Per capita income in the world. Countries and territories with low per capita income. Norway is the richest northern country in Europe

There are only three options when salary statistics in different countries of Europe and the entire civilized world may be of great interest:

• simple curiosity;
• academic interest;
• selection of new habitats.

In the first two cases, general data is enough, but when the goal is to move to a new country in search of a new life, the information should only be accurate and reliable.

A warning may seem like a superfluous one, it is easy to find any information and ratings of incomes of the population from all over the world on the Internet. However, in reality, they are more often advertising moves than a real display of cases. Real numbers have slightly different characteristics.

A simple calculation of the average wages within states, made by local statistics agencies, is the arithmetic average of the income of the entire population. In other words:

1. Take a list of all existing professions, positions, specialties, officially taken into account by the state.
2. Add up all earnings on the list.
3. Divide the amount received by the number of posts.

As a result, data are obtained that are far from reality. After all, they add up and divide the revenue of employees not in one area, but money and top management large companies, and echelons of power, and cleaning women at school. It is not surprising that the figures obtained so resent the inhabitants of the periphery, who have never held so much money in their hands.

Better advanced statistical centers, calculating the average wages in the world, try first to conduct in-depth monitoring of existing social groups, fields of activity, professions in order to minimize errors. However, all the same, the reality falls out significantly from the results of calculations. In addition, it is customary to calculate the average monthly income without taking into account tax deductions, social payments and other deductions. Therefore, the indicators are overestimated by another 10-40%, depending on the state.

Conclusion: the average wages officially approved by the governments themselves are almost always biased; it is better to rely on this information with caution.

International statistics

The calculations of the International Labor Organization (ILO) are closer to the truth. The charts she compiled are based on a detailed study of the situation in 70 regions of the world, the economy of which is the most successful. The final table of indicators is a list where the top lines are occupied by the most profitable nations, and then - in descending order of values. The US dollar was chosen as the monetary unit for calculations, however, with the adjustment for the fact that in different countries you can buy a different amount of goods for $ 1. Thus, the data does not reflect the total profitability against the background of all countries at once, but the purchasing weight of labor pay for a particular region, based on the ratio of domestic prices and average profit.

How international statistics work:

• only salaries of employees are taken into account;
• the level, qualifications, experience of the working mass are taken into account;
• businessmen, state of emergency / individual entrepreneurs, recipients of social benefits for unemployment, disability, pensioners are excluded from the calculations.

Ten countries with the best salary figures

Important! The figures below may differ slightly from official statistics.

The fact is that the ILO rating is published annually, but in reality it is compiled on the basis of data for several previous years. Moreover, salaries in different countries can be compared for different years. Even a regularly updated Wikipedia article with a rating-table has a separate column with the date of the data's relevance. This is due to the huge amount of information that needs to be processed, as well as the unevenness of statistics coming from different countries.

Accordingly, the citizens of the Scandinavian region, Western Europeans, residents of the continent of North America, residents of the Australian Union, Japanese, and South Koreans earn the most. At the same time, the values ​​in the TOP-5 do not fall below $ 4500, and in the TOP-10 - $ 3000.

The last five items in the table are provided for comparison.

Real income

After studying the official rating, it is better to exhale and look at the real state of affairs. The fact is that the rating does not take into account taxes, and they are different in each state. If we revise the indicators from the point of view net profit on your hands, the picture in 2019 changes slightly.

Norway, which is in first place with $ 7,000, loses almost half of the amount on taxes, so it manages to get an average of about $ 3,000 on hand.

Australia - After paying taxes, Australians also get only half of the $ 5,000 declared by the rating. But the Green Continent consistently holds the bar for the most expensive minimum rate in hour.

Statistics average salary in Australia, Australian dollars per week

New Zealand - has a very gentle tax system with many conditions and benefits. Therefore, there is almost no concept of maximum or minimum profit. Everyone gets paid according to the degree of their labor zeal, and it can be said that New Zealanders have the best average wages in the world.

Minimum statistics wages in New Zealand, New Zealand dollars per hour

Germany - Having initially almost the same $ 4600 as the US, the Germans receive net "only" $ 2800. But the tax policy provides for an individual approach to each taxpayer, carefully taking into account all the attendant factors of life. Also in 2015, a law was passed on the size of minimum wage labor. From now on, the hourly rate in Germany should be from $ 10. and more. Workers with monthly income 1200-1700 $ are counted as low-income, and those living on $ 1100 per month are considered to be below the poverty line.

Average salary statistics in Germany, euros per month

Canada - the native government does not allow citizens and immigrants who arrived on a work visa to pay less than $ 10 per hour or $ 1,500 per month. However, the northerners' taxes are not the most pleasant - $ 3,500 from the rating actually turns into a living wage.

Japan - has extortionate taxes and a very flexible system tax incentives... Taxation can reach 68% of fees, benefits manage to bring them down to 40%. Enviable earnings are "compensated" by a very expensive life that amazes even wealthy American tourists.

