The question of what to do with money in 2019 is of interest not only to business entities and investors, but also to ordinary citizens who do not want inflation to “eat up” their savings. At the same time, some owners of free financial resources plan to just save their money and another category individuals is actively looking for a variety of commercial projects to increase its capital. In this article you will find practical advice how best to manage your savings so that they do not lie “under the mattress”, gradually losing their real value and bring profit to their owners. This information will be useful for everyone who is interested in the profitable placement of free capital. After reading the article, you will be able to independently choose a promising investment option this year, learn how to protect money from inflation and why bank deposits often do not bring profit at all.
What to do with money in 2019 - the basic principles of investing
For a detailed analysis of the question of what to do with money, in order not only to protect them from inflation, but also to increase the size of their own savings, it is necessary to study the principles of investing, which are universal in nature and are relevant to any sector of the economy.
Increase your capital gradually, start investing with a small amount. If the project is successful, repeat the operation, but you do not need to invest all your money in one thing. Make your own reserve fund so that in case of loss of your investment, you have the opportunity to take part in another commercial project.
Use your money wisely. Don't skimp on essential goods and services, but always think carefully about purchasing expensive items.
Engaging in investment activities is possible only if you have free cash. It means that you have savings and everything you need for a normal life. Only in this case, you can think about how to increase your own capital. It is not worth investing free money in a promising commercial project when your child's last shoes are torn. In addition, do not forget about the "financial cushion", it should help you get through difficult times without loss. The sum of the "cushion" is equal to the two-month budget of your family.
The choice of the optimal project, which will allow you to earn good money with minimal risk of losing everything, should be done calmly, without haste, with the obligatory study of alternative areas of investment.
When investing, carefully plan where and how much money you will invest. It is advisable to always have spare commercial projects in case you have free funds.
Diversify your investments, you do not need to invest all your money in one project. Even the most reliable companies can go bankrupt or be on the verge of survival for a long time. If all your savings were invested in such a company, you will also find yourself in an unenviable position, and investors who have distributed their savings between different commercial projects will be insured against such force majeure.
Many novice investors, after the first successful operations, may have a desire to spend profits on some expensive thing. Do not do this, direct the money earned to other investment projects. Ideally, you need to reach the level when there will be enough large sum bringing stable and high income. In this case, you can engage in expensive purchases without negative consequences for the business.
If you decide to engage in investment activities, remember one of the most important rules of this business - you need to invest money only in those areas of business that you are well versed in. This will allow you to independently determine the possible risks and prospects for the development of the object of interest.
Analysis of promising areas for investment activities
Many readers who have never been interested in economics believe that there is no need to come up with some kind of investment schemes, it is quite enough to put money on bank deposit and easily receive your interest. Unfortunately, not everything is so simple. If you have signed an agreement with a representative of a financial and credit institution to open a deposit for a certain period (one, two or five years), you will not be able to withdraw your money ahead of schedule, and if this moment stipulated by the contract, then they will give you the money, but without the interest earned (the type of "punishment" is indicated in the contract).
But even if all the conditions of cooperation with the bank are met, you will earn a penny or simply block inflation. That is, a bank deposit is a good way to save your money, but it does not allow you to earn anything.
Do not invest in one bank an amount that exceeds 1 million 400 thousand rubles. In the event of bankruptcy of a financial and credit institution, the money will be returned to you, but not more than the specified amount. Conclusion - a bank deposit allows you to save your savings, the risk of losing money is almost always zero, but this option is not suitable for those who decide to earn money using their own capital.
Today, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation know that it is not profitable to keep their money at home. For example, remember how many different things you could buy five years ago with half a million rubles, and in 2019 you can’t even buy 50% (of purchases in 2012) with this money. The economic crisis and inflation hit hard on the national currency. Economists advise keeping at home only money for unforeseen expenses (loss of a job, illness, car breakdown, etc.).
Many readers are interested in what to do with money during a devaluation so as not to lose their savings. The easiest way is to purchase the world's major currencies. By the way, currency transactions are a popular business all over the world, if you are at least a little versed in this topic, then you can make this activity the main source of funds. As for the prospects for this year, even well-known analysts do not give accurate forecasts.
