of "green bonds", as well as the creation of the Green Fund by analogy with the best practices in the BRICS countries. Alexander Bychkov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Agency "Es Ji Em" |
So, in countries Northern Europe focus is on the decision environmental problems, in Western Europe and the United States are actively developing projects aimed at improving the urban environment and efficient urban management; in developing countries (China, India, South-East Asian countries) paid great attention to the economic development of cities on the principles of a low carbon economy. In countries such as Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, projects are being implemented for the transfer of all buildings to the zero energy balance, in a number of European countries, it is planned to abandon the next 10-15 years from cars with gasoline engines (Norway, Netherlands) and from the production of non-renewable Energy sources (Denmark).
Note that in other EAEU countries there is already experience in long-term strategic planning in the field of sustainable development (hereinafter - "UR"). Thus, in Kazakhstan in 2013, the "Concept for the transition of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Green Economy" was adopted, calculated for the period up to 2050. The Republic of Belarus, together with the European Union in 2016, began implementing the development project of the Green Economy.
The first documents in the field of UR in Russia were adopted following the signing of the program documents at the summit of the Heads of State and the UN Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro (Read more about the implementation of Russia of international climate agreements in the article of this room "Forest or" Green technologies"?). In 1996, the President of the Russian Federation approved the concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development.
But Russia is still lagging behind in the process of implementing sustainable development principles from both leading developed countries and many developing countries. The long-term strategy of sustainable development in Russia is still absent, but over the past five years, individual principles of sustainable development are increasingly used in legislative Acts and government regulations were adopted regulations In many individual aspects of the UR. This is especially noticeable by the example of the latest initiatives of changes in legislation, in particular in the field of ecology.
Sustainable development of regions of Russia
Principles of sustainable development are taken into account when developing strategic and program documents in some cities and regions. At the same time, the declaration of sustainable development principles is often not recognized in the actual regional policy.
The achievement of the sustainable development of regions, as well as the country as a whole, is preventing strong level differentiation economic Development and the quality of territorial planning between various regions and municipalities within the regions. Thus, the results of the rating of the UR cities of Russia, annually compiled by the Agency "ES Ji Em", show that for most of the subjects of the Federation, a significant imbalance is characterized by the development of the largest city (usually a regional center) and other major cities. To build a rating, a PWC, McKinsey, Ey, Australian Conservation Foundation, Forum for The Future, EUROPEAN GREEN CAPITAL was used.
This trend is most noticeable in Lipetsk, Vladimir, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg regions, Udmurtia, the Altai Territory.
Positive examples of a relatively high degree of balance of the development of the largest cities on the territory demonstrate Kaluga, Saratov, Ulyanovskaya, Vologda, Tula region.
The Ministry of Economic Development of Russia is developing and implements an action plan to achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In 2009, the President of the Russian Federation approved the climatic doctrine of Russia. Statement Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving and Enhancing Energy Efficiency" in 2009 stimulated measures to improve energy policies. For certain aspects of sustainable development in Russia, regulations adopted that affect the issues of sustainable development in cities: Government program RF "Energy saving and an increase in energy efficiency for the period up to 2020", state program Russian Federation "Environmental Protection" for 2012-2020, the State Program of the Russian Federation "Promotion of Employment of the Population", amendments to the Law "On Production and Consumption Departments", the Strategy for the Development of Building Materials, which involves the desire for greater energy efficiency of production.
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If we are asked to build a "smart city", then first of all it is necessary to think about integrated intellectualization various systems: Energy, water supply and drainage, buildings and structures, transport, public services. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a serious amount of work in the field of field-level equipment tools to changes and data collection, the development of IT infrastructure and communication infrastructure, the introduction of intelligent software and technical complexes, the creation of centralized city management platforms. Maxim Ageev, Director of the Global Directorate for Energy and Sustainable Development Services Schneider Electric in Russia and the CIS |
Sustainable development at the municipal level
The principles of sustainable development at the local level are still being introduced only in separate Russian cities. The preservation of relatively high levels of economic development in cities occurs often to the detriment of the state of the environment and the quality of the urban environment. The position of cities in the UR rating is primarily determined by their economic development, the environmental factor, on the contrary, has a multidirectional influence: reduces the position of the leader cities and increases the position of cities - outsiders. Although there are examples of socially responsible large russian companies. An important role in promoting sustainable development in the cities of Russia is played by company-leaders with their major corporate projects.