France - the tax bites off the average earnings of more than $ 1,000 here, but on the remaining $ 2,500 the French live quite well thanks to good balance income and prices. The minimum wage limit, including unskilled and foreign labor, is $ 1,600 / month.

Italy - taxes are very low, but most of the population actually receives a little more than $ 1,300 per month. Students or immigrants even less (up to $ 1000). Women are paid 20% less than men.

South Korea - After replenishing the state treasury, the average South Korean gets more than the Japanese. If you dig deeper, then the figure consists of a solid income of $ 3,000 and a minimum of $ 400. And yet, this difference is much lower than in the United States, Russia or Japan.

In total, the adjusted largest salaries in the world look like this:

1. New Zealand - $ 4000.
2. USA - 3500 $.
3. Norway - $ 3300.
4. Germany - $ 2800.
5. Italy - $ 2600.
6. Australia - 2.4-2.6 thousand dollars
7. France - $ 2,500.
8. South Korea - $ 2400.
9. Japan - $ 2,000.
10. Canada - $ 1,500.

Who is paid the most by profession?

• Norway pays most of all to doctors, IT specialists, programmers, oilmen;
• in Australia, capital residents get good money and Tasmanians receive little, doctors and programmers are highly valued;
• New Zealand pays the most for the work of lawyers and doctors;
• The United States pays dearly to engineers, teachers, doctors, police officers, high-tech specialists;
• the Germans are eager to provide large revenue for talented computer scientists, financiers, doctors, insurance specialists;
• Canada loves builders, geeks, truck drivers, engineers, chefs, oil workers, lawyers;

• the Japanese are traditionally unusual - in addition to standard computer engineers with electronics engineers, designers, salesmen, architects, advertising geniuses, and PR people make good money in Japan;
• IT specialists are entitled to up to $ 4,000 per month, the same amount is given to accountants, in production you can get more than $ 3,000.

In general, the highest salaries in Europe in 2019 are recognized for the following specialties:

1. Engineer-economist (from 20 thousand dollars in Belgium to 40 thousand dollars in Switzerland).
2. IT specialist (from 20 thousand dollars in Belgium, Italy to 40 thousand dollars in Switzerland).
3. Lawyer (from 18 thousand in Belgium to 40 thousand dollars in Switzerland, Germany).

Countries with low minimum wages

Studying the statistics of earnings in the world, it should be taken into account that in addition to the simple tariffication of personnel, there is also such a thing as hourly rates. So, for another power, this figure may be very high, but the length of the working day is low, therefore, the total profit is low.

In addition, in some nations there is a very high difference between the upper and lower thresholds of wages. For example, the Chinese average figures consist of the earnings of civil servants and factory workers, while the data of the former are 6 times higher than the statistics of the latter. Moreover, the calculations also took into account top officials, whose profits are 100 times higher than the minimum.

Conclusion: a low minimum wage for a power does not always mean low purchasing power, as well as the fact that high averages do not mean the overall wealth of a nation.

Features of wages in the states

It is worth knowing that the efforts to obtain the earnings indicated in the ratings are also different for different workers. Americans, Russians, Japanese, in order to justify the statistics, must work at least 40 hours every week (for Russians it is $ 1 per hour, in rubles - at the exchange rate). For the French, 35 hours are enough, the Vietnamese, Kenyans, Filipinos - all 48-55 hours.

The same goes for vacations:

• working 55 hours a week, Filipinos are only entitled to 5 days of vacation per year;
• Mexico, Singapore rest 6-7 days a year;
• the Japanese are entitled to 10 days of vacation;
• with the same workload as the Japanese, the Russians rest for 24 days;
• workers from Denmark, Panama and Madagascar “walk” 30 days of their next vacation.

So it turns out that when choosing a new place of residence, it is not enough to know how much Europeans and citizens of other countries of the world receive. An equally important factor is also the conditions of work and rest.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

Gross National Income (GNI) is the aggregate value of all goods and services produced during the year in the territory of the state (that is, gross domestic product, GDP), plus income received by citizens of the country from abroad, minus income exported from the country by foreigners. One of the key indicators economic development.

A country's GNI can be significantly less than its GDP if a significant part of the country's income is exported from it by foreign companies or citizens. On the contrary, if the citizens of a given country own a large number of valuable papers foreign companies or governments and receive revenues from them, then GNI will be greater than GDP. However, for most countries in the world, GDP and GNI do not differ significantly and are often considered interchangeable. The term “gross” means that the value of capital consumed in the production process has not been excluded from the total market value of goods and services produced. If this had been done, it would have received not a “gross”, but a “net national product” practically equal to the national income. In practice, however, the words “product” and “income” are often used as equivalents, so the measure “gross national product” is also called “gross national income”.

