VTB - Mixed investment fund. Investment strategy. Main types of investment What is the investment of their types

In this article, we will consider the topic of mutual investment funds of mutual investment and will answer the question - is it worth investing in them.

Mutual Fund, whose assets are invested in bonds, that is, securities with fixed income and in stock, called Paev Foundation Mixed investment.

Compromise between reliability and income

The main task of the Mixed Investment Management Fund is a compromise between the profitability and reliability of investments. The Fund manager must be a high-end professional to extract the maximum benefit for investors with the help of available financial instruments.

Experts with a certain fraction of distrust relate to the PIPs of mixed investments, from their point of view, the Dallenko's managers do not always manage to make the right predictions of changes in stock markets.

But, it's just doubts, and to put them in the chapter, of course, it is not worth it. The advantages of mixed mutiys become apparent on a changeable, but predictable financial market. However, if there is a stable market growth - for mixed investments, this means a decrease in yield.

For investors who, in favor, the concept of mixed investments and those who want to personally manage the existing assets, experts advise the use of a profitable share exchange strategy. In our table, we offer you several mutimized investment mutiys:

The present table is present both open mutual investment funds and interval funds of mixed investments. If you can buy and sell in open PIPs on weekdays, then in the interval transactions are carried out only in the time intervals specified by the Foundation.

Recommended in the initial growth phase to purchase index FundsWhen signs of falling appear, bond funds should be purchased. The advantage of this approach is that funds and index and bonds are excellent with small premiums, commissions and discounts. This approach is good not for each situation - if we are talking about a small amount, for example, 10 thousand rubles, then you shouldn't change the pairs, it will be more expensive. This situation is better than mixed funds.

How to choose a suitable face

Before deciding, in which PIF should invest, you need to pay the time to a solid study of the conditions for the acquisition and sale of shares, deal with the Fund's strategy and communicate with managers to make an opinion on their qualifications and get answers to all questions. Only it will be possible to invest in a truly reliable and profitable mutual investment fund.

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Open mutual investment funds under the control of AO VTB Capital Asset Management: OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of Shares" (Fund Rules are registered by the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia 13.09.2007, No. 0968-94131582); OPIF RFI "VTB - Balanced Foundation" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0962-94131346); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of Eurobonds of Developing Markets" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0958-94130789); OPIF RFI "VTB - Foundation for small and medium capitalization companies" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0959-94131180); OPIF RFI "VTB - Foundation of enterprises with state participation" (Rules of the Fund registered FSFS of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0966-94131263); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of the Electric Power Engineering" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0965-94131501); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of Technology Future" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0967-94131429); OPIF RFI "VTB - Metallurgy Foundation" (Rules of the Fund are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0961-94131104); OPIF RFI "VTB - Eurobond Foundation" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0963-94130861); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of the Oil and Gas Sector" (Fund Rules are registered by the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia 13.09.2007, No. 0960-94131027); OPIF RFI "VTB - Consumer Sector Fund" (Rules of the Fund are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/13/2007, No. 0964-94130944); OPIF RFI "VTB - BRIC" (Rules of the Fund are registered by FKSB of Russia 08/11/1997 No. 0012-46539678); OPIF RFI "VTB - Global Dividend Foundation" (Fund Rules are registered by FCSB of Russia 26.02.2003, No. 0090-59893176); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund Treasury" (Fund Rules are registered by FCSB of Russia 26.02.2003 No. 0089-59893097); OPIF RFI "VTB - Mosbier index" (Rules of the Fund are registered by FKSB of Russia 01/21/2004 № 0177-71671092), OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of the money market" (Fund Rules are registered by the Federal Financial Markets Service of Russia 25.09.2007, No. 0997-94132239); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of Shares of Infrastructure Companies" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 09/25/2007, No. 0998-94132311); OPIF RFI "VTB - Fund of Mixed Investments" (Fund Rules are registered by FCSB of Russia 05.03.2003, No. 0092-59891904). Interval mutual investment funds running AO VTB Capital Management Asset Management: IPFTR "VTB - Fund of precious metals" (Fund Rules are registered by the FSFR of Russia 31. 03.2009, No. 1407-94156211). Exchange mutual funds under the control of AO VTB Capital Asset Management: BPFF RFI "VTB - Russian Corporate Bonds Smart Beta" (Fund Rules are registered by the Central Bank of Russia 31.01.2019, No. 28-2-261). "Mosbier index" and "Index of corporate bonds of the Moscow Exchange" - stock indices, calculated by PJSC Moscow Exchange. The copyright holder of the trademarks "Mosbierzhi index" and "MOEX" is PJSC Moscow Exchange. PJSC Moscow Exchange does not give any guarantees and assurances to third parties in the appropriateness of investing in the financial products of VTBK UA, based on indexes, calculated by PJSC Moscow Exchange. The basis of the emergence of relations between PJSC Moscow Exchange and VTBK UA is the provision of a non-exclusive license to use trademarks "Mosbier index" and "MOEX". Mosbier index and the index of corporate bonds of the Moscow Exchange, calculated by PJSC Moscow Exchange and which directly associates with the trademark "Mosbierzhi index", created, is calculated, supported without binding to VTBK UA and its economic activity. The cost of investment benefits may increase and decrease, the results of investment in the past do not determine the income in the future, the state does not guarantee the profitability of investment in mutual investment funds. The rules of trust management OPIF and IPIF, under the control of VTBK UA, provide for allowances (discounts) to (c) the estimated cost of investment shares in their issuance (repayment). Charge charge (discounts) will reduce the profitability of investment in investment PAI OPIF and IPIF. Before purchasing an investment Pai, you should carefully read the Rules of Trust Management Fund. Get information about funds and familiarize yourself with the rules of trust management of funds, with other documents provided for Federal law "On investment funds" and regulatory acts in the field financial markets, You can at: 123112, Russia, Moscow, Nab. Presnenskaya, d. 10, Floor 15, room III, by calling 8-800-700-44-04 (for free long-distance and mobile), at the addresses of agents or on the Internet at www.site. VTBK UA does not guarantee that the work of the site or any content will be uninterrupted and unmistakable, that defects will be corrected or that servers from which this information are provided will be protected from viruses, Trojan horses, worms, software bombs, or similar items or processes or other harmful Components. Any expressions of opinions, assessments and forecasts on the site are the opinions of the authors at the date of writing. They do not necessarily reflect the point of view of VTBK UA and can be changed at any time without prior warning. Under no circumstances, VTBK UA will not be responsible for any indirect, random, special, penalty or indirect losses (including, without limitation, loss for loss of data, business or profits) arising from or due to these conditions, for the impossibility of using Site or any products, services or content purchased, received or stored on the site, whether on the basis of a contract, delique, objective responsibility or otherwise, even if VTBK UA was warned about the possibility of such damage, and despite the fact that a remedy tool Does not reach its main goal. Without limiting the foregoing position, as well as these restrictions also apply to any claims of third parties for users. Despite any other statements, nothing in these conditions is intended to eliminate or limit any responsibilities or obligations that VTBK UA has in front of its clients in accordance with applicable law, or which cannot be excluded or limited in the current legislation.