The development of the overwhelming majority of large Russian cities today cannot be called balanced and sustainable. Analysis of the dynamics of the results of the rating of sustainable development of the cities of the Russian Federation over the past three years shows: the more balanced city from the point of view of economic, social and environmental progress, the more stable it develops during the economic "turbulence" or the economic recession.
The main obstacles to the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in Russian cities: the complexity of the perception of the topic of sustainable development, lack of experience and expertise and the low qualification of personnel in municipalities, short-term planning horizons. Thus, the Monogenic Development Fund allocates the training of municipal management teams as one of the three basic areas of activity to solve the problems of monogenic. The first program of learning management teams was implemented by the Skolkovo Business School for the Foundation in 2016.
Of particular importance for Russian cities currently, issues of sustainable development are currently representing, namely, the definition of a competent system of priorities and establish an effective interaction between various structural units of urban administrations.
The principles of effective management suggest that for successful management of cities requires to determine the qualitative and measurable performance indicators. Currently, in the Russian Federation there is no generally accepted indicator of the effectiveness of the development of cities in the field of sustainable development. A similar integrated and high-quality assessment instrument can be the above-mentioned rating of ur cities of Russia.
International Standards in Sustainable Development
In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization developed two new quality standards of municipal management: ISO 18091 and ISO 37120.
Standard ISO 18091: 2014 "Quality Management Systems. Guidelines for the use of ISO 9001: 2008 in local government "reflects the audience at administrative and management activities in the cities by the administration. In particular, it allows you to build a system of priorities, identify the problem areas, the tasks of the socio-economic development of cities. This standard uses 39 indicators and offers a system for evaluating the four main activities of the administration (institutions of management, economic and social spheres and maintain high environmental levels).
Analysis of the effectiveness of the Municipal Administration for the ISO 18091 standard makes it possible to identify the priority areas for the introduction of information technology solutions in various areas of the life of the city and develop " road maps»Implementing specific IT solutions, such as the creation of intelligent transport systems, security systems, tax and financial administration.
ISO 37120: 2014 Standard "Sustainable Development settlements - Indicators of the performance of urban services and quality of life »offers a universal system of indicators to assess the effectiveness and dynamics of the provision of municipal services and quality of life in the city, consisting of a hundred indicators (basic and auxiliary), covering 17 directions. Including the efficiency of energy, transportation systems, communications, drainage, water supply, collection and disposal of solid waste, etc. This standard provides high-quality tools to compare the sustainability of the development of various cities and evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of the city authorities by all stakeholders (federal and regional authorities, business, population).
The introduction of both standards allows to increase the transparency of the activities of the city authorities, the level of confidence in them by the population, to establish coordination and interaction between various divisions of urban administrations and ultimately contribute to the development of informed management decisions and improving the quality of life in cities.
Experience in international sports events and summits is stimulating cities leaders to the introduction of international standards in the field of sustainable development. So, the cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup must follow ISO 20121: 2012 "System of Management Sustainability", ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard, National Standard GOST R ISO 14001-2007, as well as national and international standards in the field of "green construction".
"Smart Cities"
Planning and management of the sustainable development of the city is now in dire need not only in new theoretical approaches, but also in the development of the relevant methodology, the introduction of modern technologies. In the past two decades, there has been an increase in interest in the subject of "smart cities". It is assumed that the "smart city" should be characterized by highly efficient economies, management, high level of quality of life, mobility, careful attitude to the environment and the population, which is actively involved in the life of the city.