Gross national income per capita is GNI divided by the average annual population of a country. This indicator gives an idea of ​​the amount of goods and services produced per one citizen of the state, or, in other words, how much each inhabitant of the country would receive if the entire annual national income were distributed equally among all citizens of the country. GNI per capita is also called “per capita income” or “per capita income”.

The GNI per capita index is one of the basic in international statistics. This indicator is often understood as an index of the standard of living or well-being in a state or region, however, it is only an approximate measure of the well-being of the population of a country, since it does not take into account a number of important factors, in particular:

It does not show how evenly or unevenly income is distributed among the citizens of the country (for example, in countries with the same GNI per capita, there may be a significant difference, for example, in the share of the middle class or in the share of the poor, since in reality most of the national income can be concentrated in the hands of a narrow group of the population).
Does not take into account the damage caused by production to natural resources and the environment.
Does not take into account unpaid household or volunteer work, as well as all production in the shadow economy, which can be very significant.
Attaches equal importance to both useful and harmful products for society (for example, some medicines, cigarettes, weapons, etc.), while ignoring the value that free time or freedom has for a person.
In methodology The World Bank, which annually calculates indicators of national income per capita in the countries of the world, all states and territories are classified in three categories:

Countries with high per capita income ($ 12,616 and above).
Countries with middle income per capita ($ 1,036 to $ 12,615).
Countries with low per capita income ($ 1,035 and below).
This is the official analytical classification of the World Bank. The World Bank's World Development Indicators database serves as a source of information. Fixed during the fiscal year (ending June 30) and updated annually (updated statistics are usually published in October-November).

Data are presented as of 2012 (published July 2013, updated December 2013).

RATING OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES BY Gross National Income Per Capita

The World Bank: World Development Indicators, 2013. Gross National Income per Capita 2012.

What is required to develop the economy of the state and provide the population with the highest standard of living? Let's find out what the richest countries in the world have done for this and what is the secret of their prosperity!

TOP 10 richest countries in the worldby income per capita

There are 246 states in the world. Ten of them fall into the topic of this article - with the highest standard of living. An interesting feature of this category of countries is the correct management of the available natural resources or the use of a favorable geographic location for the benefit of the economy.

One way or another, with an economically competent approach, even from a lifeless desert, you can make a fragrant oasis. For this, it is desirable that fountains of oil gush out of the sand. However, the mere availability of valuable resources is not at all the main factor for rapid economic growth! We will be convinced of this by looking at the richest countries and learning the secrets of their prosperity.

As for the living conditions in various regions of our vast homeland, due to their predominantly economic, as well as their geographical position, they are strikingly different from each other and have their own characteristics. Read about the advantages of living in a particular city on the territory of Russia in the additional material at the link:

The richest countriesby income level: 1st place - Qatar

According to the majority rating agencies per last years The top 10 richest countries in the world are headed by the Arab state of Qatar by an impressive margin from competitors. It is not only the richest, but also the smallest country in the Arabian Peninsula, where it is located. The territory of Qatar occupies only a peninsula on the southwestern coast of the Persian Gulf. By land, Qatar borders Saudi Arabia, and by sea the nearest neighbors are the UAE and Bahrain.

The Qatari Peninsula is mainly a desert, with poor wildlife and rare oases in the northern part. The area is 11,586 square kilometers (for comparison, the area of ​​the Moscow region occupies almost 46,000 km!), And the population is a little more than two million, 90% of which lives in the capital Doha and its environs.

Under extremely unfavorable conditions for life, the current level of prosperity for the state was ensured by the rich oil and gas fields located in the northern part of the peninsula. Qatar has the third largest natural gas reserves in the world! In terms of oil reserves - 21st! Today, half of the GDP and 70% of the state budget revenue is provided by the extraction of energy resources and their export, in the bulk to Southeast Asia.

In addition to the extraction and processing of petroleum products, the country has a developed chemical and metallurgical industry. A large steel-making enterprise is engaged in the remelting of imported raw materials, while chemical plants produce fertilizers and oil by-products. Agriculture in Qatar is poorly developed and is able to satisfy only a tenth of the population's needs for food, so up to 90% of the share of food products is imported. Also, a fair share of imports falls on various equipment and vehicles.

The government takes care of attracting foreign investment in non-resource sectors and areas of the economy, seeking to reduce the level of dependence on the still available oil and gas resources. The goal is to reorient the economy as much as possible from the extraction of minerals to the production of goods.

Like other richest countries in the world, Qatar boasts a developed financial sector with a dozen large lending institutions. These include local commercial banks and foreign branches, as well as tax-free offshore banks. In addition, the country also has a national airline, Qatar Airways, serving over 140 international routes across all inhabited continents of the planet. Qatar Airlines is ranked in the top seven in the world in terms of quality and service.

The prosperity of the peninsular Islamic state is based on the extraction, processing and supply of the most valuable natural raw materials. On a per capita basis for a relatively small population, Qatar's GDP is $ 145,000 per person per year! The rest of the richest countries are only half of this figure!