Good afternoon, dear readers of the Financial magazine "Site"! Today we will talk about investing. We will tell you what it is and what types of investment exist, whereby it is better to start and where you can invest money.

From the article you will learn:

• What is investments and what is their benefit;
• What types of investments are the most common;
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of private investment;
• What steps to take to start investing;
• What ways to invest personal finances exist.

The article will be useful to everyone who is interested in investment. Useful information for yourself will find both newcomers in the field of investment and those who already have experience.

What is investment and what types of investment are where to start and how to make investments, much better invest your money - about it and not only you learn by reading the article to the end

Far not everyone understands that investing in modern world Everyone is engaged in absolutely. Essentially even education is special view of investmentSince this is a contribution to the future, because it is high-quality education to help find a good job with a worthy wage.

for example, the same principle acts in sports. Regularly engaged in, a person contributes to beauty and health. If he is a professional athlete, each training is investing in future victories.

Thus, investment displays the most important rule Life of mankind. It says: It is impossible to get anything in the future if you do nothing for this in the present.

From here you can withdraw the main meaning of investment: They are mental, monetary, material investments, which in the future will lead to income through a short or long term.

Unfortunately, in Russia, as well as countries of the former USSR, the level of financial literacy is at a rather low level. The result is the absence of the right knowledge of the prospects for financial investments.

Most of the inhabitants of this region believe that only credit organizations, government agencies, as well as large companies can be engaged in investment activities.

It also offers an opinion that only very rich people can earn money among individuals. In fact, the investment can do absolutely everyone. For this, it is enough to have a desire, as well as theoretical and practical training.

First of all, it is worth learning concept of investment . It happened this word from Latin in-vestio. that translated means dress . It is not entirely clear how these two words are associated.

Investing in an economic sense has several definitions. We present the simplest to understanding.

Investment - This is an investment in various material, as well as intangible assets For their increase.

Investments are made in various fields of economics, as well as the social and intellectual life of people.

Investment objects, that is, property in which money is investing, may be:

• cash different countries;
• various types of securities;
• real estate objects;
• equipment;
• intellectual property objects.

In the case of investing, investment is carried out once. After that, in the future, you can count on permanent profits.

Investments help overcome the main economic rule. It states that the one who keeps the cash of the house, their number is continuously reduced.

The fact is that the purchasing power of the available money is inevitably reduced. To this lead inflation, various economic crises, as well as devaluation.

Hence the most important the purpose of any investment which lies not only in conservation, but also in constant increase in capital.

2. What is the benefit of investment? 📑

Spend a minimum of time and effort to receive income is quite real. Similar option to earn money called. It is to such a way that all adequate people seek earnings. Especially it concerns businessmen, as well as manyimier, that is, people who receive income using the Internet.

One of the ways of passive earnings is investment in any profitable directions . In other words, successful investments allow us to expect that in the end it is possible to achieve the main goal of any sensible person, which is the minimum time spending on making funds.

It turns out that a person will have the opportunity to do what it is convenient for him. Ultimately, the successful investment will lead to the need to go to work every day and spend most of his time to ensure a worthy existence for himself and his family.

Instead of man himself will work his capital The investor will also have to receive regular and stable profits.

Many of these statements relate to quite skeptic. This is understandable, given that in our country, politics and economics are very unstable. But it makes sense to stop doubting, it is best to soberly assess the opening opportunities.

Important to remember that people unsure in their own power will never be able to get rid of lack of money, as well as from the heavy yard of the hired worker.

Many wonder why someone succeeds, and others can not get out of the debt pits. The case does not consist in existing talents, high performance, excellent. In fact, everything lies in the fact that some people know how to effectively dispose of themselves, and others - no.

Even those who have the same asses are the same, as a result can receive a completely different income. This is due to the fundamental difference in relation to material, as well as personal resources.

Thus, success can be achieved only if the assets are competent in the presence, in other words, to invest them.

Should be kept in mindThat said applies not only to cash and property, but also to mental abilities, energy, as well as time.

Competent and profitable investments are brought to life the following benefits:

• profit, independent of time costs;
• financial independence;
• free time for family, hobbies, travel and other things;
• a stable future in which you can be confident.

Competently intensifying the funds, it will be possible to forget about the need to spend a significant amount of time to ensure your needs. Do not count what to do absolutely nothing will have to, you will need to study , analyze , as well as to risk .