In the near future, it makes sense to monitor the "behavior" of the cost of precious metals. If you buy gold, platinum, etc. this year, then in a year and a half you will be able to sell them and earn good money. The main disadvantage of the presented method is the need to wait for the right moment when the cost of precious metals rises significantly. Sometimes this period is delayed for a year or two. If you have never done precious metals, then pay attention to the next point. Gold can be bought in bars, modern jewelry and antiques.
You can invest free money either in gold bars or in antiques (the latter option is doubly interesting). Jewelry made of precious metal is of no interest, you will buy them as a product (the price includes the work of the master), and you will be able to sell them only as scrap. In order to make money on such operations, you need to wait for gold to rise in price by two or three times, and this (if we take the real value in rubles) is almost unrealistic.
Buying real estate as an option for the rational use of free Money, refers to prospective investments. But this is if we consider the issue in general, without delving into the details. In fact, you need to analyze each individual case. For example, an apartment in a house where the roof has not been repaired for a long time, the water and sewer pipes are in disrepair, and the neighbors are not decent citizens, is unlikely to be in demand. This property will be sold for a very long time, and it will not be possible to earn normal money on it.
In addition, in order to accurately assess the prospects for investment in apartments, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis:
the state of the house;
infrastructure facilities;
transport.
Before you buy an apartment, you need to trace the dynamics of changes in prices for similar objects, over the past five years. One of the options for additional income is renting an apartment. A good form of passive income, but only if you find normal tenants.
Organization and development of your business with the right approach can be the best option for using free cash. In this case, certain rules must be followed. For example, you need to create a company in an industry that you know well, you cannot start entrepreneurial activity without conducting detailed marketing research, etc.
An incorrect assessment of the market situation can cause the loss of all your savings. And most importantly, a business will be successful if you work hard and hard, the stereotype that businessmen only spend money, to put it mildly, does not correspond to the real state of things.
If you are interested in the question of what to do with money now, you can recommend purchasing securities. But even in this case, certain skills and knowledge are needed. It is necessary to understand how specialists in this industry work, to be able to make forecasts of the value of securities based on political and economic news, to have good intuition, and also to perfectly know the definitions, characteristics and functions of all securities existing in the market. If you do not have the appropriate education, use the help of mutual funds.
Buying antiques is of interest only to specialists. This way of using free money can end very badly - instead of a painting by a famous artist who lived three hundred years ago, you can buy a fake that was made a week ago in the basement of a neighboring house (as a rule, it happens with amateurs).
If the above methods of rational use of free money do not interest you, invite your friends to take a loan on mutually beneficial terms. Important point! Even if you lend money to good friends, be sure to formalize this transaction with a notary. Feel free to make such offers, otherwise you can lose your money, and without documents, no one will prove that you provided a loan to someone.
The presented article will be incomplete if you do not pay attention to the Internet, which today is integral part lives of many citizens of our country.
On the web you can:
- Buy a variety of accounts, develop them, and then sell them. For example, a freelance account on one of the well-known exchanges (age 6 months, 2-3 positive reviews) costs about $20, in a year and a half it will cost $100, and if you manage to get 4-6 more positive reviews - $150. The main disadvantages are that you have to wait a long time and you need to act very carefully and carefully. Each profile must be "attached" to a separate mail, no ads should be left by which site moderators can figure you out, etc.
- On the web, you can also organize your business or come up with something new and original. You can invest in creating a web resource, take part in an interesting project, create a universal exchange for the exchange of game currencies, etc.
There are also highly profitable Internet projects (most of them work on the principle financial pyramids), which are associated with great risk, but usually, the one who is among the first participants earns good money.
Summing up, we can say that if you do not know what to do with free money in 2019, first assess your potential, decide what goal you are pursuing (save money or increase your savings), and then, based on the options listed, choose the most promising line of business.
Liked the article? Share with friends on social. networks:The crisis continues to unfold, and we will have to learn to live in the new conditions. It is better to clearly assess the threats and be aware of the problems - this is the only way to live with dignity in this difficult time. The crisis severely punishes the unprepared.
Despite the optimistic forecasts of some economists, the crisis in Russia still continues to unfold. Apparently, we have to learn how to live in new conditions, while the clouds on the financial horizon are only gathering. We know that it is better to assess threats clearly, and not to become like an ostrich, especially since real events will not allow us to remain in blissful ignorance. Awareness of the problems will allow us to overcome confusion and take steps not only for survival, but also for a decent life in this difficult time.