List of the richest countries: in second place - Luxembourg

Luxembourg is the smallest European state in terms of territory. Included in the top 10 richest countries in the world. Located between Belgium, France and Germany on an area of ​​just over 2,500 square kilometers. The population is 576,000 people.

Another item of income that forms a tenth of GDP is the extraction of iron ore and production for export of cast iron and iron. Raw materials are mined at a large deposit, part of which is located on the territory of the southern borders of the state. Contributes to the development of the economy and the service sector, especially in the financial field. Also on the territory of Luxembourg are several golf clubs, hotels, restaurants, clubs, bars and more - with the best level service.

Foreign companies open their production factories here, since in addition to the absence of taxation, a plus is the knowledge of local workers in several languages. The official languages ​​are Luxembourgish, French and German. It produces audio-video and telecommunications technology, chemical products, glass and textiles. The country imports in full energy resources for industrial enterprises and electricity, as well as transportation and equipment.

The main inflow of money in is formed due to the provision of services by international financial institutions... This is over 60% of GDP. However, this fact makes the economy extremely sensitive to financial crises and the general economic situation in the rest of the world. Plus there is an impressive external debt.

Nevertheless, all the negative factors do not prevent Luxembourg from occupying the second place in the ranking of the top 10 richest countries. The highest standard of living of citizens is ensured thanks to the average annual income per capita, which is about $ 128,000 per year!

The richest countries in Asia- Singapore

The first line of the TOP of the richest countries in Asia and the third place in the world is held by Singapore, which covers an area of ​​only 719 square kilometers and is located on 63 islands. The population is 5 million people, of which more than 70% are Chinese. Due to the lack of area, artificial land reclamation has been carried out throughout the entire time since the founding of the state in 1965. Singapore was previously part of Malaysia.

Secession from Malaysia left Singapore with little or no natural resources even without their own drinking water. However, the competent economic policy of the government has turned a poor country into a prosperous one in 20-30 years. The success was based on the decision to create a financial and economic center for the whole of Southeast Asia on the basis of Singapore. This was accomplished by attracting foreign investment and organizing a favorable financial and economic climate.

Currently, high-tech electronics of the world's largest manufacturers are produced in Singapore, shipbuilding, the segment of financial services, pharmaceuticals are developed, as well as developments in the field of biotechnology are underway. It has its own airline, Singapoure Airlines, which serves over 40 million passengers a year.

A powerful economic and technological leap raised the level of the average annual income of the population before the onset of the 21st century several dozen times and remained in history as a “Singaporean economic miracle”. The gross national product for 2015 was $ 85,000 per year per person. Singapore is an excellent example of an efficient organization of the economy based on the use of foreign investment, having no natural resources of its own at all.

Switzerland - 4th place in the TOP 10 richest countries

Switzerland is a state in Western Europe, lost among the most beautiful Alpine mountains, which occupy more than half of its entire territory. total area- 41,300 square kilometers, of which 25% is forested. The country is rich in lakes formed as a result of the melting of glaciers, of which there are currently about 140 with a total area of ​​2000 km2, and large rivers flowing through its territory. Fresh water reserves here account for 6% of all European ones.

A variety of ski resorts and other interesting sights attract an endless stream of tourists here. The excellent level of service has firmly secured Switzerland's status as one of the best resorts in the world, and the tourist destination, together with the entire service sector, accounts for the lion's share of budget revenues - 70%.

Switzerland is also famous for its reliable banks, where the protection of customer data privacy is spelled out almost in the constitution. Such a serious approach to banking secrecy attracts many investors from all over the world who want to save their money, acquired in a way that is not entirely fair. Information can only be issued upon official request government agencies and if the client is suspected of committing illegal actions or tax evasion.

In Switzerland, there are offices of more than 4,000 financial and credit institutions, including foreign ones. Also, the country is actively involved in investing own funds in various projects around the world, 30% of annual GDP is spent on this. Basically, Switzerland makes money by passing a lot of money through its banks.

Switzerland has a well-developed energy sector - the country covers 90% of its needs in electricity, half - due to hydroelectric power plants, 40% of energy comes from nuclear power, and the remaining 10% is generated due to imported energy carriers. Hydroelectric power plants are located in the Alps, where several dozen reservoirs have been created for these purposes. Nuclear power plants are closely monitored by environmentalists due to their potential danger, but they are still functioning. But there are no plans to build new nuclear power plants.

Switzerland has a population of 8 million. A developed economy, a stable exchange rate of the national currency and a competent foreign policy allow maintaining calm within the state and providing the Swiss with the highest standard of living. The average annual GDP per capita is $ 81,000.

Norway is the richest northern country in Europe

The list of the richest countries includes one of the northern European states - Norway. Its predominantly mountainous territory covers the entire western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, many small adjoining islands and the vast Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The total area is 385,000 square kilometers. It shares borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. The population of Norway is 5,245,000. The high standard of living and prosperity of the Norwegians is confirmed by the size of the GDP: $ 75,000 per person per year.

