The market for organic products is rapidly developing all over the world. Organic products are gaining more and more recognition among various segments of the population. The market for organic products is the most formed in developed countries ah Europe and the USA. According to world studies, 97% of stable consumers are concentrated there.

According to the research company Ecovia Intelligence, 57.8 million hectares of arable land on the planet are devoted to organic farming: most of all in Australia, Argentina and China. The organic sector employs 2.7 million farmers in 178 countries.

The volume of the world market for organic products in 2018 reached 90 billion euros. The largest organic markets Agriculture– USA (40 billion euros), Germany (10 billion euros), France (7.9 billion euros) and China (7.6 billion euros). The global organic food market is projected to reach $324 billion by 2024.

The greatest demand for eco-products is in Switzerland - 288 euros per capita in 2017, Germany - 278 euros, Sweden - 237 euros. The largest share of the organic market falls on Denmark - 13.3% of the total food market.

The growth of the international market for organic agriculture is associated with sustainable development agriculture and the understanding by most countries of the advantages of this type of agriculture. During the year, the amount of organic land increased by 20% to 69.7 million hectares. Australia leads in the area of ​​organic farmland (35.6 million hectares). This is followed by Argentina (3.4 million ha) and China (3 million ha).

In total, there are 2.9 million producers of organic products in the world: 835,000 industries are concentrated in India, 210,352 in Uganda, and 210,000 in Mexico. In Russia, there are about 70 certified producers of organic products, 290 thousand hectares of farmland are certified as organic.

Europe accounts for more than 33% of the market. Europe is also following healthy lifestyle trends while paying attention to the availability of organic products. Germany leads the market, followed by the UK, France, Spain, Italy and Russia.

In Asia, most of the organic production is imported from North America and Europe. The main markets for organic products in the Asia-Pacific region are Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea. The average annual market growth rate directly depends on income and consumer awareness.

Russian market of organic products

The volume of the Russian market of organic products, according to the National Organic Union of Russia (NOS), is 160 million euros and 80% of this volume is imported.

On the this moment There are 70 certified organic agricultural producers in Russia. 53 farms are certified according to international standards, 17 farms according to Russian ones. Of these, 20 farms belong to the field of crop production. About 0.12% of agricultural land (246 thousand hectares) is certified as organic according to international standards.

In organic agriculture in Russia, there is a formed market for the export of organic agricultural raw materials, in this market there is a steady growth in demand and it far exceeds supply. The Russian market of organic products is growing annually by about 10-15%. At the moment, Russia is actively involved in the creation of an interstate standard for all countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Not only the domestic production of organic products is developing, but also its export. At the same time, demand in foreign markets exceeds supply. Russian products all EU countries and the USA are ready to buy, there are orders and competition between foreign traders. Thus, the export potential of Russian organic products to the EU countries is estimated at $130 million, and the global market for organic products - $290 million.

In the next three years, the country will switch to organic farming technologies on a pre-contract basis for specific orders. For the development of organic agriculture, agricultural producers need knowledge, investment and stable demand.

The key factor for the development of the domestic market is the adoption federal law about organic agriculture, which will establish uniform rules, clear the market of falsification, clarify the concept of "organic", protect labeling, and introduce a single logo. Establishing a direct exchange of information between producers and consumers, openness, transparency and the formation of understanding and trust in organic products will also play a big role.

Organic production is a holistic food management and production system that combines best practices, taking into account the conservation environment, level of biological diversity, conservation natural resources, applying high standards of proper

What's happened organic production?

Organic production is a holistic food management and production system that combines best practices, taking into account the conservation of the environment, the level of biological diversity, the conservation of natural resources, the application of high standards for the proper maintenance (welfare) of animals and a production method that meets certain requirements for products made using substances and processes of natural origin.

source: EU regulation 834/2007

What is organic production?

Organic products are products resulting from certified organic production.

Organic raw materials for the manufacture of organic food come from proven sources: it is forbidden to introduce any substances of chemical origin into the soil on which crops are grown for 3 years. Only after this so-called transitional period has elapsed, the products receive the status of organic. Further, organic raw materials go to processing plants, where they are processed separately from traditional raw materials in order to avoid mixing. The main thing here is that each stage of production is under the strict control of the certification body, which certifies compliance with the requirements and standards of organic production by issuing an appropriate certificate.

What confirms the organic quality of products?

The organic quality of the products is confirmed by a certificate issued by an accredited competent certification body. As information for the consumer, the appropriate marking is applied to the packaging in accordance with the standards and information about the body that certifies.

Who can a producer (processor or trader) apply to for certification of organic production?

There are 15 foreign and 1 Ukrainian certification bodies on the territory of Ukraine.

The Ukrainian certification body "Organic Standard" has international accreditation for certification work and recognition by the European Commission and the Swiss Confederation.

The manufacturer can apply to any certification body that is internationally accredited.

Pages 14-15 Organic business directory of Ukraine 2014 at the link: ukraine.fibl.org

Where can I find information about certified enterprises and product ranges?

Ukraine has no single authorized body maintains these statistics at the national level. Information about certified enterprises and the range of products of manufacturers certified by 16 internationally accredited certification bodies can be found in the Organic Business Directory of Ukraine 2014 at the following links (2 parts): ukraine.fibl.org

The Organic Map of Ukraine and the Basket of Organic Products of Ukraine can be found in the Organic Business Directory of Ukraine 2014 at the following link (p.404-405):

Other materials of the Swiss-Ukrainian project "Development of the organic market" in Ukraine can be found

Read more about the most popular organic production standards:

Council Regulation EC 834/2007 - regulation European Union(hereinafter - the EU), containing the rules and requirements for organic production. Valid throughout the EU. This is the most common standard for certification of organic production in Ukraine. Organic products in the European Union are labeled with a single logo (EU organic logo - the so-called Euro-list), which are indicated on the packaged certified organic products along with information about the certification body and the origin of organic raw materials.

In countries outside the European Union, the standard applies, equivalent to Council Regulation 834/2007 and 889/2008.

The National Organic Program (NOP) is the US national organic program. A standard for certification for manufacturers targeting the US market.

Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS) are the national standards of Japan, according to which certification is carried out for producers who are oriented to the Japanese market.

Bio Suisse standards are private standards of the Swiss Association of Organic Producers "Bio Suisse", which are very common in Switzerland, in accordance with which certification is carried out for producers aimed at the Swiss market.

The full texts of these standards can be found here.

What organic certified products are already available in Ukraine?