An important element of the functioning of "smart cities" is the active introduction of information technologies, namely, automated intelligent control systems and control of various aspects of the city's life: housing and communal services, urban car traffic, public transport, tourism, public security, education systems, health, energy, water supply and environmental situation in the city management system. The introduction and innovative use of information technologies (intellectual systems of the smart city) contribute to improving the quality and efficiency of cities management, a decrease in administrative costs and improving the level and quality of life of the population.
IN lately In Europe, the format of "Smart Building" ("Smart Houses"), based on two different approaches, was distributed. The first is the construction of a house with zero consumption, that is, buildings capable of covering their energy requirements due to their own capabilities, such as the use of solar or wind generation of electricity or low-precision soil, water. The second approach is "positive" houses that generate energies more than they need, and give it to the network. One of the bright examples of the Smart Building format is the R & D Center in the Grenoble of Schneider Electric. Elements of the "Smart Building" We are introduced in the "Federation" tower in Moscow City.
On the this moment There are a number of objective obstacles to implement the projects of "smart cities" in Russia. First of all, this is the high cost of implementing such initiatives. The transformation into "smart cities" of the existing settlements implies high costs for the full modernization of engineering and utilities and the solution of deep structural problems of urban economy. For example, only one project of modernizing the energy infrastructure in the city with a population of about 100 thousand people is assessed by more than 2 billion rubles, and the project to create an automated vehicle control system for the same city - in the amount of more than 500 million rubles. The value of the cost of such projects in more major cities It can be judged by the fact that in Moscow only 3.85 billion rubles spent on the system of video surveillance in one 2015.
The construction of new "smart cities" from zero is even more costly, but more efficient from the point of view of management. Currently, only two similar projects are being implemented in Russia, this is Skolkovo Innograd (Moscow), and Innopolis (Tatarstan Republic). A few more "smart cities" in Russia are at the design stage, for example: Smart City microdistrict in Ulyanovsk and Innograd in the city - Satellite of St. Petersburg "South". Project value The construction of such cities reaches tens of billions of rubles. It should be noted that the cost of implementing the most well-known foreign projects of the construction of "smart cities" from scratch is at least 20 billion dollars.
Attempts are being made in a number of Russian cities - often quite successful - the introduction of individual "smart services". First of all, these are projects in the field of housing and communal services, transport management, the formation of uniform urban information systems "E-government", "Safe City".
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I believe that the sustainable development of cities is impossible without determining the goals and priorities, the development of investment, innovative and social strategies. To solve the chains and weakening of threats, their sustainable development requires an integrated approach, which determines interest in the best international theoretical development and practical examples in the field of strategic planning for the development of cities and management of them. Elena Dolgikh, cEO Agencies "Es Ji Em" |
For example, based on the solutions of the French company Schneider Electric, the intellectual water supply system was built in the cities of Ivanovo and Irkutsk, which includes automation of object management, first of all, the central dispatching point from which you can remotely manage the system operation modes. Such systems minimize the human factor and have good electricity saving indicators, provide reduction in accidents and losses in water supply networks. It should be noted that solutions of intelligent water supply are always multi-level. The first level includes field-level automation. Equipment of objects and water supply networks with all sorts of sensors and control devices. The second level is the data collection level consisting of communication channels, network, server equipment, which collects and archiving data obtained from objects on which field automation level is implemented. The third (top) level is a directly intelligent control system, the software of the operational management system of the water supply system in real time, the system of hydraulic modeling, solutions support systems.
Unfortunately, in Russia there are also a number of barriers to the introduction of "smart technologies" in cities, namely, technological backwardness, low awareness and qualifications of civil servants and industry specialists of the city administration, lack of educational level of the population.
In Russia, there is no universal system for assessing the effectiveness of the introduction of "smart services" and the potential for their further smartization, at the same time, there is the experience of individual scientific research in this area. Thus, specialists of HSE attempted to estimate the potential of Russian regions on the creation of "smart cities" on the basis of comparing the economic, innovative, human, technical, investment, fiscal, urban planning and environmental potential of the largest cities.