Norway is also engaged in oil and gas production, which accounts for about a third of the state budget revenues. The country is the leading European supplier of hydrocarbons and the second in the world after the UAE. Oil is mined offshore. Norway specializes in the production of offshore drilling platforms and technologies for the safe extraction of resources.

With forests that cover 30% of the area and a developed woodworking industry, Norway is the world's leading producer and exporter of pulp. Also on the territory of the state are the richest deposits of minerals. The country supplies iron, magnesium, aluminum, titanium and other metals.

Another significant part of income is fishing and fish processing. In terms of its importance, the fish processing sector of the economy is on a par with oil and gas production. The main buyer of finished fish products is Russia. In addition, many Russian fishing vessels sell fish to Norwegian companies for processing.

Despite the availability of natural energy sources - oil and gas, 95% of electricity in Norway is generated by hydroelectric power plants. The rest is provided by the operation of wind farms. The country provides itself with electricity, which makes it possible to export the produced hydrocarbons almost in full.

Where to get money to start your own business? This is the problem that 95% of aspiring entrepreneurs face! In the article, we have revealed the most relevant ways to get start-up capital for an entrepreneur. We also recommend that you carefully study the results of our experiment in exchange earnings:

The tourist destination is widely developed. The entire coast of Norway is literally indented by numerous fjords, along which cruise ships and yachts ply. Picturesque cliffs and the cleanest sea, combined with a favorable ecological situation and security of the country, attracts millions of tourists here every year.

Kuwait is another oil tycoon

Kuwait is located on the northeastern coast of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq and Saudi Arabia. Together with the islands in the gulf belonging to him, the state occupies an area of ​​slightly less than 18,000 km - this is the 152nd place in the world. Most of the area is desert. The population of Kuwait is 2,600,000 people, over 95% live in cities.

Kuwait was one of the poorest countries even at the beginning to the middle of the last century. Thanks to the discovery of large oil fields on its territory in the 1930s, thanks to production and exports, in just half a century, it was possible to raise the economy and the standard of living of the population to one of the highest rates in the world.

In the early 1990s, the Kuwaitis survived the Iraqi occupation, which almost completely destroyed and plundered the country. Over the next few years, the state restored oil production and supplies and regained its former prosperity.

Today Kuwait is one of the richest countries in oil, its reserves account for about 9% of the world's total. Kuwait's main trading partners for the export of petroleum products are India, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea.

Export volumes of "black gold" form up to 95% of income state budget and 65% of GDP. In per capita terms, that's $ 70,000 a year!

UAE: the backbone of the economy is oil production and tourism

United Arab Emirates - located on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula. The area is 83,600 square kilometers, about 8,000,000 people live here, more than 60% of whom are migrant workers from South and Southeast Asia.

The UAE has huge reserves of oil, the share of exports of which brings 45% of GDP to the budget. This indicator was achieved thanks to the economic diversification policy adopted in the 1980s. Before the measures were taken, oil provided more than 75% of government revenue. On a per capita basis, the current level of GDP is $ 66,000 per year per person.

The United Arab Emirates, thanks to oil exports, have achieved significant prosperity in a relatively short time - since 1971, the moment of their separation from Oman. The rapid recovery of the economy was facilitated by the high prices of oil at that time. Spheres developed in parallel banking services and a tourist destination, which now generate most of the income.

Favorable geographical position made it possible to make the UAE a large international trade and economic center, connecting the West and the East. Major seaports of the emirates of Dubai and Fujairah handle millions of containers annually. Six international airports serve over 60 million passengers a year.

Most of the territory of the UAE is desert, and the arid climate is not at all conducive to the development of agriculture. Nevertheless, thanks to investments in this industry, it was possible to make it prosperous even in such conditions. Some of the products are even exported to Europe, such as strawberries. Also in Dubai is the world's largest flower park.

Particular attention is paid to creating favorable conditions for tourism in the desert. For example, artificial islands in Dubai, which have become one of the wonders of the world, luxury hotels, the largest shopping centers and high quality service - everything is done to attract tourists from all over the world.

Saudi Arabia is the richest country in oil

Saudi Arabia is the largest state on the Arabian Peninsula in terms of territory. Its area is 2,200,000 square kilometers, it is not possible to determine precisely due to the complexity of border demarcation in desert conditions. However, it is reliably known that the occupied territory is in 13th place in the world in terms of area. Population - 31.5 million people.

Saudi Arabia is in first place in terms of the volume of "black gold" production. Only Russia and the United States can compete with it! The share of the total oil production in the world is 13%! For reference, the most oil-rich the country in terms of reserves is Venezuela (46 billion tons), and Saudi Arabia is in second place (36 billion tons).