List of Ukrainian certified organic products:

grain crops (buckwheat, rye, corn, oats, millet, kamut, winter, spelled, spring wheat, rice, sorghum, triticale, barley);
legumes (fodder beans, vegetable peas, field peas, sowing peas, common beans, lupins, chickpeas, lentils);
oilseeds (mustard, flax, camelina, rapeseed, sunflower, soybeans);
vegetable crops (artichoke, white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, watercress, dill, chard, carrot, cucumber, parsnip, squash, pepper, parsley, tomato, rhubarb, radish, radish, arugula, lettuce, celery, asparagus, horseradish, onion, garlic, spinach, sorrel, basil);
gourds (eggplant, hard-core pumpkin, zucchini, zucchini, watermelons, melons, pumpkins);
fruit crops (walnut, pear, apples);
berry crops (apricot, gooseberry, chokeberry, barberry, lingonberry, elderberry, grapes, cherry, mountain ash, melon, blueberry, raspberry, nectarine, blackberry, peach, strawberry, plum, currant, wild strawberry, cherry, black currant, blueberry);
medicinal plants (valerian officinalis, motherwort, echinacea purpurea, lemon balm, calendula, chamomile, sage);
dairy products (cream, milk, kefir, sour cream, yogurt, butter, ghee, whey, sour cream, Adyghe cheese, cottage cheese);
seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, garlic);
wild plants (hawthorn, porcini mushroom, nettle, plantain, thorns, succession, wild rose);
meat and meat products (boiled beef sausages, boiled beef sausages);
bee products (honey);
perennial herbs (sainfoin, grasses, clover, alfalfa)
annual herbs (Sudan grass, phacelia);
essential oil crops (cumin, coriander, lavender, peppermint, clary sage);
tubers and root crops (fodder, table and sugar beets, potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke);
processed products (oat flour, rye flour, corn flour, wheat flour, rye bran, wheat bran, walnut kernel, shelled, polished, split peas, cereal products, wheat lavash, pumpkin cake, mustard, linseed rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, flour and husks millet (mixture), pumpkin seed oil, mustard oil, lavender essential oil, sage oil, corn oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, oat flakes, pea, buckwheat, rye, wheat, millet, barley, millet husks, cereal mixture, sunflower kernel, oatmeal, bread);
chicken egg;
teas, juices (birch, apple), apple aroma, apple concentrate.

How can you recognize a truly organic product?

To ensure that the product is organic, the consumer should pay attention to the labeling, where the corresponding logo of a certain organic standard and the indicated certification body are applied. And also has the right to require a certificate, which indicates the manufacturer (processing enterprise) and the range of products. In addition, the validity of an organic certificate can be checked on the website of the certification body.

What specialized exhibition of organic products is there in the world?

The largest specialized international exhibition of organic products - BioFach taking place in Nuremberg, Germany.

In 2014, BioFach turned 25 years old. In total, the exhibition in Nuremberg (February 12-15, 2014) was visited by about 42 thousand people (41.5 thousand last year) from 134 countries. The BioFach and Vivaness exhibitions, which are traditionally held together, were attended by 2,235 exhibitors representing the food and cosmetic industries. The largest number of visitors came from Germany, Austria, Italy, France and the Netherlands.

Organic food products (dairy and meat products, groceries, wines, confectionery, fish, eggs, drinks, spices, vegetables, fruits, etc.), textiles, cosmetics, educational, research, consulting, certification companies, etc. were presented. .d..

About 93% of potential buyers of organic products were satisfied with their visit to the exhibition; more than 90% of visitors plan to visit here next year.

Within the framework of the exhibitions, a congress was held, in which 6530 participants took part; within its framework, 74 events were held.

based on materials provided by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL.Switzerland), within the framework of the project Development of the organic market in Ukraine

On January 1, 2020, the law "On Organic Products" comes into force in Russia. Only manufacturers that do not use pesticides and antibiotics, food additives, flavor enhancers, etc. will now have the right to the term "organic". In addition, they must undergo mandatory certification and be included in the relevant state register.

In fact, this is the first attempt to establish the rules of the game in the Russian market of healthy food, which is growing rapidly. According to Euromonitor International forecasts, this year sales of such products in Russia should exceed 900 billion rubles. The ideologists of organic agriculture, which accounts for only 0.7% of this market, hope that the law will give a new impetus to the development of the industry. But their plans may be hindered by a drop in income and the desire of Russians to save on food, as well as competition with farm, eco- and bioproducts, since consumers hardly distinguish between these concepts.

Terminology confusion

Russians are increasingly concerned about their own health. According to Nielsen, more than 84% of them changed their eating habits: 53% reduced fat intake, 65% sugar, and 67% increased the proportion of natural and organic foods in their diet. useful products. A wide range of healthy food has already become an important factor when choosing a store for 62% of consumers.

Head of the Association of Companies retail Sergey Belyakov, referring to Gfk data, notes that 28% of Russians are very likely to buy a farm product, and 22% - a product marked "bio", "eco" or "organic". Andrey Golubkov, a representative of Azbuka Vkusa, believes that, in addition to the global trend for healthy eating, only the Russian factor played its role - the concern of citizens about the quality of products.

It is the issues of quality and compliance of a particular category of products with healthy nutrition standards that concern market participants. The executive director of the National Organic Union, Oleg Mironenko, considers the concept of “farm products” to be the most vague. According to him, their production is not regulated in any way, and the quality may not differ from industrial analogues. “The presence of the prefix “bio” on the etiquette indicates the content of bifidobacteria in dairy products, their release is already regulated by the relevant state standard. There are also regulations in the legislation for standardizing production for compliance with environmental standards,” continues Mr. Mironenko.

It is impossible to unequivocally judge the quality of this or that approach to production, Boris Akimov, co-owner of the LavkaLavka cooperative, objects. According to him, most farmers also strive for natural farming principles, without resorting to chemicals and pesticides. At the same time, they often use local technologies and recipes in production, which makes it possible to create a product that is not available in other regions, continues Mr. Akimov.

The confusion in terminology is a feature of the Russian market. According to Oleg Mironenko, in European countries the concepts of bio, organic and eco are identical and refer to the same products. Andrei Golubkov believes that in Russia norms and criteria should be established for all healthy products, including farm products.

Everyone competes

According to Mr. Akimov, the majority of consumers in Russia in any case perceive farm products, "organics" and the assortment of "Vkusvill" simply as natural and healthy food, so all market participants can be considered competitors, and manufacturers' interest in the segment is growing.

Deputy Chairman of the Board of "Rusprodsoyuz" Dmitry Leonov points out that many companies that have not previously been represented on the market are introducing "eco-bio" into the assortment. Thus, the Rusagro group of ex-senator Vadim Moshkovich, a producer of sugar, butter, meat and mayonnaise, plans to enter the segment of vegetable drinks with the Normula brand. Interest in the category in the group was explained, among other things, by the growing trend towards a healthy lifestyle. A major producer of meat and sausages, the Mikhailov family's Cherkizovo group, in its 2018 report, also announced plans to enter the healthy food segment, without going into details. interested in the market and international companies: In 2018, Coca-Cola, a vegetable analogue of Adez milk, was brought to Russia. And PepsiCo is preparing to start selling chilled gazpacho soups under the Alvalle brand here.