Nevertheless, sooner or later such efforts will give positive result. As it can be stable profit . First, most likely it will be only an additional income, but gradually be able to become basic .

In addition, in the investment process will necessarily be acquired by invaluable experience. He is sure to come in handy in the future, even if earning a significant money will not succeed. By the way, in one of the articles we wrote, without investments.

Classification of forms and types of investment

3. Main types of investment and their classification 📊

Investments are inhomogeneous. You can highlight a huge number of their types. At the same time, each of them has unique characteristics.

A variety of criteria, in accordance with which you can describe the investment leads to the existence of a large number of classifications. We will tell O. five Basic.

View 1. Depending on the investment object

One of the most important characteristics of the investment is the object in which funds are invested.

This feature is based as the following classification:

• Speculative investments It is implied to the acquisition of any asset (securities, foreign currency, precious metals) for subsequent implementation of their implementation after an increase in value.
• Financial investments - Investing of capital in different financial instruments. Most often, securities are used for this purpose, as well as mutual funds.
• Venture investment - Investments in promising, actively developing, often recently created companies. In this case, it is expected that in the future they will begin to bring huge profits. Read more about our magazine in a separate article.
• Real investment suggest attachment money in various forms real capital. It may be acquisition land plot, investments in the construction, purchase of a finished business, copyright, license.

View 2. For the term of investment

For investors, it has great importance to what period of their funds will be limited in the possibilities of use. In other words, the term is important, that is, the time for which the money will be invested.

Depending on this, the feature is allocated the following types of investment:

• short-term, the time of investment on which does not exceed the year;
• medium-term - investments for 1-5 years;
• long-term - Money will be invested more than 5 years.

In a separate group, you can also highlight annuity investment which can be made for any time period. At the same time, the profit from them arrives periodically.

The bright example is bank deposits with a monthly percent transfer to a separate account.

View 3. Depending on the ownership

If we consider as a criterion to classify a subject that invests funds, you can allocate:

• private investment - investments are carried out by an individual;
• overseas - Funds are invested foreign citizens and companies;
• public investment - The subject is the various government agencies.

There are situations when not all invested money belongs to one subject. In this case, talk about combined or mixed Investments.

for example The part of the nested money belongs to the state, the rest - a private investor.

View 4. Risk

One of the most important indicators Any investment is the level of risk. Traditionally, it is directly dependent on profitability. In other words, the higher the risk, the bigger profit will bring an investment instrument.

Depending on the level of risk, all investments are divided into three groups (arranged in ascending order of the degree of risks):

• conservative;
• moderate risk;
• aggressive investment.

Despite the fact that investors exist, who in pursuit of high profit agree that their investments are at high risk, the majority still avoid high-risk investments. This concerns as newbies, so I. experienced investors.

Solving the problem can be diversification which although it does not help completely eliminate the risk, but allows you to significantly reduce it. Under diversification, the distribution of capital between several types of investment is understood.

View 5. For investment purposes

Depending on the target, traditionally allocate the following types of investment:

• direct investments implies investment in the field of material production, the sale of goods and services, the investor usually receives a part of the authorized capital of the company, which is at least 10%;
• portfolio Investing funds in various securities (usually stocks and bonds), active investment management is not assumed;
• intellectual implies the investment by the management of funds in the training of employees, conducting various courses and trainings;
• non-financial investments - Money is invested in various projects (equipment, machines), as well as rights and licenses.

Thus, there are several investment classifications depending on the various criteria.

Due to the variety of species, each investor can choose the type of investment that is perfect for him.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of private investment 💡

Like any other economic process, private investments have their own pros and minuses . It is even important before the start of any investments carefully examine them. This will help further improve the efficiency of the process.

Pros ( +) private investment

The following benefits of private investment can be called:

1. Investing is one of the types of passive earnings.This is the most important advantage of investment. It is for that passive income Most people are starting to invest. To obtain equivals monetary sums The investor spends significantly less time and strength than the one who actively works as a hired employee.
2. The investment process is very interesting, and also helps learn the new one.Cognition of investment activity is to increase financial literacy, acquire experience with various investment instruments. At the same time, traditional hired labor is different with monotony, in many ways that is why it becomes hated. In this regard, investments are significantly won.
3. Investing allows you to diversify the income received.Traditionally, each person receives income from one source - wages from the employer or pension. Less likely to them add another one or two sources, for example, income from rental apartments. At the same time, investing allows you to distribute the capital between an unlimited number of assets, which will give the opportunity to receive income from various sources. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to increase the safety of a personal or family budget. It turns out that in the case of loss of income from one source, the means will continue to flow from others.
4. Investing provides an opportunity to realize yourself, as well as achieve its goals.Practice proves that investors are most of all chances to achieve their goals, as well as become successful. This is due to the fact that investing allows you to achieve material well-being, as well as release a significant part of the time. This time can be spent on family, hobbies, self-realization. It is investors most often occupy the tops of the ratings of the richest people.
5. Theoretically, the income received during the investment process is unlimited.Indeed, the size of active income is always limited to how much time and strength was spent. At the same time, there are no such restrictions with passive income. Moreover, if the income in the investment is not removed, but to re-invest, the profitability of investment will increase by the formula of complex interest.

Minuses ( -) private investment

Despite the significant number of advantages, investments have disadvantages.