No wonder that most of its economy is built on the processing and export of hydrocarbons. Saudi Arabia plays a key role in pricing. The dynamics of the prices of black gold literally depends on it, and hence the colossal influence of the Arab oil power on other richest countries engaged in oil and world economy generally. The share of income from oil exports is 75% of GDP. In per capita terms for the year, the figure is $ 51,000.

In addition to oil revenue, the kingdom has five airlines and six international airports. The economy receives large incomes from annual pilgrimages to Mecca, where about two million people come.

Saudi Arabia, among other things, stands out for its mediocre human rights record. Chopping off hands for theft and the death penalty for actions that are not classified as illegal in other states are still in use in the kingdom! This is a tribute to the observance of Sharia law, on the principles of which criminal law is based. For this reason, the country richest in oil is constantly criticized by international human rights organizations.

Brunei - immersed in luxury

In the ranking of the richest countries, Brunei ranks ninth among countries in the world and second in Asia. Located on the northwestern coast of the island of Kalimantan in the South China Sea, the country covers an area of ​​only 6,000 square kilometers and borders only Malaysia by land. The population of Brunei does not exceed 500,000 people. Almost half of the working population is from outside the regions of South and Southeast Asia.

Brunei is included in the list of the richest countries thanks to its gross national income, which per capita is $ 50,000 per year. The economy of one of the richest countries in Asia is built by 90% on the production and import of oil and gas. Large deposits are located on the shelves of the South China Sea. The main buyers are Japan and Indonesia. Along with the oil and gas industry, the chemical and pulp and paper industries are well developed, and mineral fertilizers are also produced for export.

Despite the favorable equatorial climate, which allows harvesting several times a year and the abundance of tropical rainforests that occupy almost 80% of the territory, Agriculture rather poorly developed. More than 70% of food, like other consumer goods, is imported from Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and China.

Since 1975, the national airline Royal Brunei Airlines, wholly owned by the government and serving about twenty destinations, has been carrying out international flights under the flag of the state. The country is actively trying to diversify the economy by stimulating the development of the tourist destination. The country is extremely colorful, rich in sights with a long history and is literally saturated with luxury. The policy is also aimed at stimulating the financial sector of the economy and attracting foreign investment.

Hong Kong is the largest financial and trade center in Asia

Hong Kong is a separate administrative-territorial unit of the People's Republic of China and is leading as the world's largest financial and trade center. The country is located on the southern coast of China, occupies a peninsula and 260 nearby islands in the South China Sea.

The area of ​​the territory is 1100 square kilometers. It is noteworthy that urbanization has affected only 30 percent of the entire area of ​​the state. Most of it is covered with forests untouched by civilization and has the status of national parks, reserves and nature conservation areas. An important role in terms of preserving the virgin territory was played by hilly terrain with steep mountains, which hinder its development.

The population of Hong Kong is 7,200,000. The density per square kilometer is 6400 people! This is one of the highest rates in the world! More - only in Monaco (18 600 people per km2) and in Singapore (7 600 people km2)! The rest of the richest countries have a population density of no more than 2,000 people per square kilometer of area. Due to such a high number of residents, the ecology in cities, especially in the capital, leaves much to be desired. This is despite the abundance of green spaces there, the presence of large rivers and the government's concern for the environment.

The progress of economic development is due to government policy: low taxation, free port status and complete non-interference of state bodies in regulation market relations... Only a small list of goods is levied with excise taxes on imports: alcohol, tobacco, methyl alcohol and mineral oils. The rest of the turnover takes place absolutely free of any duties and fees.

Hong Kong is the third largest financial and trade center in the world. Revenues from services in the financial and banking sectors form up to 90% of government revenues. Industry and agriculture are very poorly developed, and Hong Kong imports the bulk of the necessary goods.

In terms of the speed of economic development, Hong Kong is ahead of the rest of the richest countries and is inferior, perhaps, to Singapore. By GDP level in per capita terms, Hong Kong is ahead of not only the cities of mainland China, but also many other rich countries - $ 38,000 a year. Despite this, 20% of Hong Kong residents live below the poverty line and in poverty. Social benefits and the benefits provided by the government do not fundamentally improve the situation until today.

Another problem is the lack of living space and exorbitant prices per square meter of housing. About half a million residents live in social "apartments" with an area of ​​only 2-4 square meters! Living in cardboard boxes on the street is also one of the shocking realities of outwardly prosperous Hong Kong.

Conclusion

The industrially developed and richest countries of the Arabian Peninsula are firmly on the oil and gas "needle". Until the reserves of natural resources are depleted and the internal policy does not change, the well-being of their citizens will be ensured. However, this will not last forever - according to various estimates, the level of production will begin to decline in a matter of decades. Therefore, governments have long thought about expanding the areas of income generation and diversifying the economy.

The most backward in this regard is Brunei, where oil export revenues are mostly frozen while creating a luxurious environment within the country itself. The UAE, for example, has long mastered the niche of tourism, and created favorable conditions for recreation, in fact, in the desert.