What's happening
West expanded economic sanctions, cutting off the largest Russian banks from capital markets. Fortunately, the accounts of Russian banks have not been frozen yet and there is no ban on trading in energy resources. But, on the other hand, such a possibility cannot be ruled out, since the political crisis is far from being resolved, and it is difficult to call the rhetoric of the parties peaceful.
It fell from $100 to $60 per barrel, and this fall is likely to continue, and hopes for price growth are very illusory (see ""). reached almost the same mark - 60 rubles for $1. A banking crisis unfolds. The Central Bank raised the discount rate to 17%, which will actually kill lending. Today, the rate, however, is slightly reduced - to 15%, but this cannot cause a revival in the credit market. Banks have raised deposit rates to 20-22%, which means that rates on loans will increase proportionally. At the end of last year, inflation, according to official data, was 12-13%, and next year it will exceed 15%. The projected fall in GDP in 2015 is from 2 to 5%.
The exchange rate of the ruble is more stable than ever and still does not exceed one hundred kopecks.
As a consolation, we can say that the crisis severely punishes the unprepared, but it can be useful for those who assess the dangers in time and act.
What to do
1. Crisis is easier to survive with money
Bad joke, for those who did not have time to stock up on cash. If it is still possible, try to provide for yourself for a rainy day. This money should be at hand not for buying currency or profitable investment but for the most urgent needs. Create a reserve, which can be very handy in the prevailing conditions. A financial cushion is your lifeline during an economic storm.
2. Pay off your loans first, expensive ones and don't take on new ones
In a crisis, all efforts should be aimed at creating personal financial security, and not at enriching bankers.
3. Foreign currency loans
if you have foreign currency loans, do your best to restructure them into rubles. This is especially true for mortgage loans.
4. Use free money to buy currency: dollars or euros
5. Forget the fridge
The prices of TVs, refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, etc., which compatriots enthusiastically swept from store shelves, have already risen, so investing cash in household appliances late.
6. Today the peak of deposit rates in banks has been reached
The government is most likely inclined to pursue a tight monetary policy, which allows us to hope for a relative stability of the ruble. Banking system is unhealthy, and many banks are beginning to feverish, and some are already falling. The largest and social significant banks the state will save by conducting additional capitalization (refinancing). Under these conditions, we can recommend choosing one of the most reliable state-owned banks and placing a long-term deposit with maximum profitability in it.
7. Inflation will ramp up, and consumer goods will definitely rise in price
When sales of durable goods, even expensive cars, boomed at the end of the year, similar used goods also went up in price. But over time, the new prices will no longer shock, and trade will revive again. Together with that the price will fall for used goods that can now be sold very profitably. Therefore, take advantage of the moment, there is an opportunity to earn on it.
8. Real estate in ruble terms rose in price before the crisis
When the crisis struck, and the owners needed cash, prices collapsed. Economy-class apartments were at the peak of prices at the end of the year, and expensive properties are selling very poorly. Renting out space is becoming more and more difficult. It is currently possible to buy real estate, but in another six months prices will fall by 30 percent. The chances of getting discounts from cash holders are especially great.
Debt in an environment where you cannot be sure of a stable income is not the most fun thing. Anyway, wait for the banks to install new rate on mortgage loans.
10. Accounts in foreign banks
The political situation is developing in such a way that there is no certainty that accounts even in Swiss banks are absolutely reliable. Offshore today is also not the best way, as their owners are under pressure and Russian authorities and Western sanctions. The requirements for the legitimacy of money and the cleanliness of taxation are becoming ever more stringent. Experts call this phenomenon “offshore discrimination” and measure it out in one or two years.
11. Investing in a crisis can be both a super successful and extremely unsuccessful way to save money.
With a well-formed portfolio and reliable investment strategy taking into account all the risks, the return on investment will allow you to feel confident. It is necessary to carefully select not only the assets in the portfolio, but also the place of their storage, and the intermediary in the auction.
12. Domestic securities in the eyes foreign investors represent a concentration of political risks. On the one hand, there are excellent opportunities, especially given the prices of stocks and bonds. Russian shares fell by 45-65% and may continue to fall in price even more. But it will not be possible to sell them profitably soon, and this must be taken into account.