Among them you can select the following:

1. The main disadvantage of investment is the risk.Regardless of which investment tool is used, there is a possibility of full or partial loss of attached capital. Of course, if you invest in reliable assets, the risk will be minimal, but still he save .
2. Investing is associated with nervous stress.This is especially true for newcomers. Often the value of the tool in which the funds were invested, is not moving in the direction where the investor would like. Naturally, it leads to the formation of a loss, even if temporary. In these situations, investors are exposed to serious psychological tension.
3. For successful investment requires a large amount of knowledge.It will be necessary permanent learn and self-improvement. On the one hand, the acquisition of additional knowledge is a useful process and no one will be anyone. On the other hand, this will require a lot of time to spend. Moreover, iMPORTANT AVAILABILITY AND SAMPIPLINES that is not all. At the same time, in the absence of the necessary knowledge, private investment becomes like a wandering in the darkness.
4. The investment process most often does not guarantee the receipt of permanent profits.Very few tools that give a guarantee of receipt of income. Much more often, investors have to focus on the forecast values, which, in case of changes in the market situation, it is not always possible to achieve. Moreover, sometimes private investments lead to education loss . In comparison with investments, various options for active earnings give more guarantees to obtain a permanent amount of income.
5. To start investment, cash capital will need.At the same time, if from the resulting profit it is planned to live with adequate and maintain a family, the amount of investments will need quite significant. A significant amount of time and strength can be made to create such capital.

Thus comparing advantages and limitations investment, we can conclude that pros still outweigh cons .

Of course, it should be solved by the investment of capital, everyone should himself. However, we believe that it is better to invest.

First you can use small amounts and tools with minimal risk.

How to invest money for 5 steps - instructions for beginners (kettles)

5. How to invest money - Step-by-step investment guide for beginners 📝

Many novice investors are wondering as well as how to start investing effectively. That is why then we give the article step-by-step instructions . She will help anyone who wants to make the first steps in investing and thereby achieve its financial goals.

Of course, the initial situation for each investor is individual. However, you can allocate general ruleswhich must be followed, they are useful for all cases and every investor.

To start investment it is required to overcome eight Consecutive steps. To achieve success, you should not pass any of them.

Step 1. Assessment of the existing financial situation and bringing personal finance

First of all, you should describe your revenues . At the same time, it is necessary to determine the source of income, as far as they are regular and stable. In addition, their size should be fixed.

Further estimated costs They should be recorded by articles. At the same time, they necessarily mark the category of expenses, that is, whether they are obvious, regular or irregular.

The next point of financial plan - Description of available available asset . It can be car, flat, bank deposits, land and country sites , securities, shadows B. authorized capital etc. It is important to designate the cost of each of the assets, as well as the amount of profit from it.

After that, it is calculated profitability of each assetwhich is equal to the ratio of profit by them to the cost. Most likely, all or most of the assets will be uncomplicable or additional costs. At this stage, this situation is quite normal.

After the assets are described, it is also important to draw up a list. passives . These may be any obligations - loans, including mortgage, as well as other debts, eg, taxes and insurance contributions.

At this stage it is important to estimate the amount of expenses that are paid according to the relevant commitments. annually. It is also worth assessing the percentage of the ratio of the amount of expense to total amount obligations.

Now the budget should be assessed by calculating two coefficients:

1. Investment resource - the difference between income and expenses;
2. Pure capital - The difference between assets and liabilities.

Ideally, the value of the first indicator should be at least 10 -20 percentage of income amount. If the size of the investment resource has not achieved this value, or was less than zero, before starting investing will have to resort to the measures of financial rehabilitation of the budget.

During the preparation and analysis of the financial plan, you should be as honest as possible, it is impossible to try to embello on the current situation. Important in the budget describe everything exactly how is it really.

It is important to understand that it is the budget drawn up at this step is the basis The future financial plan, without which the qualitative plan will not be able to.

Thus, the result of the first step should be an understanding of where does the funds come from your budget, and also how they are spent .

In addition, it can be understood how many tools remains after making basic payments, and how much time will be able to exist if the receipts from the main source of income will cease.

Step 2. Creating a Financial Reserve

For use in the event of unforeseen situations, you should create financial reserve . It should be understood that he is important not only in practical Plan, but also in psychological. Such a reserve gives a very strong sense of confidence as well as stability.

Awareness that a person has a small supply of money in case of unforeseen life circumstances makes life psychologically much more comfortable.

As a result, the financial reserve is affordable, but at the same time a very effective way to make life more comfortable, and also significantly reduce the level of stress.

In practical terms, the financial reserve ensures the execution of two functions:

1. Payment of regular expenses In the event that for any reason the main source of income will no longer replenish the budget;
2. Financing small unforeseen spending - Repair household appliances, Doctor's services and other things.

The ideal amount of the financial reserve must ensure payment of permanent costs over the period of equal three months before six months .

Store the created reserve follows in the currency in which the main cost is paid. At the same time, it is best to invest money to the bank.

It follows this credit Organizationwhich meets the following criteria:

• participation in ;
• the credit institution is not less than the fiftieth place in terms of assets or is a branch of a large international company;
• a convenient location, as well as the work schedule will allow you to use the banks of the bank without spending on this all day.

For accumulation, you should not choose card accounts, as in this case the temptation is greatly used to spend the means not as planned. Best open current or savings account. However, in this case, too low percentages on the balance on the account.

The ideal option can become deposit . But it should be noted that it corresponds to the following criteria:

• the minimum amount of replenishment must be comfortable for monthly accumulation;
• if necessary, you can remove some of the funds without losing interest;
• ideally, interest should be accrued and capitalized monthly.

It turns out that when choosing a bank interest rate should not act as a decisive condition. But it should be noted that it is neither the lowest nor the highest among existing on the market.

Once the bank and the contribution will be selected, you need to replenish the score to the amount of the calculated financial reserve.

Step 3. Development of goals as well as investment tasks

At this stage, it should be declared that the future investor wants to do in life, what to get what property to purchase. At the same time, for each purpose it is necessary to determine how much money will need money, in what currency. In addition, it is important to determine how the point should be achieved.

After the goals are defined, they should run That is, numbered, descending importance and priority. Thus, it becomes clear where funds should be directed first of all.

