Abbreviations of the Russian Post.
The most common and popular abbreviations of the Russian Post that are searched on the Internet are ASC, MSC, DTI, OPS, UOPS and others.
"Letters of happiness" often come with an ASC mark. For example, PO Box 51 Moscow ASTs, 140961. ASTs abbreviation stands for automated sorting center. There is a special site for the ASC - asc russianpost ru
The activities of this branch are aimed at reducing the time for sending mail correspondence. The Moscow ASC carries out sorting of postal items to the offices of the Central region of Russia. There are more than 5 thousand of them.
Photo report on the work of the ASC - www popmech ru
The abbreviation MSC stands for backbone sorting center.
MSC is the beginning of the mail delivery technological chain. And then follow: post office, sorting, the work of the postman and the final point - the mailbox.
The sensational DTI, around which there are still controversies and fables,
stands for additional technological index and is not real object for sending correspondence. He has no real address. As they say, this is an internal virtual mail "zamorochka" of the Russian Post for automatic processing of correspondence and simplification technological processes... DTI numbers are assigned to various "clients", for example Federal Service bailiffs, and inside such correspondence there may be a "letter of happiness" and a notice of registration on the State Services portal, as well as any other correspondence.
OPS stands for an object or post office.
UOPS is a unitary post office.
OVPO is a reciprocal domestic postal item.
Returned internal postal item (OVPO) are simple and registered letters or cards, which contain information indicating the return address of the company that ordered the service.
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Each employee costs the employer more than the monthly salary specified in the contract. If an employee pays personal income tax (in the amount of 13%) from his earnings on his own, then all pension and insurance premiums the employer pays out of his own pocket.
Every month from the employee's salary (from the amount of salary, bonuses and other payments), the employer is obliged to transfer 22% to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, 5.1% to the MHIF, and 2.9% to the Social Insurance Fund. Thus, in addition to the salary that is given to the employee, another 30% is transferred to the budget. Make payments during extrabudgetary funds the employer must by the 15th day of the month following the reporting month. With a salary over limit value(in 2014 it is 624 thousand rubles) he transfers contributions to the Pension Fund of Russia at 10% tariffs.
These rules are applicable to all organizations and individual entrepreneurs who have employees, regardless of the taxation system (OSNO, UTII or STS). Some organizations have preferential insurance premium rates. For example, for IT companies the tariff in the Pension Fund is 8%, 4% in the MHIF and 2% in the FSS. For certain types of activities for companies on the simplified tax system (for example, construction companies) the rate in the PFR is 20%, contributions to the FSS are paid only for injuries. Skolkovo residents also have benefits - they pay only 14% to the Pension Fund.
For all assessed and paid contributions, employers are obliged to submit quarterly reports to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the FSS.
Previously, all contributions to the PFR for employees up to 1967 were divided into two payments - into funded part pensions (6%) and insurance part(16%). Since 2014, all insurance premiums are paid single payment for the insurance part (for KBK 392 1 02 02 010 06 1000 160).
Since 2014, insurance premiums for the media have also increased by 2% and benefits for engineering organizations have been canceled.
Insurance premiums in 2014 for individual entrepreneurs
Individual entrepreneurs do not pay their own salaries, so they pay contributions in a fixed amount.
In 2014, the rules for paying contributions to individual entrepreneurs for themselves changed, now their size depends on the amount of income received.
Contributions for individual entrepreneurs with income up to 300 thousand rubles. calculated by the formula: 12 minimum wages * 26%. Taking into account the fact that the minimum wage for 2014 is set at 5554 rubles, the amount of contributions will be 17328.48 rubles. Thus, for small entrepreneurs, the amount of contributions in relation to 2013 was reduced by almost half from 35667.66 rubles. in 2013
For individual entrepreneurs with an income of more than 300 thousand rubles. will amount to 12 minimum wages * 26% + (income - 300,000) * 1% but not more than 12 minimum wages * 8 * 26% (142,026.89 rubles).
Contributions in the amount of 17328.48 rubles. must be paid by the end of December 2014 to the Pension Fund, another 3399.05 rubles. - transfer to the MHIF.
1% of the amount of income over 300 rubles. The individual entrepreneur is obliged to transfer before April 1, 2015. Information about the income of the individual entrepreneur PFR will receive from tax authorities based on the submitted declarations.
The fire protection service employs many workers of various specialties and various qualifications: from drivers of fire trucks and firemen themselves, to engineering and technical personnel. Next, we will talk about one of these professions, namely, what is hidden behind the abbreviation "OPS".
The position of OPS engineer, the decoding of the name of which boils down to finding out the meaning of the abbreviation "OPS", means "security and fire alarm engineer". The field of activity of this specialist is quite large, which we will talk about further, but now we note that without their knowledge and skills, it is impossible to operate or update fire alarm systems.
About the profession of an engineer of security and fire alarm systems
How this specialist stands for, so to speak, "grammatically" we have already understood. But what is the meaning of his studies - not yet. OPS engineers are involved in the design modern systems fire alarms or other types of security mechanisms, for example, checkpoints, video surveillance systems, and so on. Its functions are not limited to this.
In addition to the development of fire and security equipment, fire alarm engineers are involved in its repair, modernization, performance monitoring and regular maintenance. It is assumed that such an employee receives a higher education (bachelor's or specialty) in the specialty "designer of security and fire alarm systems" or a specialty related to the operation of security systems.
The purpose of the FSA, their standard functionality.
To make it clearer what we are talking about and what exactly the engineer of the security and fire alarm system has to deal with, we will indicate the purpose of the fire alarm system and schematically describe their functionality. The OPS system performs two tasks at once: firstly, it signals the illegal entry of outsiders into the object (and other movements dubious from the point of view of the system), and, secondly, with its help, the personnel of the enterprise or organization are notified of the detection of fires.