13. Precious metals
Now gold is getting cheaper all over the world, so consider it in a good way earnings in the short term is impossible. If you have money that you can live without for a long time, this method of saving is reliable. Gold will be in demand when the dollar falters or the global economic crisis becomes real. Economists predict this, but so far there are no real prerequisites for this.
Everyone ends sometime. For now, we will have to live in the circumstances that are beyond our control, continuing to work and plan for the future in the new conditions. Whatever happens, we will raise children, educate them, buy housing - in a word, life will go on as usual. Compose a personal financial plan and fulfill it, earn money, invest and save it to feel as confident as possible. In difficult times, your actions should be especially balanced and thoughtful.
Traditionally, in December we sum up the results of the year and plan the next one. Let's not forget about finances. Let's put things in order, get rid of the superfluous and outline a perspective - what needs to be done in time so as not to be dragged into New Year old tails.
1. Striking a balance
Remember how Vronsky in Anna Karenina sat down once a year for checks and papers, put his finances in order and dealt with debts. We will do the same.
- Count all the money. How much in your accounts, how much cash, how much money bank deposits and investments, if any.
- Make a list of assets. An apartment, a car, a dacha - all large property. How much does it cost? If you had to sell now - how much money can you really get?
- Make a list of debts. By credit cards, mortgages, car loans, debts to relatives and friends.
It helps to take an honest look at the picture in order to understand where you are now and where to go.
2. Calculate how much you are worth
You can also calculate your Net Worth. This criterion is used to evaluate financial stability companies, but perfectly applicable to the family and personal budget. How to do it? net worth calculated by the formula:
net worth = your assets - your debts.
For example, you have:
- apartment in Moscow, with current market value 5.2 million;
- $500 in the nightstand;
- 80 thousand on deposit;
- 150 thousand in bank accounts.
All the best to 5460000 rubles.
Now debts:
- the balance of mortgage debt with interest - 3 million;
- credit card debt - 45 thousand;
- rent arrears - 15 thousand.
Total for 3060000 rubles.
Net worth \u003d 5460000 - 3060000 \u003d 2400000 rubles.
How to use this indicator:
- Do not take loans that exceed your ability to pay. With a balance of 2 million, you should not take a million and a half on credit for repairs and also borrow from friends to upgrade the car. Strive to stay positive.
- Track this indicator from year to year, observing a positive trend.
3. Pay taxes and fines
taxes
Tax notices for 2017 were supposed to arrive in the mail before December of this year. And before the 3rd day they had to pay. But I still haven't received my notifications. And given that I changed my residence permit last year, I can wait a long time for them.
How to do without a receipt:
- Accrued taxes are visible in personal account on nalog.ru (if you have verified access) or on "State Services" in the section " Tax debt". You can also pay for them there.
- Late fees tax payments very small, but why spoil the karma? Let's walk into the new year without the burden of debt on our shoulders.
traffic police fines
I check in mobile application"RosFine" and pay immediately, while the 50% discount is in effect.
It happens that the fine is lost, so I additionally check at the State Services.
And at the same time I’m checking the website of the bailiffs: enter the TIN and see if you have any debts.
Let me remind you that with debts of more than 30 thousand, you may not be allowed out of the country for the New Year holidays.
4. Review tariffs
Cellular communications, Internet, television - tariffs often change, new ones appear, more and more profitable. Our needs are also changing. Let's say Lately I increasingly write and call on the Internet, and I rarely use cell minutes.
Last year, the revision of the cellular tariff saved me 1,500 rubles a month (500 rubles instead of 2,000!). And now I will choose a tariff for 300 rubles. The difference in money may not be fundamental, but why pay more?
5. Review bank cards
- Maybe there are better conditions? We are talking about cashback, bonuses, interest on the balance.
- Maybe there are unnecessary cards?
- Or inappropriate service levels?
- Or maybe you should finally close your credit card?
I closed the old salary card. She dangled in her purse out of habit.
Still refused premium card another bank. I realized that I did not particularly use the privileges, and servicing a regular card would be cheaper.
There is a convenient card selection service at banki.ru: you set the parameters, the service looks for offers. Just please read carefully all the terms and conditions in fine print.