The richest countries in Asia have done the most in terms of greenfield development. Having created an economy literally from scratch, without having resources, but using the geographical location wisely and by all means attracting foreign capital.

The richest countries in Europe for the most part do not have enough natural resources to provide a high standard of living for their citizens. Nevertheless, they managed to find their niche and firmly established themselves in the world economic system... As for the state richest in resources - Russia - in the list of the richest countries, it is in only 50th place.

Russia is a country with a huge territory and, surprisingly, no less colossal difference in average income per capita in the regions. However, this is not surprising, since the potential of the regions in economic terms is significantly different, therefore, some regions and autonomous republics of our country simply cannot earn on their own, receiving funds in the form of subsidies on a residual basis.

Average per capita income is one of the most important economic indicators that show the attractiveness of a particular territory for living. Therefore, it is to him that the majority of the inhabitants of our country turn their attention before moving to one or another region of Russia. Today we'll talk about what is average income per capita, and what are its values ​​in different regions of our country.

What is this indicator

Average per capita income is one of the most important indicators, thanks to which the well-being of the inhabitants of the whole state is determined. It represents the average income that citizens of a given territory earn or receive. This indicator is calculated from the national or regional income, which is divided by the total population of the state or territory. At the same time, this indicator cannot be compared with the gross domestic product and the domestic national product, these are completely different indicators.

When conducting interstate comparisons to calculate the average income per capita, it is taken Single currency... As a rule, this indicator is calculated in US dollars, but other ones can be accepted for calculations. monetary units... For domestic settlements, as a rule, it is used National currency... Thus, domestic rubles can also be used to calculate the average income in the regions of Russia.

It is important to remember that defining the well-being of the population in this way is not without its drawbacks. In particular, this method has the following main disadvantages:

• purchasing power is not taken into account. Therefore, in order to obtain more accurate data, it is necessary to calculate such an indicator as parity purchasing power;
• differences in the distribution of funds are not taken into account;
• do not take into account the own savings of residents of the state or territory;
• the capital of the population is not taken into account.

So, we found out what this indicator is. Next, let's figure out in which regions of Russia people live richer, and in which - poorer.

Indicators of income by regions in 2018-2019

As we said above, the range of indicators of the average income of the population in Russia is huge. Moreover, nowhere in the world is there such a difference in values ​​as in our country. This is so noticeable that most of the publications involved in the calculation of these indicators, in their news and articles, even compare the regional domestic product with the gross domestic product of the states of our planet. The results are very mixed.

Thus, in the United States of America, which is slightly inferior to Russia in terms of area, the difference in the indices of the regional domestic product is incomparably smaller. The richest region of the United States is Alaska, the poorest state is Mississippi. The average income of the population between them differs by only 1.8 times. At the same time, in Russia, the poorest region lags behind the richest in this indicator by 32 times. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are regions on the territory of the country that, in terms of GRP, are comparable to the GDP of the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, France on the one hand, and the backward countries of Asia and Africa, on the other. So, let's figure out how the population of our country lives in certain regions. But first, a few notes:

• all calculations were made in US dollars, the purchasing power parity was adopted in accordance with the calculations of the University of Pennsylvania, whose specialists evaluated the purchasing power of the ruble;
• the purchasing power of the ruble in the regions of Russia varies greatly. Thus, if one or another product or service in Transbaikalia can be bought for a ruble, in Kamchatka it will cost two, and in the central part of our country - about 72 kopecks.
  This was taken into account in the calculation.

1. There is nothing surprising in the fact that the first line in this indicator was taken by the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the internal regional product of which is at the level of 91.8 thousand dollars. Only a little over 40,000 people live here, but at the same time, 18,000,000 tons of oil are produced on its territory, which is more than 3% of the production in all of Russia. Therefore, in terms of income of the population, the Nenets Autonomous District could take third place on the entire planet, yielding in this indicator only to Qatar and Luxembourg.
2. The second place in the rating of life in Russia was taken by the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. On average, there are about 76 thousand dollars per capita here.
3. The third place is occupied by the Yamalo-Nenets district with an indicator of 50.0 thousand dollars. In general, the top three in terms of income can easily compete with Asian oil-producing states: Saudi Arabia, Brunei, UAE, Kuwait.
4. Sakhalin Region. The per capita income for the region is $ 32,000. In fact, this indicator is only slightly inferior to the United States and most developed countries. Western Europe and Asia.
5. The internal regional product of Moscow is also at the level of individual European and Asian states. On average, there are 25.4 thousand dollars per person here, which exceeds the figure for Portugal, but is inferior to countries such as Italy, Spain or South Korea.
6. The northern capital is located even lower, although here the average income remains quite high. So, on average, per person in St. Petersburg accounts for about 18.0 thousand dollars, which is close to Hungary and exceeds the domestic gross product Turkmenistan, actively exporting gas to the Asian region.