Step 4. Determining acceptable risk

The future investor at this stage determines what financial risk He agrees to withstandTo achieve the goals set. Also at this point is determined which situations in investment will be unacceptable.

In other words, some investors are calmly relate to the time drawdown of capital even 40%. Other on the contrary, feel absolutely uncomfortable even if the loss occurs within 10 %.

Step 5. Development of an investment strategy

At this point, it is important to determine for yourself the following points:

• the amount of the investment of the amount;
• investment frequency - once either regularly;
• the occurrence of which type of risks is unacceptable, and should be in advance formed;
• what part of the personal time the investor is ready to spend on to manage investments;
• the forbidden financial instruments are determined - someone fundamentally invests in the alcohol and tobacco industries, someone prefers to finance foreign companies etc;
• resolved, in which types and types of assets will be invested;
• what taxes may arise how they can be minimized.

After the conditions designated above are determined, it is necessary to clearly register how investment solutions will be made. That is, it is necessary to decide which moments take into account, and which ignore. In addition, it is important to determine what actions should follow in the event of certain events.

It is equally important to determine how often and influenced by analyzing the current investment strategy, and under what circumstances should be revised and changed.

Step 6. Stress testing of the developed strategy

At this stage, testing developed in the previous step strategy on the principle "what if?" . To do this, ask yourself the maximum number of questions and how true you can answer them.

The beginning of the questions should be as follows: what will happen with me investment targets. The second part of the question ( if a) Depends on the circumstances of the investor's life and for each individual.

Examples of the end of the issues can be:

• if I lose work;
• if I get seriously ill;
• if the machine breaks.

The result of such testing should be the development of a protective investment strategy. Its main task is to determine the possibilities that will not give up the implementation of the investment strategy even with an unfavorable coating of circumstances.

Many difficulties can not only be designated in advance, but also insure against their occurrence.

Step 7. Choosing an attachment method

At this point it will be necessary to determine:

• through which company will be investing;
• how will the cash will be made;
• how to remove earned profit;
• whose benefit and in what amount will require payments (commissions and taxes).

Step 8. Formation of the investment portfolio

Only after all previous stages of preparation for investment will be overcome, you can start forming investment portfolio . In other words, only at this point you can go directly to the cash investment.

At this step, you will need to do the following:

1. select certain tools that will comply with the developed investment strategy;
2. invest money in selected assets.

Many will say that the given instructions are too complicated, it is not necessary to overcome such a large number of steps. In fact, only the sequential execution of all eight stages can lead an investor to the next result:

1. Will be able to understand the personal financial situation;
2. A financial reserve will be formed, which will help to keep afloat for six months;
3. There will be a sense of confidence in the future, as well as insuredness from surprises and minor troubles;
4. A concrete action plan will be developed, which will increase their own funds;
5. A competently structured financial portfolio appears.

Those who will manage to overcome these uneasy, at first glance, steps can be expected to be confidently positive result from investment.

Verified methods much better invest money to work

6. Where to invest money - Top 9 best ways to invest personal finance 💰

There is a huge amount of investment tools. Choosing an ideal direction for yourself, you should proceed not only from your own preferences regarding the level risk and profitability . It is also important to agree on the way investing with the economic situation in the country.

We offer you the most popular and reliable options for cash investment.

Method 1. Bank deposits

Tip 5. Read Investment Books

Today, the network you can find a significant amount of literature concerning investment. Each of this manifold will find what it comes to him.

Many books are written available and understandable. Therefore, if the author's language for you is too complicated, feel free to postpone the book. Perhaps her time simply did not come. Read it later.

Thus, novice investors should listen to the advice of professionals. This will necessarily help achieve success in investing.

11. FAQ Investment - Answers to Frequently Asked Questions 🔔

The investment process is multifaceted and difficult. That is why many newbies have a huge number of questions.

In order for the novice investor to do not have to look for answers to them, studying a huge number of literature, we bring them at the end of publication.

From characteristics economic essence Investment Let us turn to the consideration of the basic forms of their implementation.

An analysis of the economic literature made it possible to identify a sufficiently large number of approaches to the classification of investment forms, both on macro and micro levels.

Consider the main of them.

Figure 2.1 presents the classification of investment forms according to the national accounts system (in the future SNA) and the developments of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation.

Fig. 2.1. Classification of investments according to the SNA

According to this classification, the following types of investment distinguish.

1) Caido-forming investmentsensuring the creation and reproduction of funds. They suggest investing capital directly to the means of production and consumption items. In other words, capital-forming investments are an investment of capital in fixed assets and in the growth of material and production reserves.

Caidal-forming investments include:

Investment in fixed capital or, in other words, capital investments;

Overhaul costs;

Investments for the purchase of land plots and objects of environmental management;

Investments in intangible assets, such as patents, licenses, research and development and development, etc.;

Investment in replenishment of reserves of working capital.

At the same time, capital investments, which are fixed assets, characterize the volume and structure of capital-forming investments. The following types of costs should be attributed to capital investments:

On new construction;

For reconstruction;

On expansion and technical re-equipment;

For housing and cultural and domestic construction.

2) under financial investments It is understood by investment in financial assets, such as stocks, bonds and other securities, as well as objects of thesorration and bank deposits.

3) As can be seen from fig. 2.1, the system of national accounts in a separate group allocates intellectual investment. These include investments in training, the transfer of experience, licenses, know-how, scientific developments, etc.

The above classification is limited to one classification feature - attachment objects, while the most comprehensive classification of investments is carried out in I.A. Blanca.

Figure 2.2 shows the classification of investments for individual features.

Fig. 2.2. Classification of forms of investments on individual features

According to fig. 2.2 Investments are classified as follows:

1. PO objects of investment of funds

Under real investment understand the investment of funds in real assets - both material and intangible. Financial investments Subject to investment in various financial instruments, among which the securities occupies a significant proportion.