There is also growing interest in organic farming. According to Oleg Mironenko, in 2018 the union received about 30 applications from new companies, and this year their number may exceed one hundred. Crocus Group developer Aras Agalarov (ranks 54th in the Forbes rating with a fortune of $1.8 billion) has begun growing organic apples in the Moscow region.

So far, the most prominent player in the organic products market in the Russian Federation is the AgriVolga holding of the top manager of Interros and the general director of the Rosa Khutor resort, Sergei Bachin. AgriVolga produces dairy and meat products in the Yaroslavl Region and operates the Ugleche Pole. Organic Market. As follows from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, Tatyana Volkova, ex-general director of Capital LLC associated with the holding, also owns 51% and heads Organic Expert LLC, which certifies producers according to organic standards. In AgriVolga they say that they are not connected with Organic Expert.

Health Sellers

The healthy food trend stimulates not only manufacturers, but also retail chains. According to Knight Frank, over the past three years, the largest growth in Moscow was shown by grocery retail in healthy food formats and farm products. In 2015–2018, the number of outlets increased by almost 3.5 times, to 714 stores. The largest player is Vkusvill, which managed 480 facilities at the end of the period. Among its competitors are Myasnov (200 points), as well as Garden City, LavkaLavka, Fresh Market 77, Middle Hills and Coal Field. Organic Market”, each of which had up to ten stores. So far, the format is best represented in the capital market. According to Victoria Kamlyuk, director of street retail at Knight Frank, the share of healthy lifestyle adherents in Moscow is especially high due to a wider range of products and better customer satisfaction.

Large retail chains are also paying more and more attention to the development of green product categories. The areas of fresh zones are expanding, separate racks and zones for farm products are allocated in the “shop-in-shop” format, Sergei Belyakov lists. Auchan says that in 2018 the assortment of the Bio department grew by 150 SKUs due to local suppliers and imports. Azbuka Vkusa intends to increase the share of healthy food products from 25% to 80% within three years. Perekrestok (part of the X5 Retail Group) plans to expand its range of ecological products under its private label, says chain director Dmitry Medvedev. Now under STM “Market. Zelenaya liniya” there are about 160 items of dairy products, cheeses and baby food. The Eco.Bio.Vegan department operates in 14 Globus hypermarkets with an assortment of 1.2 thousand SKUs, and the offer is expanding, says a representative of the network.

As Victoria Kamlyuk points out, the big chains' focus on healthy eating could limit the growth potential of specialty stores. Points will continue to open, but the pace will be low, Mr. Mironenko echoes. According to his forecasts, the structure of sales of organic products in Russia will be built by analogy with the world, where about 50% of such products are sold through the largest networks.

organic growth

Oleg Mironenko is optimistic about the market development prospects. According to his estimates, in Russia, about 25% of the population can be attributed to potential regular consumers of "organic", and in ten years, annual sales in this segment of the healthy food market alone can grow to € 5 billion. The geography is also expanding, the expert says. Two years ago, more than 90% of demand was in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and the rest - in the regions, and today the share of these cities has dropped to 80% and continues to fall, says Mr. Mironenko.

But Victoria Kamlyuk warns that the further pace of development of the healthy food market in the Russian Federation will largely depend on the availability of products. For comparison: LavkaLavka sells Belper Knolle cheese for 240 rubles. for 100 g. A similar variety in Vkusville is presented at 198 rubles. per pack 130 g. The cost of a similar product in Ugleche Pole. Organic market" - 310 rubles. for 130 Mrs. Kamluk emphasizes that Russians' consumer confidence indexes have begun to decline again. According to Nielsen and The Conference Board, in the fourth quarter of 2018, the consumer confidence index of Russians dropped from 67 to 65 points, and worries about rising food prices came to the fore: the share of consumers concerned about this issue increased by 12 percentage points (p. to 35%, reaching a maximum since mid-2016.

On April 4, Rosstat reported that the index of consumer confidence of Russians in the first quarter increased by 1 percentage point. But, Boris Akimov notes, the decline purchasing power and a significant drop in income. Today, 10% of the largest food producers receive 90% of all preferential loans from the state, which allows them to keep relatively low prices, Mr. Akimov explains, while farmers do not have access to cheap financing, which is why their products are more expensive. In addition, according to Boris Akimov, the price is also affected by extremely small production volumes: the share of artisan cheeses on the market does not exceed 1%.

Oleg Mironenko agrees that organic milk in Russia can cost twice as much as industrial milk, but he believes that the situation will change. Today in Russia, only about 100 companies are certified according to organic standards - this is a drop in the ocean for a market with a population of 145 million people, he points out. At the same time, the expert continues, a significant share in the cost is formed due to the import of biological preparations and fertilizers. In general, Mr. Mironenko predicts, with the development of the market, organic products in Russia will cost an average of 15-30% more than industrial ones. Dmitry Leonov is sure that serious success in the development of the healthy food market in the Russian Federation can be achieved only with an increase in the standard of living.

Until recently, one of the problems of the organic food market was the lack of legislative production standards. Without them, it was difficult to talk about the market as such, since the products often positioned as “bio” were not such. In an effort to earn more - and as a rule, organic products can cost 1.5-2 times more - some manufacturers deceived the consumer, discrediting products and conscientious eco-farms. In early August, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the adoption of the Law on Organic Products, which will come into force on January 1, 2020.

Transition period

The document introduces the concepts of organic products and their manufacturers and regulates the norms of production, storage, transportation, labeling and sale. The law also defines organic agriculture. It already contains a list of requirements for the release of bioproducts, which contains 11 items. For example, it can only be produced, stored and transported separately from non-organic goods. Producers are prohibited from using agrochemicals, pesticides, antibiotics, growth stimulants for animals, hormonal preparations, except for those permitted by current standards. You can not use cloning and genetic engineering methods, as well as transplantation of embryos in animal husbandry. In crop production, organic products will be prohibited from growing in hydroponics. The law also prohibits the use of packaging made of materials that can lead to product and environmental pollution, including polyvinyl chloride.

Manufacturers will be able to voluntarily certify production and goods to establish compliance with national, interstate and international standards. After that, they will be able to use the label, which will be the hallmark of organic products. The law also provides for the creation of a publicly available unified state register of organic producers, which will be maintained by Ministry of Agriculture. The document also establishes the provision on state support for organic producers. “The law is in line with our expectations. Most of the points indicated in it are brought into line with the world organic legislation,” says Oleg Mironenko, executive director of the National Organic Union. The market for organic products is one of the most promising, says Mikhail Privezentsev, Executive Director (NSZ). “The new document creates strong legal conditions for this industry in Russia and protects its producers,” he says.