The information received from the FSA should be as complete as possible, which determines the complexity of the system's functionality:
- The need for a reaction to contact-type influences (magnetic contact sensors on doors and gates).
- Monitoring the interior space of the premises - this task is solved by installing infrared emitters.
- Monitoring the integrity of glass on the windows facing outwards (using glass break sensors).
- Control fire safety using fire detectors of various designs.
Depending on the complexity of the tasks to be solved, it is possible to include other components in the system. The abbreviation OPS means systems approach, that is, the unification of dissimilar components into a single notification network. This is achieved through the use of electronic technology and computers, adding an element of intelligence to the system.
The profession "Engineer of security and fire alarms" in the labor market of Russia
There is no need to even doubt that this specialty is in demand in our life more than. If you are interested in details, then consultations on specialty issues are available right there, on our website. After talking with a consultant, you will receive answers to all your questions.
The task compulsory pension insurance(OPS), like any other insurance system, is to provide insurance protection for people and their interests.
In this system 3 subjects involved:
- insured persons (work for the policyholder);
- the policyholder who deducts insurance premiums (to the insurer);
- the insurer pays pensions and benefits upon the occurrence of an insured event.
OPS in the pension system
Insurance premium rate for persons born in 1967 and younger is divided into two options:
- to finance an insurance pension (22%, of which 6% is a solidary part of the rate of insurance premiums, 16% is an individual part of which 0% goes to a funded pension);
- to finance a funded pension (i.e. 10% for an insurance pension and 6% for a funded pension).
Russian Pension Fund budget
The PFR Board annually prepares the budget. It consists of funds that are federal property... Formed by:
- insurance premiums;
- federal budgetary funds;
- income from investing free funds of the GPO;
- voluntary contributions from individuals or legal entities;
- funds pension savings persons who have been assigned an urgent payment;
- other sources.
The budget, as well as the report on its implementation, is adopted by the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council on the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation. The PFR Budget is expressed in the form federal law first about the budget, then - about the execution of the budget, he also is consolidated.
Conclusion
The system of compulsory pension insurance (OPS) was created by the state to ensure payments to citizens and are necessary to support citizens.
For its implementation, a system of contributions for the insured person has been created. This system makes it possible to keep records pension rights each insured, which minimizes errors and inaccuracies when assigning pensions.
(OPS) is a system due to which the source of payments for the elderly is formed. Based on this, it follows that each person must necessarily receive an appropriate form. Only in this case will the pension be calculated as necessary. Let's take a closer look at what this OPS is. Who are insurers and policyholders? What is an insurance number?
What it is
Explanation of GPT: compulsory pension insurance. Thanks to this document, each citizen of the Russian Federation receives a unique personal number, by which all payments made by the PF are tracked.
Under this system, the pension is divided into two parts. The first share (insurance) implies that a person goes on a well-deserved rest due to disability, old age, or if he has lost one of the breadwinners. The second part is cumulative.
There are three groups of insurance participants within the GPT, which we will consider in more detail.
Insurers
Since OPS is mandatory procedure, then when receiving a pension insurance card, all participants are presented with rather strict requirements.
The insurer is, by and large, the chief administrator of the OPS system. V this case in its role is the PF RF. Also, the insurer can be a non-state governing body or even Management Company... However, the last two categories are entitled to carry out activities only in relation to accumulative pension contributions.
Determining the decoding of the OPS and its features, it should be said that any citizen has the right to choose himself through which body he will be insured.
Policyholders
This role can be played by both physical and legal entities... An insurer is an employer that pays a certain percentage to the PF every month for each employee who works. This is how the future pension is formed.
Each future pensioner is issued a personal account with the Pension Fund. It is to him that all payments from the insured (employer) come. Today, the insurance premium is 22%, which is taken from the annual payroll for labor activities. However, if the volume of the fund exceeds 796 thousand rubles per year, then the policyholder can pay not 22%, but 10%.
All paid insurance premiums make it possible to form 6% of the funded part of the pension and 16% of the insurance share. However, under the new conditions, a citizen may not share future payments, but more often than not everyone tries to keep both parts.
Insured persons
This definition applies to all citizens of a country who reside in its territory temporarily or throughout their life. Also, insured persons in an OPS are people who:
- are foreigners, but carry out labor activities on the territory of the Russian Federation (only if there is an appropriate agreement from the employer);
- own a business and are self-employed;
- work outside of Russia, but at the same time continue to deduct money to the Pension Fund.
As a confirmation that a person is insured, he is issued a special OPS card, which is a certificate indicating the personal data of the future pensioner and SNILS (numerical an identification number). Usually, this document is drawn up immediately upon employment for the first job. If the employer does not ask the employee to provide him or draw up an OPS, then, most likely, he is an unscrupulous boss. In this case, it is worthwhile to once again reconsider your intention to work for such a person.
To date, more than 100 million people living in the Russian Federation have taken out insurance.
Does the cardholder have to pay fees?
Since OPS is obligatory view insurance, then monthly to the account The Pension Fund payments should be received in the amount of 22% of the employee's total salary. In fact, the employee himself does not pay anything, since this is the responsibility of his superiors. However, most employers deliberately underestimate wages by the same 22%, explaining that the policyholder must pay these premiums for each employee.
This is very important point... Some believe that if they do not pay premiums, they will be able to make more profit today. However, you need to clearly understand that according to the new draft law on pension reform, every citizen of the Russian Federation during his labor activity accumulates a certain number of points, which are precisely the same calculated based on the volume of insurance payments. If, upon retirement, a person cannot confirm that his superiors really made these payments, then he risks not gaining the required number of points, respectively, the size of the pension will be much lower.