Most cities whose smart rate potential was rated on the results of the study as high, and among the leaders of the rating of sustainable development of Russian cities for last yearscompiled by the Agency "Es Ji Em". The leaders are: Moscow, Yekaterinburg, some city of Moscow region, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous districts.
To maximize the effectiveness of the introduction of "smart systems" in Russian cities, it is necessary to take into account the interests of all stakeholders (authorities of all levels, business community, population, public and non-Profit Organizations etc.). This is facilitated by such tools as conducting surveys, conferences and dialogues for discussing urban problems, the creation of permanent full-time or electronic communication sites, a wide public and expert discussion of the results of the implementation of each project.
The results of surveys of the leaders of the largest Russian cities show that on their part there is a high interest in studying the best practices in the field of UR both in Russia and abroad. This is evidenced by discussions at conferences on the sustainable development of cities organized by the Agency "ES Ji Em" over the past two years in the regional centers of the Central Federal District.
The Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Tatarstan informs about the beginning of the autumn stage of the selection of the competition "Annual Public Prize" Regions - Sustainable Development ", whose organizers are PJSC Sberbank of Russia, PJSC Bank VTB and Rosselkhozbank JSC with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Competition is a model of "one window" in the selection, preparation for implementation and implementation investment projects With the provision of special lending conditions and investment co-financing.
Organizing Committee Competition "Annual Public Prize
Guidelines on the selection and consideration of regional projects of the participants of the competition "Regions - Sustainable Development"(hereinafter referred to as the text - Competition)2018
- Tasks competition
- Selection best projects real sectors economics, advanced technologies and management decisions;
- Public and state recognition of best practices in the sustainable development of the country, the subject of the Russian Federation, the municipality and the dissemination of it later in the territory of the Russian Federation;
- Development of public - private partnership;
- Drawing attention to the investment potential of the regions of the Russian Federation;
- Drawing attention to the problem areas behind the pace of their development;
- Providing objective information to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities and industry enterprises about the real situation that develops around the implementation of investment projects;
- The formation of a positive image of housing and utilities spheres, VKH and waste management, and approval of sustainable consciousness in citizens, that the situation in these industries can be changed.
- The purpose of the competition
- The procedure for selection and presentation of projects to participate in the competition
- Projects corresponding to the following criteria are allowed to participate in the competition:
- The project must be implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation and contribute to the achievement of positive social changes in society; The project should be aimed at solving existing economic and social problems; Improving the investment climate of the subject; on the emergence of long-term, sustainable positive socio economic changes; Improving the quality of life of the population of the region. The project should contain a certain degree of novelty in the approach to solving social problems or an innovative component; The project must have potential to replication in other regions of the Russian Federation; The project should be aimed at creating financially sustainable business models that can work independently upon completion of financing.; The project budget must be provided own means The applicant is at least 10%.
- Metallurgy; Chemical complex; Pharmaceutical industry; Forest complex; Light industry; Building complex; Transport complex; Trade and household service; Hotels; Agriculture; Industries supplying material resources for agriculture (Tractor and agricultural engineering, fertilizer production and chemicals for agriculture); Industries processing agricultural products (food industry, primary processing of agricultural in the light industry, such as cotton-cleaning plants); Infrastructure activities that serve agriculture (preparation, transportation, storage and trade of agricultural products, etc.). Fuel and energy complex; Recreation and Entertainment, Culture and Sport and etc.