Despite the positive expectations from the adoption of the law, there is still no clear understanding of how the document in practice will affect the further development of the organic movement, Mironenko draws attention. Although the appearance of the document is an important step for the development of the country's eco-cluster, it will only work fully if there are all by-laws and a well-built system for their implementation and control, he adds. An important aspect will be the support of the industry from the state. “A transitional period of one and a half years between the adoption of the law and its entry into force is needed so that we can get into the budget of the state program to support the agro-industrial complex both at the federal and regional levels without additional efforts,” the expert comments. — We know what support measures we need, so we expect that our wishes will be taken into account both by the agro-industrial complex development program, which is valid until 2020, and the new one, which will come into force in 2021. By that time, we will understand how the law works, and we will be able to introduce corrected proposals into the new state program.”

The transition period, according to Mironenko, is also necessary for the formation of the certification system. “It is written in the law that certificates must be issued to manufacturers by companies accredited in the national accreditation system. So far, only Rosakkreditatsiya has such a right, he knows. — It took nine months for the accreditation process of the first company — a certifier for the production of bioproducts "Organic Expert". Accordingly, the minimum period for accreditation of certifying organizations will be 6-9 months.” Thus, before the entry into force of the law, several more accredited companies may have time to enter the certification market, the expert hopes.

In addition, according to the new law, a register of organic producers should be created and filled in Russia, which, according to Mironenko, will also take at least six months. “In September 2019, we can already see a test version of the registry, we will have several months to evaluate how it works, test it, and from January 1, 2020, this database will already function as usual,” he calculates .

Greenwashing - no

If before the adoption of the law, market participants existed only de facto, now they exist de jure, emphasizes Oleg Mironenko. Important point is that with the entry into force of the law, the state has mechanisms to protect the market from "greenwashing" - unscrupulous producers who call organic products that are not organic. “Now in the administrative code there is a clause that speaks of punishment for misleading the consumer,” he recalls. - The fine for a legal entity for this violation ranges from 100 thousand to 500 thousand rubles. upon initial discovery. It is necessary to make this item work in the field of organics: the main thing is to give Rospotrebnadzor a mechanism for checking the organic shelf, and the law, together with by-laws, will allow this to be done, ”the expert is sure.

In Russia, there are two organic GOSTs that relate to the terms, definitions and rules of certification, said Sergei Korshunov, chairman of the board of the Union of Organic Farming. In addition, on the territory of our country, an interstate standard is recognized that is in force at the level of the EAEU. For the recognition of European and American standards of the international level, it is necessary to carry out work to harmonize them with the Russian GOST. “There are voluntary certification systems, and according to our law they should be based on Russian GOST, otherwise Rosstandart will not accept them,” the expert explains. “Prescribing a document and having it approved by a certification body is a difficult task, but it can be solved, but far from all organizations can fully check the manufacturer.” A number of them do not have a permit issued by the Federal Accreditation Service or technical capabilities for this, so certificates are still issued without verification of the entrepreneur. Organic agricultural production and the standards adopted in the new law imply at least two visits of the certifying body to the enterprise and documentary control, Korshunov knows. Market participants should show production itself, report on the volume of products produced, demonstrate what technological means are used for this, and not just receive certificates for money, he adds.

With the adoption of the law begins to take shape legal basis for efficient production and sale of organic agricultural products, says Elena Vorontsova, head of farm products at Azbuka Vkusa. Thus, domestic farmers will reach a qualitatively new level development, and the agricultural sector will become more interesting for investors. “The law is certainly needed, since there is a lot of falsification on the market now, and the document will provide a legal opportunity to fight unscrupulous producers who mislead consumers,” says the executive director of the Savinskaya Niva enterprise (production of organic beef in the Kaluga region, part of into the holding EkoNiva”) Anatoly Nakaryakov. So far, attempts to get rid of counterfeit products on the market have not been particularly successful. Although some retail chains say that they control eco-enterprises, according to the top manager, this is not the same as monitoring them at the state level, both by checking the accounts and going directly to the fields. Before the appearance of organic products on the shelf of Azbuka Vkusa, the supplier is always asked for a certificate confirming its bioorigin, says Vorontsova. “Basically, manufacturers work according to the standards of large European companies: AB, Ecocert, Kiwa BCS, but there are also Russian certificates,” she says. — The Organic/Bio label, assigned by an accredited certification body, confirms that the products are manufactured in accordance with international requirements towards organic agriculture.

The adopted law, Nakaryakov believes, will enable enterprises to receive regional and federal support. But it will work only when the entire chain is fully functional - from the producer to the processor and sellers. “It makes no sense, for example, to grow grain when there are no certified organic bakeries, flour mills, no retailers who are ready to highlight organic products on the shelf,” he says. “So far, even large premium chains do not put organic products on separate stands, and as a result they are lost.”

The appearance of the law is the next step in the development of organic production in Russia, the general director of the TDS-Group agricultural holding (Tomsk region, organic crop production) Stanislav Guryev agrees with the rest. “Moreover, the step is important and hard-won. Suffering, because it took several years to get there, and important, because it not only regulates many aspects of organic production, but also gives the regions a “green light” to develop their own development programs and develop state support measures, taking into account local priorities,” he explains. According to the top manager, among the support measures, first of all, should include the inclusion of organic production in the priorities for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the long term. “This is important for the country both in terms of the health of the nation and in terms of increasing the export of agricultural products,” Guriev thinks.

According to Anatoly Nakaryakov from Savinskaya Niva, stores specializing in the sale of a group of environmentally friendly goods should appear in the country. After all, the sale of the same organic fruit and vegetable products in networks according to standards necessarily requires separate packaging so that the consumer can separate it from other vegetables and fruits and so that the seller does not have the temptation to mix them. At the same time, the consumer, buying this category goods, he wants to choose them himself from large boxes, where they are sold by weight. In the case of organic products, this can only be done in specialized stores, which are practically non-existent in Russia now.

What now

The volume of the Russian market of organic products is still small. There are no official statistics, but the National Organic Union estimated it at €160 million in 2017. Of this volume, only 20% of domestic bio-products account for, the remaining 80% are imported from abroad. The Union of Organic Farming calls a smaller figure - $ 120 million, but confirms that most of the products are of foreign origin.

Less than 1% of all agricultural enterprises are engaged in the production of organic products in Russia, says Vorontsova. At the same time, our organic market is now several times smaller than in other countries, she draws attention. The global turnover of such goods is about $100 billion. “We have a serious potential for the development of production and export of organic products,” the head is sure. “However, for its disclosure, consulting work is required with enterprises aiming to switch to the production of eco-products, as well as the availability of finance to equip farms with the necessary equipment.” In general, the introduction of organic production and resource-saving technologies in agriculture, including minimum and “zero” tillage, can stimulate the development of peasant farms and increase employment in agricultural regions, she adds.