2. Only identify direct and indirect investments.

Direct investments - This is the direct participation of the investor in choosing investment objects and investment. Under indirect investment It is understood to invest, mediated by other persons (intermediaries).

3. in investment period distinguish short-term I. long-term investments.

Under short-term investment Understanding capital investment for a period of no more than one year. Long-term investments - It is the investment of capital for the period over one year. In the practice of large investment companies, long-term investments are detailed as follows: a) up to 2 years; b) from 2 to 3 years; c) from 3 to 5 years; d) Over 5 years.

4. P. forms of ownership Investors allocate private, state-owned, foreign and joint investments.

Private investment - investment of funds carried out by citizens, as well as enterprises of non-governmental forms of ownership. TO state investmentthe investments carried out by the central and local authorities and management, as well as state enterprises and institutions at the expense of their own borrowed funds. Under foreign investment It is understood by the investments carried out by foreign citizens, legal entities and states and the subjects of this country. Joint investment It is a combination of two and more above investment forms.

5. P. regional sign Allocate investments within the country and abroad.

The given classification of investments reflects the most significant signs and, if necessary, can be deepened depending on entrepreneurial or research purposes.

V.V. Bocharov cites the following classification of investment forms:

1. PO cash investment objects Allocate real and financial investments.

Real investment (Investments) - Advancement of money into material and intangible assets (innovation). Capital investments are classified:

By industry Structure (industry, transport, agriculture etc.);

Reproduction structure (new construction, expansion, reconstruction and expansion of existing enterprises);

Technological structure (construction and assembly work, the acquisition of equipment, other capital costs).

Financial investments - investment of funds in securities: equity (shares) and debt (bonds).

2. P. nature of participation in investing - Direct and indirect investment.

Direct investments Investigate the direct participation of the investor in choosing an object for cash investment. Indirect investment Exercised through financial intermediaries - Commercial banks, investment companies and foundations, etc. The latter accumulate and place the assembled funds at their discretion, ensuring their effective use.

3. in investment period Attachments are divided into short-term (for a period of up to 1 year) and long-term (for a period of more than 1 year). The last of them serve as a source of capital reproduction.

4. P. form of ownership Investments are divided into private, state, joint and foreign.

Private investment Express the investment in the objects of entrepreneurial activities of legal entities of non-state forms of ownership, as well as citizens. Public investment Characterize the investment of capital of state unitary and municipal enterprises, as well as funds of federal and regional budgets and extrabudgetary funds.

5. P. regional sign Investments are divided into investments within the country and abroad.

6. P. level investment risk Allocate the following types of investment:

- risk investment - investment in such objects of investment, on which there is no real risk of loss of expected income or capital and is practically guaranteed to obtain real profits;

- low-risk investment - investment of capital in objects, the risk of which is below the average level;

- medium-Russian investment - investment of capital in objects, the risk of which corresponds to the average market;

- highboring investments - investment in such objects, the level of risk for which is usually higher than the average market;

- speculative investments -The investing capital into the most risky assets (for example, in the shares of young companies), where maximum income is expected.

As you can see, V.V.

Bocharov expanded the classification of I.A. Blanca, adding an additional feature of the classification - the level of investment risk.

Other investment classifications are also given in the scientific literature. So, V.M. Dzhuha Allocate the following signs of the classification of investments.

The first classification feature allocated to them is forms of ownership of investmentwithin which they are carried out and final investment goals.

Figure 2.3 shows the classification of investments in terms of their orientation and performance.

Fig. 2.3. Classification of investments in property forms and for the final goals of investment (V.M. Dzhuha)

The following feature of the classification, highlighted by V.M. Dzhuha, are market sphereswhere investments appear and objects attachments.

As shown in Figure 2.4, depending on the objects of investment and market areas, the author highlights portfolio and real investments (capital investments).

At the same time under portfolio investment It is understood by investing funds in the tools stock market and other financial assets, such as insurance policies, shares in the statutory funds of adopted enterprises, targeted deposits, collateral facilities, etc., the investment of such means must correspond to at least two requirements:

Profitability (to provide a high current income or the rapid increase in invested funds);

Reliability (liquidity and protection against inflation).

Fig. 2.4. Classification of investments in market areas and investment objects (V.M. Dzhuha)

TO real, or capital-forming, investments These are all expenses aimed at construction, expansion, reconstruction (modernization) and equipping investment facilities, as well as training costs. capital construction and the increase in working capital necessary for the normal functioning of the enterprise.

The last sign of the classification of investments V.M. Dzhuha highlights ensuring the investment process. This classification is presented in Figures 2.5 and 2.6.

Fig. 2.5. Classification of own investment (V.M. Dzhuha)

Fig. 2.6. Classification of external investment (V.M. Dzhuha)

It should be noted that the author allocates in a separate group foreign investmentBy defining them as a special form of investment. They can be used as an external source of financing and have three main forms:

- straight;

- portfolio;

- target loans at the level of enterprises.

1) ponation:

Production investments whose objects are production funds;

Non-productive investments - reproduction of fixed assessment funds (socio-cultural facilities, etc.);

2) in the direction of use:

New construction;

Reconstruction;

Technical re-equipment;

Expansion of existing enterprises;

3) according to sources of financing:

Centralized, carried out at the expense of the state and target funds of industry ministries and departments;

Decentralized (own and borrowed) - are created at the level of enterprises due to depreciation deductions, Fund for the development of production, rental payments and bank loans;

4) according to the structure of consisting elements:

Construction;

Drill;

Installation work;

Equipment;

Tool and inventory;

Other capital investments.

Classification, given V.M. JUCH, the most complete, as it includes almost all classification signs. The exception is the classification of investments in terms of investment risk.

All previously presented investment classifications need to be supplemented by the classification of investments at the enterprise level shown in Figure 2.7.