6. Extend auto payments, set up templates
To be honest, I don't use autopay. Oops. I do not like it when money is written off without my participation. And the amounts are different every month. But I have templates set up for all recurring payments and the payment takes 5 minutes.
My templates: rent, electricity, kindergarten and mugs, cellular, Internet + TV, deductions to savings and investment accounts.
You can set up templates or payments in your bank account.
7. Plan for revenue growth
Why not. My plan is to grow by 30% by this year. What number will suit you? Try it on.
What to do to increase income
- The simplest thing is to organize a salary increase. Estimate where you are now, how much specialists of your level cost. Sometimes just searching for
The well-being of millions of Russians directly depends on the exchange rate of the national currency. It is in rubles that most citizens of the country keep their savings. Approximately one third of all deposits in Russian banks are in rubles.
However, today the confidence of Russians in domestic money has somewhat decreased, which is explained by the depreciation, the geopolitical situation on the planet and the state of the Russian economy.
You will find answers to these and other questions in the new article of our magazine. Denis Kuderin is in touch - a full-time expert on financial topics at HeatherBober.
Analytics, forecasts, expert opinions - only useful and up-to-date information!
1. What awaits the ruble in the future - positive and negative trends
IN recent history the ruble, everything has happened, including “black Tuesdays”, collapses and devaluations. The chart of the currency of the Russian Federation moves after the economic and political changes in the country and in the world.
Stability is only temporary. Therefore, keeping all savings in RUB, especially outside a banking institution, is risky and impractical. Financially literate people don't do that. They distribute money between multiple currencies and put it into a deal. At a minimum, they put it on a bank deposit.
It is even better if they invest in more efficient banking instruments - securities, metal deposits, mutual funds, reliable investment projects. In this case, the fall of some money and the rise of others will not be catastrophic for your assets.
But this does not mean that forecasts should not interest you: every civilized citizen follows the quotes and acts in accordance with their changes.
However, not all forecasts should be taken on faith, and even more so as a guide to action. Most of these forecasts are empty air shaking. Even literate financial analysts and economic observers are often wrong. The reason is simple: too many factors influence the situation.
Our task is to find a rational grain in such forecasts in order to create the most objective picture of the situation and draw appropriate conclusions.
Forecasts are needed to:
- know in what money it is more expedient to keep most of the savings;
- earn on fluctuations in quotes;
- save their assets in the event of a sharp fall in one of the currencies.
The collapses of the exchange rate always occur rapidly - that's why they are collapses. And yet, it is quite possible to catch a trend towards a sharp change in quotes. Experienced people do this.
Changes in quotes can be predicted if you are aware of the latest news
Another question - who to believe? Surely you have a friend who likes to make forecasts and knows exactly what will happen to the ruble in a month, a week, at the end of the year (underline as necessary). And another friend predicts the opposite. One of them will eventually be right. Is it worth believing such predictions?
Concerning official forecasts for 2019, there are, as usual, two trends - negative and positive.
Yes, Ministry Economic Development The Russian Federation assumes that the weakening of the national currency will continue, but this will have almost no effect on the country's economy. GDP, the ministers believe, will grow, while inflation rates will fall.
The head of the department, Maxim Oreshkin, names indicative indicators by the middle of the year: no more than 67-68 rubles. per dollar.
But representatives of Bank of America think otherwise. Sanctions against Russian banks and financial assets abroad, in their opinion, will significantly limit the Russian economy. Companies will have less loan funds which will negatively affect growth and development. It is assumed that the Russian currency will fall to 70 rubles. for a buck.
2. Why the ruble is falling - the main factors that negatively affect the exchange rate
In fact, there are several dozen factors influencing the fall of the ruble against the euro and the dollar. A significant part of them is beyond the control of the government. This means that there are no guarantees of stability. The Russians, as always, should be prepared for any scenario.
Consider the main reasons for the depreciation of the ruble exchange rate.
Outflow of Russian capital
Geopolitical events and sanctions imposed by the West against the Russian economy continue to stimulate the movement of financial assets to foreign countries.
Large investors prefer not to keep their money in rubles or securities representing the Russian economy. Ordinary citizens do the same. By not trusting Russian money, we thereby work for the stability of other countries.