Until recently, the number of organic producers has grown extremely slowly - from 5 to 10 enterprises per year, Oleg Mironenko knows. For example, in 2017, only six new eco-farms appeared. However, this year the pace has accelerated. If in April, according to the Union of Organic Farming, there were only 70 such companies, by the end of summer their number increased to 86.

According to the expert's observations, the most active in the organic direction in Lately development of the dairy industry. In second place is the fruit and vegetable sector. The meat cluster also demonstrates good growth dynamics, mainly due to large companies- such as " AgriVolga"And" Savinskaya Niva ", notes Mironenko. The cereal and grain industries are also starting to pick up, with grain producers more focused on exports than on domestic sales, since prices offered abroad are much higher than domestic ones.

Worldwide, the share of organics is from 5 to 15% of the total supply of certain food products, draws attention to the chairman of the board (“”) Andriy Danilenko. In Russia, the share of organic dairy products is still meager - much less than 1%, but after the entry into force of the law, it will grow more actively, he believes. Domestic producers operating in this segment also have good opportunities to export. For example, China buys organic dairy products in large quantities, the expert knows. "In Russia, very good ecology, but it should be understood that it is necessary to position our country in international markets precisely as a favorable region in this sense, then demand will grow, ”Danilenko thinks. Now the organic segment mainly produces basic products - drinking milk, cottage cheese, sour cream. Such trends will continue in the future: the niche will develop precisely due to an increase in the production of traditional goods. “But in any case, this is a more expensive product, therefore, it will not be affordable for the entire population,” the expert notes.

In the generally accepted world practice, organic production is mainly the lot of small enterprises, says Privezentsev. For them, this is an opportunity not just to survive, but to fully compete with agro-industrial giants due to the high quality of products. “In Russia, organic production is often carried out by agricultural holdings, because small companies do not have enough resources to restructure their work,” he comments. According to the expert, only the process of preparing the soil for the transition from industrial to organic production takes at least three years. In the West, part of the risks associated with crop failure, as well as the costs of the transition period (according to the rules, it is 24 months, during which the land is restored after the use of pesticides and chemicals), is assumed by the state. There, farmers are given subsidies per hectare or per head of animal, or even reimbursed for certification costs, Privezentsev knows. “Only the adoption of such support measures in Russia will be able to make the process of transition to bioproduction, including small farms, more massive,” he is sure.

It is really very difficult for the organic sector to survive without state support, Andrey Kolmakov, the former CEO of the organic company EcoRos, agrees. “We started investing in the construction of a 30-hectare greenhouse complex for the production of organic vegetables in the Tver region in 2010, but in 2014 the project had to be suspended because there was no support from the state,” he says. When the new law comes into force, the investor can resume its construction, Kolmakov believes, because the project was, in his opinion, "really interesting and profitable." “The main crops that we were going to grow according to the Dutch technology without the use of fertilizers prohibited in organic farming are tomatoes and cucumbers, as well as eggplants, zucchini, greens. Tomato would produce four crops a year, cucumber up to five, 115 kg/m² annually,” he says. It was assumed that the yield would be high due to the use of organic fertilizers. Next to the greenhouse, according to the plan, there should have been a complex for growing fish for 300 tons per year, and the water in which they live would be used for irrigation.

"The first eco-farm of Kuban"

Terminological aspect

Before the adoption of the law in Russia there was no unified terminology for the definition of environmentally friendly products. Three concepts were used to designate it: "eco", "bio" and "organic". Oleg Mironenko from the National Organic Union explains that, according to the IFOAM definition, these definitions are equivalent in the world, but in practice three concepts cannot operate simultaneously in one country, one is established for each state. In the standards of all English-speaking countries or states where English is a second language, for example, in India and China, the term "organic" is used, the expert knows. The exception is European legislation, worked out for all EU countries. This standard says that the concepts of "eco", "bio" and "organic" are identical, but at the same time there is an appendix to the law that assigns a certain name to each country. Due to the fact that the EU is one market with a single movement of products, all goods coming, for example, from Germany with the label "bio" and "eco" on the shelves of Italian stores are fixed there as "organic".

V Russian law the name “organic” is also fixed, and now the question arises of mutual recognition of our terminology by other countries. “As soon as we sign an agreement, for example, with the EU on the recognition by our countries of each other’s standards, we will make an addition to our document that products from European countries with the names “eco” and “bio” correspond to the Russian “organic”. And then we will introduce the equivalence of all three concepts on the territory of Russia,” says Mironenko.

The market has room to grow

Almost all experts and market participants are confident that the entry into force of the law will contribute to the growth of organic production in Russia. However, the law itself only launches the development of the industry. One of the paragraphs of the document states that there should be state support in the sector, says Oleg Mironenko. “If it is in the required volume, then we will see a surge in production, as it has been in European countries since 1992,” he said. Although even if the state indicates its support only in words, the market will also develop, albeit at a slower pace, the expert thinks.

With a population of 144 million people in Russia, 86 organic producers are very few, Mironenko notes. “In the same Lithuania, there are about 3 million people, which account for 2.4 thousand producers of eco-products,” he knows. “With an annual growth of 10 enterprises, we will only be able to catch up with our neighbors in 200 years, and in order to get closer to the advanced organic countries, we need to achieve growth dynamics of at least 200-300, and preferably a thousand companies per year.” And this is real, the expert believes. For example, since the late 1990s, Germany has grown in the number of producers and processors of organic products from 500 to a thousand enterprises annually. Now the country is the second in the world in terms of consumption of eco-products (about €9 billion), and makes them worth €1.8 billion, using just over 1 million hectares for production. “There are 34 million hectares of free arable land in our country, of which 12 million hectares can be introduced for organic production fairly quickly,” says Mironenko. After the adoption of the law, the number of certified producers of organic products in Russia should increase to at least one and a half to two thousand, and the share of organics in the total agricultural production - up to 5-6%, as in Ukraine, Korshunov believes.

According to the NHA, currently in Russia about 250 thousand hectares of agricultural land are certified as organic according to international standards, which is less than a percent of total area arable land of the country. More than a third of certified organic farmers work in the field of crop production. Among the products produced, such agricultural crops as wheat, barley, rye, soybeans, rapeseed, and peas are in demand. “But we could also grow corn, sunflower, buckwheat, millet, etc.,” Privezentsev points out.