Fig. 2.7. Classification of investments at the enterprise level

According to Figure 2.7 from the point of view of the enterprise and, depending on the investment objects, investments can be divided into two groups: realand financial. At the same time, real investments express capital investments in material assets, and financial in intangible.

In turn, real investment represented by two forms:

1) investments on the development of production presented:

For reconstruction and technical re-equipment;

On the expansion of production;

On the release of new products;

On the modernization of products and mastering new resources.

2) investments on the development of non-productive sphere, including the following types of costs:

For housing construction;

To the construction of sports and wellness facilities;

To improve working conditions and improving technical safety.

Financial investment Or, as they are also called, portfolio investments can be divided into the purchase of securities and contributions to the assets of other enterprises. Investments on the acquisition of securities are investments in stocks and bonds of other commercial organizations, as well as financing other types of securities that aims to extract certain benefits. The contributions to the assets of other enterprises are investments in the assets of enterprises-manufacturers, investments in the assets of credit and financial institutions, as well as investments in the assets of other commercial organizations.

The main difference of this classification from previously reviewed is that it gives a real idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the goals of the enterprise can guide investments. In other words, this classification characterizes the investment portfolio of the enterprise. Optimization of this portfolio at a minimum of risk and the maximum of obtaining economic benefits is one of the most important problems in the enterprise.

Fig. 2.8. Classification of investments

An analysis of the above investment classifications allowed for the classification of the investment presented in Figure 2.8, according to which it is advisable to allocate eight main signs of classification:

1) Form of ownership of investment resources;

2) the level of investment risk;

3) the nature of participation in the investment process;

4) investment period;

5) Regional feature;

6) objects of investment and use at the level of the enterprise;

7) sources of financing;

8) Economic goals.

This classification shown in Fig. 2.8, most fully reflects all forms of investment activities carried out by individual economic units.

Recently, it became very fashionable to argue on the topic of investment. Moreover, these are engaged in these people who actually have a very distant idea of \u200b\u200bthe concept and essence of investment activity. Types of investments for many of them are at all the secret for seven seals.

At the same time, each competent and successful investor must freely navigate in the modern manifold of financial investments. Such knowledge allows you to freely navigate in existing investment opportunities and help to make faithful solutions. Currently, the classification of investments can be carried out in several features.

If you talk with several different investors, and each of them will ask the question: "What are the types or forms of investment?", Then the diversity of answers can put you in a dead end. Indeed, you can tell about straight, briefcase, gross, long-term and primary cash investments. Moreover, this listing can be continued for a long time.

All these types of investment exist. The question is only on the basis of which sign they are classified in each individual case. It is also necessary to take into account that there is no correct and improper division. All the following gradations have the right to exist.

The classification of investments may be repelled on the following signs:

• object;
• goals of investments;
• forms for investment resources;
• profitability factor (profitability);
• the origin of the capital used;
• degree of risks;
• liquidity level;
• urgency;
• forms of accounting.

Let's consider the listed types of investment in more detail.

Division by object

From the name of such a classification it becomes obvious that in this case the object of investment is taken for the point of reference. In other words, this is the most asset that the investor acquires in exchange for invested money.

The main types of investments depending on the object of investment are:

• real - the acquisition of fixed assets of production, land, real estate, equipment, trademarks, brands, advanced training of employees;
• financial - buying securities (shares, bonds and other), lending to individuals or legal entities, leasing;
• speculative - short-term investment of capital and cash in government currencies, gold for the purpose of superfast profit.

In addition, the types of financial investments depending on the object can be classified in other ways. This is an investment:

• in physical assets - in the direct development of the company through the purchase of means of production;
• intangible assets - objects of exceptional intellectual property (patents, licenses, logos, etc.);
• in innovative scientific research and the study of new technologies.

At the end of this section, it is also necessary to touch such concepts such as net investment and gross investment. The first is characterized by the investment of financial assets in the purchase of a company or enterprise. The second, represents a totality of net investment and reinvestment process. In other words, the Initial Investor acquires the company. As a result of its functioning, he retrieves the profit, which reinvested in its further development.

Investment division

Types of investment depending on the goals chased:

• direct - investing capital in a really existing business. It can be expressed in buying raw materials, consumables, machine tools, premises and buildings. Direct investment is always aimed at the development of the company.
• portfolio - directly related to the game on currency exchange. In this case, the cash is invested in the acquisition of securities. This process is also known as the formation of the investment portfolio.
• nefinasy - investments aimed at the purchase of copyright or intellectual property objects. This group includes the acquisition of the recognizable brand, as well as patents for any kinds of inventions.
• intelligent - associated with the investment of financial resources in research activities and innovation.

Delivery in the form of resource affiliation

In this case, the ownership of investment resources was delivered to the chapter. In other words, we are repelled by which who actually belongs the cash invested or from sources of financing. Based on such a principle, the following forms of investment can be distinguished:

• private - investments of individuals and legal entities;
• state - investment of funds from the budget by a separate country, which is carried out by specific participants economic activity (for example, the central bank or federal ministry);
• foreign - contributions of capital owners who are citizens or subjects of another state;
• mixed - simultaneous embeddings of several of the above-visited subjects.

Best of all such forms of investments are understood on specific example. Suppose the Government of the Moscow Region put up a certain number of land plots in the Stupinsky and Ozersky district at an open auction. Thus, anyone who wants the owner of capital can invest money in their acquisition. If a private or legal entity becomes the winner of the auction, then such investments will be considered private. If you win an American or Chinese company, then such investments will be recognized as foreign. Etc.

Division by capital origin

Types of investment depending on the origin of the funds used are:

• primary - initial investments that were formed from their own or borrowed funds;
• repeated or reinvestment - this money is formed directly from the profits derived from the primary investment process;
• disinvestment - or investment on the contrary. They are the removal of capital from the investment project. In turn, they can be partial either complete.