The owners of assets cannot be blamed for this, but the fact remains that capital is being withdrawn from the Russian economy. This leads to a drop in production, a decrease in GDP, an increase in unemployment and other "charms" of the crisis.
Game of the population with exchange rates
As soon as the position of the ruble weakens, the population begins to panic and buy dollars in huge quantities. Such behavior is a manifestation of financial illiteracy, but again, ordinary citizens cannot be blamed for this: they perfectly remember the crises and collapses of the last decades.
However, the panic in the market leads to an even greater increase in the value of foreign money. There is an avalanche effect. On panic fluctuations in the rate, professional stock players earn decent money. But the majority of depositors simply buy up the currency at an artificially high price, changing the quotes in a direction unfavorable for the ruble.
Central Bank Measures
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation switched to a floating exchange rate in 2015. In practice, this means that the main bank of the country no longer supports the national money during a crisis. In other words, if earlier gold and foreign exchange reserves were spent on artificially holding the exchange rate state budget, then today National currency must support itself.
The Central Bank has other levers of influence on quotes, both in plus and minus:
- additional issue of banknotes - more money is printed, which leads to inflation;
- foreign exchange interventions - buying / selling foreign money on an "industrial scale";
- issuance of bonds - the massive purchase of securities strengthens the currency;
- reduction of the refinancing rate - the lower it is, the more stable the exchange rate of the national currency.
It would be naive to think that only the Central Bank influences the quotes. The US also has a national bank, the Federal Reserve System. The decisions that this organization makes directly affect the status of the dollar. All other money in the world depends on this currency.
Economic stagnation
The main export item to the Russian Federation is raw materials: oil, gas, others energetic resources. Due to high oil prices Russian economy is still afloat.
The rest of the industries in our country are poorly developed or are in a state of stagnation. This means that there is no development, and serious competition foreign companies our branch enterprises cannot make up.
Economic sanctions have deprived Russia of a significant share of imports, but this situation cannot be called unambiguously negative. No import means that the market needs to be saturated from within. Against the backdrop of external pressure in some sectors of the economy, there has been an upsurge - in particular, in the agricultural sector.
At the same time, a significant share of consumer goods (70-80%) is supplied to Russia from China. This is cheaper than producing your own products, but does not stimulate economic development.
And some more negativity. Most of the large factories in the Russian Federation operate on outdated equipment. Industry is not expanding, new technologies are not being developed, and the income from enterprises is barely enough to pay the wages of workers. Machine tools have to be bought from abroad, and this, again, means injections into the foreign economy.
I can confirm by my own example. A few years ago I worked for a major publishing house. Under him, there was a printing house, on which out of 50 machines there was not a single Russian production - only German, Japanese and Chinese.
By the way, this printing house, the largest in Siberia, has almost stopped by now. The staff was reduced by 80%, some shops were closed forever.
Comparative table of influence factors
3. What can affect the growth of the national currency
Most analysts do not believe in the growth of the ruble in the next few years. However, such a scenario cannot be completely ruled out.
What needs to happen for the ruble to rise?
Investment of Western partners in Russian securities
This will happen if stocks, bonds and other securities of Russian origin begin to show a steady upward trend. Which, in turn, is possible in the event of an economic recovery in the country.
Rising oil prices
So far, there is so much oil in Russia that we export it abroad on an industrial scale. The state of the Russian, and before that the Soviet economy, has always depended on oil prices. More than half of all budget revenues are oil money. The rest is accounted for by other fossils.
Should oil fall by a couple of dollars per barrel, and we will miss billions of rubles in the budget. If the price falls by 10 USD, the Russian economy will fall into the abyss. Fortunately, there is no downward trend so far. If the prices for "black gold" continue to slowly creep up, this will strengthen the ruble in the second half of 2019.
Increasing the rate of national production
Everything is simple here - more exports, good and different, more revenues to the treasury.
So far, economic ties with foreign countries basically torn, not getting better.
The ratio of the population to the national currency
If people trust again Russian currency, like 5-10 years ago, this will automatically increase her status.
More deposits of the population in national money - the more stable its quotes on the stock exchange.
4. Is it worth exchanging rubles for dollars and euros - expert opinion
Experts believe that it is short-sighted and inexpedient to buy foreign money en masse. At all times it is better to keep savings in several currencies at once. Banks have special multi-currency deposits for these purposes - far-sighted investors use them.