TDS-Group is already growing wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, rapeseed and oilseed flax according to the organic standards of the European Union and the USA, mastering the production of soybeans, corn and a number of other crops. There are no special visual differences between organic products and those grown using intensive technology, Guryev notes. “The fundamental difference is that our products do not contain pesticides, since neither “chemistry” nor mineral fertilizers are used in their cultivation,” he adds. Now the company's bioproducts are shipped only for export - to the EU and the USA.

Russia's share in the world market for all organics is extremely small - 0.15%, Privezentsev continues. This is largely due to the fact that 95% of Russian investments in this sector are private, the state practically does not participate in the development of this area of ​​agriculture. In order for organic production to be sustainable, it must occupy at least 10-15% of the market. “The consumption of eco-products is growing at a good pace, and in order to put the situation on the market in order, we must increase the number of certified enterprises by several hundred a year,” the expert agrees with Mironenko.

According to Executive Director Mikhail Glushkov, Russia has “limitless opportunities” for growing organic fruits and vegetables due to the large amount of free arable land potentially suitable for such production. “At the same time, we must understand that agricultural production is primarily a business, the main goal of which is to make a profit. When growing organic products, the yield and gross harvest are significantly reduced, which increases the cost, he recalls. “All these expenses should be offset by the high wholesale cost of bioproducts and significant demand for them from buyers, which is not yet observed on the market due to the low purchasing power of most of the population.”

Oleg Mironenko estimates the potential for domestic consumption of organic products at the level of €4-5 billion. However, important role the price will play on the shelf, he echoes Glushkov. “If we manage to achieve such a difference in the cost of organic and non-organic products, as, for example, in Finland, where, in particular, for milk it is about 15%, then a significant proportion of the urban population will buy this product,” he believes. - However, if this figure is more than 30%, the consumer audience will drop sharply. But nevertheless, 10% of the country's population will still buy an organic product, which will be even 50-70% more expensive than usual. In the current situation, when the difference in price between organic and traditional products averages from 100 to 200%, less than 1% of the population will be able to buy organic, and it will be available only to the elite, the expert adds.

The promotion of eco-products for export can go in two main directions: to the countries of the EAEU and Europe. For an active entry into the European market, it is necessary to resolve the issue of mutual recognition of existing standards, Mironenko draws attention. According to Nakaryakov, there is no certainty yet that the law will be harmonized with European standards. If this does not happen, then manufacturers who want to work on both the Russian and European markets will have to be certified according to both standards. Savinskaya Niva is now certified according to the same system as the main buyer of its products - the German company Hipp, whose production, although located in the Kaliningrad region, operates according to European standards. This year the enterprise EkoNiva» was certified according to the Russian organic GOST, the company plans to supply products to the country's retail chains.

Last November, at the World Congress of the Organic Movement in India, it was announced that in the near future the global market will need €130 billion in organic products, recalls Mironenko. “The question of who will provide the world with bio-food remains open: Europe has exhausted the possibilities of producing organics at home, respectively, there remains Latin America, part of Africa, a small territory in Asia and countries former USSR. But no one has such a potential as Russia,” he said. However, the expert emphasizes that foreign markets are now ready mainly to buy raw materials in our country, and not final products, and to manufacture value-added goods at home. So, Russia can sell a lot of grain and unprocessed vegetables - up to €10-15 billion, but in order to keep the margin for itself, the country should be interested in selling highly processed products. In the meantime, it was unprofitable for manufacturers to produce ready-made eco-products, since any unscrupulous entrepreneur could call himself organic, buy a certificate for any voluntary certification system and sell his products, including through networks, adds Korshunov. New law should solve this problem, he believes.

The cost of bioproducts is higher

The higher price of eco-products is due to the higher cost. For example, the production of environmentally friendly beef is more expensive than conventional beef, since the weight gain of fattening animals is less. “In organic animal husbandry, when working with cattle, there is a requirement that the livestock diet should consist entirely of feed own production while intensive fattening uses high-protein cakes and meal,” says Anatoly Nakaryakov from Savinskaya Niva. “It is not easy to balance the composition of the feed so that there are appropriate levels of weight gain, because there are no environmentally friendly cakes and meals on the Russian market due to the fact that organic feed production is not developed in our country, so the animals do not have enough protein.” In the Kaluga region, where the company operates, neither corn, nor rapeseed, nor legumes grow, feeding with which gives good weight gain. The enterprise has only small crops of peas. As a result, the cost of keeping animals is higher, and therefore the cost of organic beef is 30-40% higher than that of intensively produced beef.

In the Kaluga Region, Azbuka Vkusa is also engaged in the production of marbled beef and vegetables on the basis of its own agricultural complex. The company operates according to standards that are as close as possible to the requirements of organic production. On average, the costs in the production of organic products are 30% higher than with intensive technology, Elena Vorontsova confirms. “This includes not only the equipment and the cost of certification, but also a large share of manual labor, the cost of seeds, it is also worth considering that the yield and productivity indicators with the organic method of production are lower than with the use of industrial technologies,” she emphasizes.

Introduction

1. Literature review

1.1 The concept of organic food

1.2 Classification and overview of the organic market

1.3 Features of organic food production

1.4 Organic milk: requirements for production, processing, packaging

1.5 Prospects for the development of the organic milk market

Conclusion

List of sources used

INTRODUCTION

The expression "organic products" came to us from the West. It was formed from English word organic, which means "organic, belonging to the plant or animal world." In our country, the equivalent is the phrase "environmentally friendly products."

Organic products are products of exclusive ecological purity that have passed certification, which certifies that all links in the production of organic products comply with strict requirements, which include the rejection of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, growth regulators, and genetic engineering methods.

While the food market in many countries is stagnating, the market for organic products is developing rapidly. This growth in the organic segment is facilitated by the constantly deteriorating environmental situation, scandals regarding genetically modified and transgenic products, the threat of infection with bird flu, swine flu and mad cow disease.

The Russian consumer heard about organic products several years ago, when the excess of supply over demand in Europe stimulated producers to look for new markets, including in Russia. In Russia, there are practically no clear standards by which an objective assessment of a particular product for eco-friendliness is possible. One of the stages in the creation of such a regulatory framework can be the release of supplement and amendment No. 8 to SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 in the part of Chapter VI "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organic products". This regulatory document spells out the basic concepts in relation to environmental products, but there are no exact regulatory indicators in numerical terms.

There is no consensus on how useful ecological products are. So, the State Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences confirmed that organic products do contain fewer pollutants. But "biofood" is fraught with one danger. "Natural" products are not treated with any chemicals. Therefore, they can develop, for example, toxic mold fungi. In addition, real organic foods can taste very different from traditional food. Therefore, even the most "advanced" consumers may refuse to buy "organic" tomatoes, cucumbers or potatoes because of their taste.

However, some experts believe that organic products are healthier than conventional ones. The less pesticides in beef or vegetables, the better for human health, as the risk of cancer, etc. is reduced.