- exercise commercial activity non-commercial organizations that are not related to the authorized activities of the organization and the unmatched social effect; financing the activities of other organizations in terms of replenishing their loan portfolios and the creation of lending systems and / or other financing of other projects / organizations; conducting scientific research; development of various techniques; Grantmeking (granting grants, donations) other organizations and (or) to individuals; writing, the edition of manuscripts in the printing house (as the main activity on the project); publishing magazines, newspapers (as the main business idea of \u200b\u200bthe project); implementation of political and religious activities, support for ethnic groups, etc.; The implementation of activities that can lead to discrimination on the basis of gender, race, religion, age and sexual orientation, as well as other activities that contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
- In the period from August 1 to August 15 and from February 1 to February 15 of the current year, a list of the administration of the Federation administration is determined by an employee of the Administration of the Federation, the list of industry executive authorities and interested structures formed in the subject of the Russian Federation engaged in attracting investments and is submitted to Organizing Committee of the Competition in the form of F-1 / K, as well as a list of municipalities of the subject of the Russian Federation in the form F-2 / K:
F-2 form / Quick on the responsible staff of the Municipal Education of the Subject of the Russian Federation
Responsible for interaction with the organizational committee of the competition from ________ (subject entitle)
Signature _____________________ Signature Decryption
- The organizing committee of the competition in a period not exceeding 5 (five) working days from the date of receipt of the certificate presented in the form of F-1 / to and the form F-2 / K, defined by paragraph 3.4.1., Information - reference materials in Addresses of performers defined by the form F-1 / K and form F-2 / K. The organizational committee of the competition in cooperation with the responsible for interaction with the organizational committee of the competition by an employee of the Administration of the Federation is determined by the date, time and subject of the combiner, with performers, defined by the F-1 / K form and the form of F-2 / K, taking into account the timing of the holding no later than How September 15 in the autumn and March 30 at the spring stages of the selection of investment projects. Artists, meaning in the form of F-1 / to and form F-2 / K, defined by claims. 3.4.1., Investment projects are selected and the direction from September 1 to October 15 and from March 1 to May 15 of this year is responsible For cooperation with the organizational committee of the competition, an employee of the administration of the subject of the Federation of the application of industry projects with the application of copies of applications of participants in the form of above in clause 3.5. The executive authority of the Federation's subject, is formed and sent by e-mail to the organizing committee of the competition from September 15 to October 30 and from March 15 to May 30 of the current year, a generalized regional application in form:
Government Chairman _____________ (Subject of the Russian Federation)
Signature ____________________________ Decryption
With the application of copies of applications of participants in the form:
Application for participation in the competition"The annual public bonus" Regions - Sustainable Development "Attention! All fields are subject to fillcontinued
*** Below you need to specify the name of the property and the total area
37. Contact person (to fill this questionnaire)Company leader _______________________ signature ________________
Notes: Applications established by the Regulations of the Competition and this application are not sent from the subject of the Federation. An applications and documents are sent to the organizing committee of the competition by the applicant's Organizing Committee to the Organizing Committee of the Competition by the applicant's Organizing Committee on the terms established by the Competition Regulations.- In accordance with the regulations, the time consideration of the Competition Applications The Organizing Committee of the Competition is formed and sent to the subject of the Federation Subject Certificate of Consideration of Regional Applications in the following form:
Signature ___________________ decoding
- The procedure for consideration of documents at the decision-making stage in the Bank in the order of execution of the functions of an external finance expert
- Selection promising to invest regional projects;
- The active participation of the territorial divisions of the Bank as an external expert of the Finance Competition in the process of preparing for implementation and as a lender in the implementation of investment projects;
- Fixing the timing of the consideration of applications and documents at the stages of adoption of preliminary and final decisions;
- Close and productive interaction with the working bodies of the competition;
- The study of the real state of affairs in the application of state support funds in the framework of existing FDPs and regional development programs in the implementation of infrastructure regional projects, an active positive impact on the process by participating in the implementation of investment agreements as part of the Agreement, a member of the Coordination Council for the implementation of the investment project.