All in all, the average income in Russia is approximately $ 16.3 thousand per capita. In the world ranking, our country is located immediately after Croatia and before Chile. Unfortunately, most of the administrative-territorial units of our country have a much lower GRP than in the above areas. Thus, the level of the Komi Republic is inferior to Lithuania and is slightly higher than the Kazakh one. Kemerovo Oblast competes with Malaysia in this indicator. Orenburg is slightly behind Mexico. Magadan Oblast has a GRP at the level of Venezuela's income.

Many regions of our country have an average per capita income comparable to Ukrainian or Chinese. These include the Tver, Rostov, Saratov, Belgorod regions. Here the average income is at $ 8,000. The Lipetsk region is located a little lower. The Moscow region lags far behind the capital, this indicator in the region is inferior to Turkey and slightly exceeds the Panama one. Residents of the Krasnodar Territory have an income equal to that of Brazil. The Jewish Autonomous Region is close to China not only geographically, but also in terms of the average income of the population.

The southern republics of our country traditionally have the weakest indicators. Thus, the residents of Ingushetia receive on average only 3.3 thousand dollars, the Filipinos and Vietnamese can boast of similar indicators. The lowest standard of living is in Chechnya, where residents earn only $ 2.9 thousand per capita, which is close to the level of Djibouti. Other close republics, such as North Ossetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan and others, are also not far away. These regions remain subsidized, with virtually no production and only underdeveloped agriculture.

One of the steps towards wealth is to develop the right attitude towards money. Money is not an end, but only a means. And using this tool, you can become more successful and prosperous.

In today's article - ten countries that are the richest. The rating was compiled by Forbes magazine.

Ranking of the richest countries in the world

10. Netherlands.

Annual per capita income: $ 42,918. The main "trump card" of the Netherlands is in a very good geographical location. Almost all trade routes to Europe lead through the Netherlands. Also, this country has excellent infrastructure and a multilingual workforce.

Interesting fact about the Netherlands: the number of bicycles in this country exceeds the number of its inhabitants.

9. Switzerland.

Annual per capita income: $ 43,000. Speaking of Switzerland, the famous Swiss banks immediately come to mind. Indeed, the banking sector is very well developed here. Switzerland is a peaceful country that has not participated in any war for several centuries. Swiss products are highly regarded all over the world, namely cheese, chocolate and watches.

Fun fact about Switzerland: For Swiss schoolchildren, Wednesday is an official day off, along with the traditional weekend.

8. Hong Kong.

Annual per capita income: $ 44,996. Hong Kong is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, and in fact it is independent in solving many issues. Hong Kong is a tasty morsel for investors, because here profitable terms trade and low taxes for business.

Interesting fact about Hong Kong: the evening laser show in Hong Kong is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the most ambitious and impressive.

7. USA.

Annual per capita income: $ 46,874 This country has attracted many adventurers and adventurers at different stages of its development. To some extent, this also influenced its formation and prosperity. The US economy is the largest in the world, and has been at the top of the ranking of all world economies for about 100 years.

Interesting fact about the USA: It is considered bad form in the United States to have conversations about politics with unfamiliar people.

6. United Arab Emirates.

Annual per capita income: $ 47,694 The main value of the Emirates is, of course, oil. Before the discovery of oil, the UAE was something like a bunch of villages, and now it is a rich tourist center.

Interesting fact about the UAE: hitchhiking in the Emirates is an administrative violation and a fine is charged.

5. Brunei.

Annual per capita income: $ 49,791. In this small but very rich state, almost ideal conditions have been created for comfortable life... The availability of rich natural resources and the sale of oil are what the country's economy is based on.

Interesting fact about Brunei: the name of this country in translation means "blessed abode of peace."

4. Norway.

Annual per capita income: $ 51,959. Norway is considered to be the country with the highest living standards in the entire world. Such a solvency of this country is based on the rich reserves of energy resources and their wise use.

Interesting fact about Norway: compliance with the laws for residents of Norway is such an unquestioning business that shops do not even bother to install security systems... Video surveillance is available only in the largest shopping malls, but even there theft is extremely rare.

3. Singapore.

Annual per capita income: $ 56,498. Singapore achieved its economic development during the second half of the 20th century. Singapore is now becoming more and more developed both socially and financially.

Fun fact about Singapore: the capital of Singapore is the cleanest city on the planet. Once here, you will not want to litter - a fine for spitting on the street or a piece of paper thrown out by the trash can is punishable by a fine of $ 500.

2. Luxembourg.

Annual per capita income: $ 85,432. The motto of this small prosperous country is “We remain who we are”. Even such a small area has enormous weight in modern economic world because Luxembourg is the second most populous country in the world.

Interesting fact about Luxembourg: Luxembourgers are 100% literate.

1. Qatar.

Annual per capita income: $ 88,222. And, finally, the leader of the rating is the state of Qatar. Qatar owes its wealth to oil, which is produced in large quantities in this country.

Interesting fact about Qatar: overweight is a common problem for Qatari men.