Do not forget that ruble deposits are credited more percent than for foreign exchange. During the period of economic stabilization, it is even more profitable to keep savings in Russian money.
But take long-term loans in USD is definitely not worth it. After all, you also have to pay in bucks. Even a slight appreciation of the dollar will turn into a serious debt load.
6. Conclusion
Let's draw conclusions. Analysts predict the course based on an ideal situation. And there are almost no ideal situations in nature. Something always goes wrong, which is why even brilliant economic experts make mistakes in their forecasts.
If you want to protect your savings, distribute them among three currencies. Then economic shocks will affect you to a minimal extent.
Question for readers:
And what forecasts regarding the ruble do you personally give?
We wish you financial well-being, regardless of the choice of currency! We will be glad to comments, reviews, stories from life. See you soon!
In a situation where taxes are growing, gasoline is becoming more expensive, and even the retirement age is increasing, it is a sin not to take advantage of the opportunity to legally receive money from the state literally out of thin air.
Do not pay taxes - forget about the deduction
Everyone has heard of tax deductions. But few people use them, mistakenly considering this work is laborious, and the game is not worth the candle. Actually get it now tax deduction very simple, and the sums in the end can be significant. But you need to remember that the main and indispensable condition for obtaining a tax deduction is the presence of a white salary: if you do not pay personal income tax, then you have nothing to return. The tax deduction is not the amount you receive in your hands. This is the amount of income tax (13%) from which you can return.
There are two ways to make a deduction: through the employer and directly to the tax office. In any case, you need to submit an income declaration and attach documents confirming the expenses for which the deduction is due, as well as a 2-NDFL certificate from work. In the first case, the tax decision on the payment (you will have to wait three months) must be taken to the employer, who will return the amount due to you in installments (every month until the amount is selected).
The second way is to receive the entire amount directly from the tax office, for which you need to attach an application for a deduction to the above documents. Payment will not occur immediately and, possibly, in installments. But, most likely, faster than through the employer. You can submit an application by attaching scans of documents in your personal account on the tax website or through the State Services website. You can apply for a deduction not only for the past year, but also for the previous three years.
So, 10 ways to honestly take money from the state.
Method 1. Housing. Amount - up to 390 thousand rubles
The largest tax deduction can be obtained when buying or building housing, including with the involvement of credit funds (if not involved maternal capital). You can get a deduction from an amount of up to 2 million rubles (you can return up to 260 thousand rubles of taxes paid) when buying an apartment, house, room and a share in them. You can get a tax deduction for the same amount from the cost of building and finishing / repairing housing, as well as when buying land plot under housing construction. Moreover, this amount may include not one, but several real estate objects.
You can also get a deduction for the cost of paying interest on home mortgages or targeted loans(loans) for housing construction, as well as for the repayment of interest on loans to refinance a previous loan for housing construction or home purchase. When buying on credit, the tax deduction ceiling is 1.5 times higher - up to 3 million rubles. 13% of this amount will be 390 thousand rubles - this is the maximum amount that can be received back.
Rarely does anyone pay this amount in a year. income tax. And you can return only the amount that was paid to the budget in the current period. Therefore, you can return the tax when buying real estate or building for several years - until you return the entire amount due to you.
Method 2. IIS. Amount - up to 104 thousand rubles
A very tangible tax deduction can be obtained from the amount deposited in an individual investment account (IIA). Moreover, you do not need to invest this amount (and therefore spend money on commissions). It is enough just to deposit into the account. The amount of the deduction is greater than for other types of investment - up to 400 thousand rubles (you can get 13% from 400 thousand - up to 52 thousand). But there is one caveat: the IIA must be open for at least three years, the deduction can be received every year - the next after you deposit funds. And if you do not want to keep money for IIS for three years, you can deposit funds directly to last month the third year and in the first month of the fourth, after which the account is closed and all funds withdrawn. And after the end of the calendar year, apply for a deduction - in two years you will receive 104 thousand rubles at once.
In addition, if you still decide to invest and receive income, it can be completely exempt from tax.