Let's go in more detail on disinvesting. The question arises: "In which an investor can go for such a decisive step?". As a rule, we can talk about two situations. First, the investor brings money from an unsuccessful investment project, when it is finally approved to the thoughts of his hopelessness.

Secondly, disinvesting can be carried out in order to invest money in a more interesting investment object. They are needed when the investor lacks other free cash for this.

Division according to the degree of riskiness, liquidity level, urgency, accounting form and other features

Types of investment on the basis of risks differ:

• risks are practically absent - extremely rare situations, as a rule, artificially modeled or created (example, bank deposits in Russia - the depository depositor to 1 million 400 thousand rubles is guaranteed to receive income thanks to the deposit insurance system);
• risks are lower than the average on the current market - conservative;
• the average risks are moderate;
• risks are higher than the average on the existing market - aggressive.

Investors who prefer to enjoy an aggressive strategy often prefer investments with an increased level of risks. This is simply explained. Such investments promise maximum profits.

Types of liquidity investments are:

• highly liquid;
• minivide;
• low-liquid;
• not liquid.

The higher the degree of liquidity of investments, the better. In practice, this means that the owner of highly liquid assets at any time will easily find a buyer at him for the price that in this moment time was established on the market.

The degree of liquidity of assets is perfectly understood by the example of currency from different countries. If the investor has invested his money in American dollars or euros, it was highly liquid investments. They can easily be implemented in any nearest exchanger with the arranged course. However, if the investor bought Bahrain dinars or Chilean Pesos, then it will be more complicated to implement them, that is, the level of liquidity of investments in this case will be lower.

If we put the time factor in the head of the corner, then our investments may be:

• short-term - up to 1 year;
• medium-term - from 1 year to 3 years;
• long-term - over 3 years.

In the form of accounting, investments may be:

• gross;
• clean.

In reality, the two of these term are closely related to each other. Under gross investments, it is customary to understand the amount of all investments produced for reporting period. To calculate the value of pure investments, we follow from the investment gross means to subtract the depreciation monetary expression.

When we want to divide the investments in the geographical or territorial principle, first of all, we should ask a region or a state from which we will be repelled. Depending on the territorial affiliation, investments are:

• internal;
• external.

If we take the reference point Russian Federation, all the investments made in the country itself will be internal, and outside of its externalities.

It is not always an investor independently manages its own cash. Currently, the situation in which capital is given to the third party is widely. For example, on the stock exchange it can be a managing trader.

In this regard, investments can be:

• active - the investor itself chooses investment objects;
• passive - cash is given to the management of a third party.

Popular species of investment

Every year, investment activities attract the attention of ordinary people who are closely related to economies and finance. If you compare the profitability and risks of various types of investment, you can determine the most promising and profitable directions of money. Moreover, most people want to receive passive income that do not require active actions or special financial knowledge.

Currently, the most popular varieties of investment with passive income are:

• PIFES - mutual investment funds;
• bank deposits (deposits);
• trust management;
• non-state pension funds;
• the property;
• stock exchange;
• thesorrow investment;
• venture investment.

Let's get acquainted with each of the listed features.

Food investment funds

FIF offers all its potential customers to buy a share or a share in the investment portfolio formed, which includes securities of various companies. This is a classic form of passive investment. At the end of the reporting period (usually the calendar year), the shareholder receives part of the profit, proportionally equal to the size of the share redeemed.

The selection of securities for the FIFA investment portfolio provides a special manager. The shareholder itself has no relation to this process.

Usually, mutual investment funds forms several different investment portfolios, each of which has its own potential yield and risk levels.

Bank deposits

Traditional and most popular investment among Russians. You do not need to be seven spans in the forehead in order to derive the main advantages and disadvantages of this method of investing money. Its main plus is the guaranteed receipt of the income in advance in the contract. Minus bank deposits It consists in an extremely low level of profitability.

Trust management

In many ways, this method of investment reminds the purchase of a soldering into the pife. The main difference is a personalized approach that is distinguished by trust management. In other words, the investor does not invest in the already formed investment portfolio, but gives them to the management of his trusted face. The key figure in this situation becomes the manager. It should be a legal entity or a specific person, in professionalism and the choploit of which the investor does not doubt.

Non-state pension funds

Data financial structures Offer services in cash management, of which their future pension will be formed in the future. The essence of this method of carrying out investment is not so much conservation as in the increase in the financial assets of the client.

The property

Investments in real estate makes sense to seriously consider during periods of sustainable development of the country's economy. This is due to the fact that during periods economic crises Real estate objects are seriously losing in value and liquidity.
Attachment data is primarily divided by objects. It makes sense to talk about residential and commercial real estate.

Game on the stock exchange

This type of financial investment is much more difficult than participation in PIFAs or transfer of money in trust management. In such a situation, the investor remains to rely solely on its own knowledge and experience of stock trading. Consequently, the risks of this type of investment increase significantly. Thus, stock trading is a lot of self-confident investors.

Thesorrow investment

Investment activity, which is directly related to cash investment in art objects (paintings, engravings, etc.), precious metals, stones, jewelry, and antiques, stones, jewelry and antiques are hidden in this long and challenged word.

Such investments also assume the presence of specific knowledge and understanding of the pricing factors. In addition, attachments of such a plan are long-term and most often require a significant amount of money.

Venture investment

Such investments B. last years Digure specially popularity. They are characterized by investing financial assets in startups, innovative business ideas and projects.

This investment area is characterized by very high risks. According to statistics, only 10-15% of all launched startups become successful companies. At the same time, if your choice is correct, then you can be at the origins of the project, which for several years is able to change the world.

All of the above investment varieties with the right approach can bring big money. Choose with the mind.