Based on the above, we can conclude that the topic "Organic food" is relevant.

To reveal the topic of the work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

Consider the concept of "organic food";

Familiarize yourself with the classification and state of the market for organic products;

To study the features of the production of organic food;

Research requirements for the production, processing, packaging of organic milk;

Consider the prospects for the development of the market for organic dairy products in Russia and abroad.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 The concept of organic food

Organic food is products obtained as a result of organic farming technology. The technology of organic agriculture involves the use of only natural means and methods of obtaining, processing and storing food products.

Organic agriculture is an integrated production management system that stimulates and enhances the health of the agricultural ecosystem, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, which is achieved by using agronomic, biological and mechanical methods whenever possible, as opposed to application synthetic materials to perform specific functions within the system.

It is rather difficult to determine when organic agriculture first emerged. Its concept existed even before the invention of synthetic agrochemicals. However, organic agriculture began to form as an independent direction at the beginning of the 20th century. The concept of organic agriculture was first introduced by Oxford University agriculturalist Lord Northbourne in his 1940 book Take Care of the Earth.

One of the founders of organic agriculture was the British botanist Albert Howard. His book The Agricultural Testament, published in 1940, had a huge impact on many scientists and farmers. Howard described the negative impact of chemical fertilizers on the health of animals and plants, proposed a soil fertilization system based on the use of compost from plant residues and manure.

In 1939, Eve Balfour, influenced by Howard's work, sets up the world's first scientific experiment on agricultural land in the UK to compare conventional and organic farming. After 4 years, her book "Living Soil" is published. The work was widely disseminated and led to the founding of one of today's best-known organic farming organizations. – Soil Association.

Important Contribution Rudolph Steiner, who created the first comprehensive work on organic agriculture, "Spiritual and scientific foundations for the successful development of agriculture", contributed to the development of organic agriculture. Steiner advocated the development of "biodynamic" agriculture (a type of organic agriculture that includes all the principles and standards of organic agriculture, but also touches on cosmic rhythms and spiritual aspects).

However, the most influential bearer of new ideas in the United States was Jerome Irving Rodale. Rodale was one of the first to popularize the term "organic farming". In 1942, he founded the journal Organic Farming and Horticulture. In 1950, Jerome Irwin Rodale founded another magazine, Prevent, which outlined the philosophy of organic agriculture. In 1954, Rodale's publication was headed by his son, Robert Rodale. Unlike his father, who emphasized that organic foods are the healthiest, Robert Rodale also considered the social and environmental benefits of these products.

In Japan, organic agriculture began to develop about 100 years ago. An important contribution to its development was made by the Japanese philosopher Mokichi Okada. Special attention he paid attention to the so-called "natural agriculture" (Nature Farming), the principles of which are largely consistent with modern organic agriculture.

The Japanese farmer Masanobu Fukuoka, who was born in 1913, should also be attributed to one of the pioneers of "organic agriculture". Fukuoka practiced a new method of farming on his farm, which he called "no-till, no fertilizer, no weeding, no pesticides, the do-nothing method of subsistence farming." His best known books are The Natural Approach to Agriculture and The One Straw Revolution.

Organic farming has deep roots in agricultural science and practice in our country. In the XVIII century. Russian scientist A.T. Bolotov developed the principles of agricultural production in "accordance with nature." In the thirties of the century before last, Academician V.R. Williams proposed a grass-field farming system, which is largely consistent with the principles of organic agriculture. However, the policy of intensification of agriculture pursued since the early 1960s has led to a significant displacement of the views of these scientists on the agricultural production of our country.

Organic agriculture appeared in Russia in the 90s. of the last century, when they began to collect and export mushrooms, berries and nuts from Siberia to the countries Western Europe. All products are certified by European organizations (Demeter, IMO). Currently, in Russia, according to international statistics, there are 3192 hectares of certified organic agricultural land (8 farms), which is about 0.001% of the total area of ​​agricultural land in the country, however, in reality there are more such farms.

In terms of the level of development of the new direction, Russia lags far behind most countries of the world, including a number of developing countries and some CIS countries, although our country has significant potential, the implementation of which could make it possible to create effective organic agriculture.

Organic farming is currently practiced in almost 140 countries around the world. In 1998, there were about 8 million hectares of organic agricultural land in the world, and in 2006 there were already more than 30 million hectares. In total, there are more than 700 thousand organic farms in the world. The leaders in the total area of ​​organic agricultural land are Australia (12.3 million hectares), China (2.3), Argentina (2.2), USA (1.9), Italy (1.1), Uruguay (0. 93), Spain (0.93), Brazil (0.88), Germany (0.83), UK (0.6) (Figure 1).

Picture 1.

It is quite difficult to determine whether a product is organic or not. In the United States, the development of defining principles and criteria began in the 1990s and was completed only seven years later.

Here are the main standards:

1. The use of radiation and genetic engineering to produce products marketed as "organic" is prohibited.

2. Products labeled "Produced with Organic Ingredients" must contain at least 70 percent organic ingredients, in accordance with European Union standards.

3. If a product is labeled "organic", food manufacturers are required to use up to 100 percent organic ingredients.

4. If, for example, substances prohibited by standards have entered the composition of the product from neighboring areas, the manufacturer must indicate this on the packaging.

5. On the land allocated for the cultivation of organic products, at least three years before planting, the use of pesticides is prohibited.

6. When raising livestock to obtain "organic" meat, it is prohibited to use antibiotics.

In our country, the equivalent of “organic products” is the phrase “environmentally friendly products”. The term "environmentally friendly product" is interpreted by the majority of Russian consumers incorrectly. We tend to think of "environmentally friendly" as just "not harmful to health", when in fact it also means "friendly to the environment".

In the countries of Europe and the USA, a high level of culture of attitude towards natural resources has been formed, many companies and individuals constantly deduct substantial funds to the accounts of environmental organizations. For example, it is perfectly natural for an American to buy a product in a store and think: “How was it produced? Could this production cause environmental harm? For Russia, such an approach, unfortunately, is not yet in the order of things. Our consumer, choosing an eco-labeled product, cares only about his own health and well-being.

Unfortunately, domestic advertising largely contributes to the substitution of concepts: if on the European market “ecological product” and “bioproduct” are synonyms, then in our country “bio” is dairy products enriched with live cultures, and the label “environmentally friendly product” is completely does not mean anything, because it is not fixed legally.

A number of experts, not without reason, consider the labeling "environmentally friendly product" on the product as just a marketing ploy. Even if the company actually cares about the safety and environmental friendliness of production, it still cannot objectively assert that the result of its activities is an organic product.

Indeed, in Russia there is no law on the production, processing of such products, there are practically no clear standards by which it is possible to objectively assess this or that product for eco-friendliness.