Financial documents
Copy of the accounting balance of the enterprise for the last 2 annual reporting dates in the composition accounting balance, income statement, report on capital changes, cash flow report, report on target use funds, explanations for accounting balance and profits and loss reportcompiled in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, with a note of adoption tax Inspectorate or receipt for the adoption of documents by the tax inspectorate (when submitting reports in in electronic format) (For organizations using a conventional taxation system)
4.3.3. The specialized division of the Bank, authorized by the leader, registers the documents received, distributes to the regional departments of the Bank (regional representatives of the external expert of the competition) for studying and issuing a preliminary conclusion on projects, organizes the execution control system. The personal composition of the regional representatives of the external expert of the Finance Competition is determined by the Bank.4.3.4. The Regional Representative of the External Expert of the Finance Competition is valid on behalf of the external expert of the Finance Competition, as follows: 4.3.4.1. Remarks of the Regional Representative of the External Expert Competition for Finance on Completion and Quality submitted to the consideration of documents are formed and sent in electronic form to the organizing committee of the competition to the address [Email Protected] During the term no later than 5 (five) working days from the date of receipt of documents established by the List of PP. 4.3.2. A copy of the letters with comments is sent to a specialized division of the Bank.4.3.4.2. In cases of submission for more information According to the draft Regional Representative of the External Expert of the Finance Competition, requests it in the organizational Committee of the Competition by sending a written request in electronic form to the address [Email Protected] A copy of the request is sent to a specialized division of the Bank.4.3.4.3. The preparation of the expert opinion of the regional representative of the external expert of the Finance Competition is held by the number of working days spent on the expectation of documents on request.4.3.4.4. Studying the project and the conclusion of the regional representative of the External Expert of the Finance Competition and / or the Development of Proposals for Providing additional information It is produced within a period of no more than 21 (twenty one) calendar days.4.3.4.5. IN deadlines The Regional Representative of the External Expert of the Finance Competition sends to the Organizing Committee of the Competition to the Address [Email Protected] , and a copy to the specialized division of the bank, coordinated by the head of the territorial division of the bank, an expert opinion in shape: Preliminary conditions for financing an investment project with state support / public participation based on the project financing mechanism(Name of the territorial bank) As part of the selection of projects implemented with state support, it considered the possibility of lending to the following project:
Name of the project - "_______________________".
Initiator of the project - "_______________".
Brief information on the project:
* In the event of a reduction in the cost of the project after the examination of the estimates, the amount of investments of each participant decreases proportionally. Shares of participation remain unchanged.
We propose to consider the following indicative lending conditions.
Positive and negative project factors:Based on the indicated risks, we believe that the financing of this project is possible when performing the following conditions:
Expert _____________________ / ____________ /
"_____" ___________ 20 ___ g.4.3.4.6. In the event of a negative conclusion on the project, the Regional Representative of the External Expert of the Finance Competition sends to the Organizing Committee of the Competition to [Email Protected] , and a copy to a specialized division of the bank, agreed by the head of the territorial division of the bank, a motivated refusal with a detailed indication of the reasons, as well as recommendations to the project processing project to obtain its implementation with the involvement of debt financing funds provided for by the Bank's regulations.- The re-consideration of the project, which received a negative opinion of the regional representative of the external expert of the Finance Competition, is allowed only if it is processed in accordance with the Regional Representative of the External Expert Competition on Finance Recommendations. Conclusion, when re-examined the project is issued in accordance with paragraphs.5.3.4.1. - 5.3.4.6. Decision of the Colleaginal Body of the Bank:
- Investment Agreement
6. For the organizing committee of the annual public premium
"Regions - Sustainable Development"
Postal address: Russia, 115114, Moscow, Derbanevskaya Embankment, d. 11The.: 8 - 800 - 775 - 10 - 73www.infra-konkurs.ru E-mail: [Email Protected]
Indicative conditions will be determined in accordance with the decision of the Bank's authority to provide loans and investments " General terms Financing priority investment projects coming from the state executive authorities of the Russian Federation to implement state support "
Sodrugin Maxim Olegovich, Camerator of the Department of Economics, Organization and Management of Production, East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Annotation:
The sustainable development of the region is ensured, first of all, the equilibrium between the factors of socio-economic and natural-environmental development. The article discusses the main approaches to this concept within the framework of the regional economy, the concept of sustainable development of the region is clarified, and the factors affecting the process of its sustainable development are described.