Method 3. Life insurance. Amount - up to 15 600 rubles
Any life insurance programs - both accumulative (NSZH) and investment (ISZH) - allow you to receive a tax refund in the amount of 13% of the amount up to 120 thousand rubles per year, that is, up to 15,600 rubles. Programs with regular contributions (usually in endowment insurance life) in terms of tax deduction is more profitable than with a one-time contribution (most ILI contracts). In the latter case, you can only once during the term of the contract (3-7 years) claim a tax refund in the amount of up to 15,600 rubles. If the contributions are regular (once a year, once a quarter, etc.), you can receive such a deduction every year.
Method 4. Non-state pension. Amount - up to 15 600 rubles
Investing in any pension programs- and in non-state pension fund, and in an insurance company - gives the right to a tax deduction of up to 120 thousand rubles a year. Therefore, you can get a refund of up to 15,600 rubles (13% of the deduction). The situation with lump-sum and regular contributions is similar to that described above in life insurance.
Method 5. Education. Amount - up to 15 600 rubles
You can get a deduction for paying for education not only for yourself, but also for children, brothers and sisters. Moreover, you can return part of the money for education not only at a university or technical school, but also at a driving school, at cutting and sewing courses, at a ballroom dance school and others. educational institutions. If you pay for your education, you can study full-time, by correspondence, in the evening or remotely. For children, brothers and sisters, the deduction is valid only until the age of 24 for the student and for full-time education, but everything is included: from kindergarten to university.
The maximum deduction amount is 120 thousand rubles, the maximum refund is 15,600 rubles. The same limit on the amount when paying for the education of brothers and sisters, but the maximum amount per child is 50 thousand (you can return only 6,500 rubles). A prerequisite is that the contract and payments are in your name (or a power of attorney is issued to transfer funds).
If you receive a social tax deduction for training through an employer, you do not need to wait for the end of the calendar year.
Method 6. Treatment. Amount - up to 15 600 rubles
You can get a deduction from the amount of up to 120 thousand rubles for treatment, including spa treatment and dentistry, as well as for medicines for yourself, your spouse, children under 18 and parents. Paid medical services and medicines should be included in the appropriate lists. To receive a deduction, you must provide a prescription from a doctor for medicines, an agreement with medical institution for the provision of services and a copy of his license. Copies of payment documents are not needed, a certificate of payment is sufficient: it is used as a document confirming the actual expenses of the taxpayer.
Method 7. Expensive treatment. Amount - no limit
If medical services are included in the list expensive treatment(various surgical operations, endoprosthetics, reconstructive and restorative operations on the joints, transplantation of organs, tissues and bone marrow, implantation of prostheses, metal structures, pacemakers and electrodes, treatment of complex burns, treatment of cancer and pancreatic diseases, as well as complex forms of diabetes, nursing premature babies weighing up to 1.5 kg, IVF), then there are no restrictions on the amount of the deduction - you can get a refund of income tax on the entire cost of treatment.
Method 8. Voluntary medical insurance (VHI). Amount - up to 15 600 rubles
You can also get a deduction from the amount paid for a VHI policy for yourself, a spouse, parents or children under 18 if you pay for it yourself and not your employer. The amount of the tax deduction also cannot exceed 120 thousand rubles, but in most cases the annual VHI policy is cheaper.
Method 9. Child. Amount - from 1,400 to 12,000 rubles
Once a year, parents, their spouses, adoptive parents, guardians, trustees can issue a tax deduction for a child - 1,400 rubles for the first and second, 3,000 rubles - for the third and subsequent. Usually such a deduction is made through the employer.
For disabled children (if the child is a full-time student, graduate student, intern, intern - up to 24 years old), the deduction can be up to 12 thousand rubles.
Method 10. Charity. Amount - unlimited
Acting as a patron of the arts or helping sick children, you can also receive a tax deduction - provided that you have officially transferred the money to a charitable foundation, a religious organization, socially oriented non-profit organization or an NPO working in the field of culture, healthcare, etc. You can return the amount within the limits of the personal income tax paid for the year, but not more than 13% (personal income tax) of a quarter of your annual income.
Total
Now imagine that you have three children, you bought an apartment with a mortgage, own funds put on the IIS, which was opened three years ago (it can already be closed), and also bought either a savings policy or investment insurance life, or invested in voluntary pension insurance and bought VHI policies for the whole family. In this case, you can receive a tax deduction of up to 479,000 rubles. Unless, of course, you paid that amount of income tax for the year.