Jel classification:
Recently, a large number of specialists in the field of regional science, as well as leaders of the edges, regions, the republics converge in one - regions it is necessary to consider the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the most reasonable is the concept of "region", which introduces I.V. Arzhenovsky. It defines the region as "distinguished in the process public division Labor part of the country's territory, which is characterized by a specialization in the production of goods and services, generality and specific nature of the reproduction process with respect to other territories; The complexity and integrity of the economy, the presence of management bodies that ensure the problem of the tasks facing the region. "
B.c. also adhered to a similar point of view. Bilchak and V.F. Zakharov, determined by the region as a socio-economic spatial integrity, characterized by the structure of the production of all forms of ownership, the concentration of the population, jobs, the spiritual life of a person at the rate of the unit of space and time having local territory control authorities (region, edge, republic).
Thus, the region is the territory in the administrative boundaries of the subject of the federation characterized by the following fundamental features: complexity, integrity, specialization and handling, that is, the presence of political and administrative management bodies.
The concept of "Development of the Region"
Under the development of the region, any progressive change is understood primarily in the economic sphere. This change may be quantified, then they talk about economic growth. It can be high quality, and then they talk about structural changes in the development of development. Along with economic characteristics, social development parameters are considered. Moreover, social characteristics are full indicators when evaluating the degree of development of the region.
The main purpose of the economic development of the regions is to improve the quality of life of the population. The objectives of the development of the region is to increase income, improving education, nutrition and health care, reducing poverty, environmental recovery, equality of opportunities, expanding personal freedom, enrichment of cultural life, etc.
It should be noted that a number of researchers justify that the implementation of sustainable development should be carried out in the regions, since they are characterized by complexity, integrity, specialization and handling; are historically most sustainable territorial formations formed over the period of existence; possess the most optimal structure for positioning in the foreign economic space; Have a significant experience in combining the practice of stimulating market transformations in territories with policies to regulate these processes.
The concept of "Sustainable Development of the Region"
Sustainable development paradigm involving the dynamic process of consistent positive changes, ensuring the balance of economic, social and environmental aspects, should underlie the formation of approaches to resolving the problems of territorial entities. This is especially true today when the center of severity of economic reforms is transferred to the level of regions and strengthening their role in the implementation of the state economic policy.
The priority approach in the implementation of reforms at the level of the region should be a conviction that should be abandoned from identifying the development of the territory with its economic development. The region cannot be considered steadily developing only on the basis of increasing economic indicators. Sustainable development should be aimed at achieving high quality of life of the population, with the positive dynamics of the complex of indicators.
P.M. Ivanov under the stability of the region's development understands the viability of the system. At the same time, the viability of the system is defined as the ability to live and development, that is, the territory with the property of sustainability is capable of survival and development in a particular environment. Regional development sustainability determines the ability of the region to preserve and develop necessary parameters The qualities of the life of the population within the safety threshold or above is the oscillations of external and internal influences (socio-political, socio-economic, technogenic, natural-climatic and other character), threatening the fall in the quality of life of the population.
When the classification of regions in Russia in terms of level and pace of development usually allocate: developing, problematic and depressive.
Stability of the development of the region's economy as a specific quality is achieved as a result of overcoming the set of obstacles and is not a given for a long period of time. In the situation of crisis, stability is survival and achievement in the subsequent progressive process in the main spheres of life. So, o.K. Tsapievak the main forms of sustainability of the regional system include:
- unstable development;
- hypermaticity;
- global stability;
- approximately the sustainable development of the regional system;
- Stable system.
Features of Russia (scale, regional manifold, condition transition economy) They require more active, compared with the usual world practice, the state's activities to eliminate disparities in economic space, solving complex regional problems, the creation of conditions for the sustainable development of the regions.
Transition to new economic system I demanded deep reform state regulation regional development. The main directions of reform are determined by such processes as replacing the administrative and command management of market mechanisms, a change in the ownership structure, as well as improving the federal system, expanding the economic rights of the regions.
In fig. The main factors affecting the formation of the sustainable development of the region in modern conditions are presented.
The main factors for the sustainable development of the region
Figure shows that the main factors can be divided into 7 main blocks:
1) Environmental factors:
- natural climatic conditions;
- Technogenic pollution. Not only pollution should be attributed to technogenic pollution, but also transboundary pollution (air, water, etc.), and this applies not only to other states, but also to other regions of the country. For example, the Baikal Cellulosic and Paper Plant is located in the Irkutsk region, but it pollutes the water area of \u200b\u200bLake Baikal, which also applies to Buryatia;
2) Financial and Economic Factors:
- the stability of the budget of the region, the independence of subsidies, transfers from federal budget;
- participation of the region in federal targeted programs, priority national projects, macro-relocion development strategies;
- activities of credit institutions, insurance companies, etc.;
- the influence of economic instability;
3) Industrial production factors:
- availability of a powerful production base;
- availability in the region mineral resources;
- dependence of the region from monopolies (petroleum, gas monopolies, electrical and thermal power engineering enterprises, railways, telecommunications companies, etc.);
4) availability in the region of developed infrastructure:
- availability and condition in the road network region, railways, airfields, river and seaports;
- Communication, telecommunications, Internet accessibility;
- market infrastructure;
5) Food Security of the Region:
- the state of agriculture of the region;
- the state of the trading network;
- the presence and development of processing enterprises;
- the activity of vertically integrated complexes in the APC;
6) Regional Marketing:
- recognition of the region in the federal media;
- brands of the region;
- national, regional holidays, celebrations;
7) social sphere, culture, social activities:
- Developed Social Sphere;
- Scientific, educational institutions;
- The presence of qualified labor resources and jobs;
- institutions of culture and art, events, etc.;
- activities of public organizations (non-commercial, environmental, student, trade unions, etc.);
- interethnic, interreligious relations.
The priority direction of the new stage of economic change is the innovative modernization of the economy of the regions of Russia. In achieving this goal, regional authorities are intended to play an important role, the priorities of their activities should be changed. At the previous stage, their main task was to create conditions for the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to attract investment. Conditions are changing, and the problems of the orientation problems of the establishment of the conditions for the sustainable development of the region are issued to the fore. innovative activity, improvement of the structure of the region's economy, increase the competitiveness of products and services.
Output
Thus, the sustainable development of the region is a comprehensive process leading to solving the problems of the population at the regional level, to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants of the region by achieving the balance of socio-economic and environmental development, carried out on the basis of the rational use of the entire resource potential of the region, including geographical features region, as well as features of the economy, infrastructure, industry and potential opportunities of individual cities belonging to this region. 3. Golubeva N.P. Indicative approaches to determine the priority of investment in the entrepreneurial activity of the North-West region of Russia / N.P. Golubeva, O.N. Makarov, V.I. Bovkun // Economy of the North-West: problems and development prospects. - 2005. - № 4 (26). - p. 53-65.
4. Mayburov I. Sustainable development as a co-evolution process // Society and economics. - 2004. - № 4. - C. 124-143.
5. Pchelins O.S. Regulation of the reproductive potential of the territory as the basis regional Policy / O.S. Pchelftsev, V.Ya. Love, A.B. Warinka // Problems of forecasting. - 2000. - № 5. - P. 62-68.
6. Tatarkin A.I. Sustainable development modeling as a condition for increasing economic security territory / A.I. Tatarkin, D.S. Lviv, A.A. Kuklin and others. - Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Urals. University, 1999. - 276 p.
7. Uskova T.V. Sustainable development of the region: from conceptual basics - to practical results. / T.V. Uskova, S.S. Kafa. // Economic I. social changes In the region: Facts, trends, forecast / WNCC CEMI RAS. -2008. - Vol. 43. - P. 21-31.
8. Ivanov P.M. Algebraic modeling of complex systems. - M.: Science, 1996. - 185 p.
9. Tsapiev O.K. Economic problems of regions and sectoral complexes // Problems of the modern economy. - 2010. - № 2 (34). - P. 46-49.
10. Granberg A.G. Fundamentals of the regional economy: Textbook for universities. - M.: Higher School of Economics, 2007. - 495 p.
11. Sysoeva V.N. Sustainable development of the region on the basis of the formation of innovative clusters. - Author ... Cand. ECON. science - Tambov, 2007. - 24 s.