One of the stages in the creation of such a regulatory framework can be the release of supplement and amendment No. 8 to SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 in part of Chapter VI "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organic products". This regulatory document spells out the basic concepts in relation to environmental products, but there are no exact regulatory indicators in numerical terms.

In order to enter the world markets of eco-products, as well as for the development of the domestic market, it is necessary to develop conditions for the production of eco-products and guarantee its proper certification at the state level.

There is a huge selection of so-called "healthy eating" in the food market, but how do you know what is actually pure and healthy, and what is a commercial ploy? The simplest and fast way for the consumer is to find one of the icons of European certification bodies on the product label.

In March 2000, the European Organic Commission introduced this emblem (picture 2).

Figure 2. EU Emblem "Organic Agriculture - EU Governance System"

It is used exclusively voluntarily by those manufacturers whose products comply with the European Union standard system adopted in 1991.

In 2001, the German Federal Ministry for Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture introduced a national label - Bio-Siegel (Environmental Seal), which identifies the products of enterprises that adhere to the requirements of the EU regulation.

Figure 3. Bio-Siegel (Environmental Seal)

France was one of the first European countries to introduce a national label for organic food, which has replaced private labeling systems and is the property of the French Ministry of Agriculture. The application of this logo (Figure 4) on goods is allowed after signing an agreement with the owner of the mark and fulfilling all requirements established by law EU.

Figure 4. Agriculture Biologique mark (Ecological products)

The mark may also be applied to organic products from other countries, subject to the requirements of French legislation for farms using organic methods. However, plant products must be produced in the European Union, with the exception of exotic ones.

Figure 5 Valvottua tuotantoa/Kontrollerad ekoproduktion (Certified Organic)

This state mark (Figure 5) is issued by the Finnish Plant Inspection Center. And this sign with a ladybug (Figure 6) is issued by a private certifying authority in Finland - Luomuliito.

Figure 6. Mark of the Finnish certifying authority - Luomuliito

Most often this sign is found on vegetables.

This mark (Figure 7) has been issued under the permission of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) since 2002 under the National Organic Program (NOP) program.

Figure 7. Sign of the United States Department of Agriculture

The environmental certification standard Demeter, which appeared in 1924 on the basis of the work of Rudolf Steiner ("Spiritual and scientific foundations for the successful development of agriculture"), became the first world standard for organic agriculture. The presence on the packaging of the product of the sign (Figure 8) of the biodynamic production of Demeter not only characterizes special conditions strict control at all stages of product creation according to Organic standards, but also reflects a special approach to careful and careful farming, taking into account many natural features (moon phases, seasons, etc.), incl. care for the cleanliness and preservation of soils and the environment.

Figure 8. Sign of Demeter

Demeter International currently has 18 member organizations in Europe, America, Africa and New Zealand.

For Organic multi-ingredient products, there are three labeling categories:

100% Bio (Organic) : consists of 100% natural ingredients.

Bio (Organic) : contains at least 95% natural ingredients.

Made from Natural Ingredients: Contains at least 70% natural ingredients, with the remaining 30% ingredients must be non-GMO.

Products containing less than 70% natural ingredients may list natural ingredients on the back of the package, but may not be labeled Bio (Organic) on the front of the package.

Thus, organic food is products obtained as a result of organic agriculture technology. The technology of organic agriculture involves the use of only natural means and methods of obtaining, processing and storing food products. Production of organic products is carried out according to standards, the authenticity of such a product is indicated by marking - one of the icons of European certification bodies.

In Russia, there is no law on the production, processing of organic products, there are practically no clear standards by which an objective assessment of products for eco-cleanliness is possible.

1.2 Classification and overview of the organic market

Abroad, a clear classification of environmentally friendly products has been adopted, which it is advisable to take as a basis in Russia:

1. Natural Products (NP) - products consisting entirely or at least mostly of ingredients of natural origin, with a minimum amount of chemicals, artificial fillers, etc. Natural products include primarily Organic Products (OP) . In Russian, it would be more correct to call them "environmentally friendly products." These are products grown on specially cleared land, without the use of chemicals, using only natural fertilizers such as manure, compost, etc.

2. Functional Foods (FF) - these are products with artificial addition of useful substances that increase the protective functions of the body (for example, orange juice with the addition of echinacea).

3. Nutraceuticals are special food supplements that increase its nutritional value, such as vitamins. They must be of natural origin. Most of them are extracts from various plants.

It should also be added that organics are not only food, but a whole range of products, such as cosmetics, clothing, hygiene items, and they cannot meet the standards developed mainly for the food industry. The US Organic Trade Association is currently developing new standards for these product groups.

The range of organic products presented in ordinary American stores is about 400 items. The organic industry offers an alternative to almost every product on the traditional market. The most popular categories are:

Coffee, tea, fruits and vegetables, both fresh and processed; some spices, dried fruits and nuts;

Seasonal products - fresh fruits and vegetables that are in high demand during certain periods of the year;

Environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional products: bakery products, dairy and meat products, organic drinks and wines, etc.;

Ecological products for children (baby food, cereals, etc.);

Eco-friendly clothes and cosmetics.

At present, the world market for organic products is still in the third stage of its historical development. Sales of organic food products in 2006 amounted to almost 40 billion dollars. USA (31 billion euros), while in 2002. was only 23 billion dollars. USA. Annual growth rates during the specified period of time averaged 14%.

Almost all sales of organic products in value terms are in Europe and North America (49% and 48% respectively) (Figure 2).

Figure 2

The leader is the USA, where $13.5 billion worth of organic products are sold annually. USA (10.3 billion euros), while in 2006 alone this figure increased by 11%. In second place by a wide margin is Germany (€3.5bn), followed by Italy (€2.4bn), France (€1.9bn), the UK (€1.8bn) and Canada (0.7 billion euros). In Asia, Japan stands out for this indicator with a sales level of 0.4 billion euros (10th place in the world) .

Statistics show a gradual increase in the share of organic food in the total sales of all food products. At the same time, however, it remains at a rather low level, varying from 0.2% for pork to 2.3% for fruits (fruits). Denmark and Austria are the European leaders, where the share of sales of organic products according to 2000 data was 6 and 5% respectively. In Switzerland, Finland and Austria this figure was 3%, in Germany - 2.2%.

Residents of Western Europe spend an average of 25-30 euros per person per year on organic food according to 2004 data, however, this level varies greatly by country. The Swiss have long held the world championship in this indicator: in 2004, their average spending on the purchase of organic products amounted to 105 euros per year, and in 1998 this figure was half as much (58 euros). In second place in the world is Denmark (51 euros per person), followed by Germany and Italy (42 euros each), Finland (38), Austria (35), USA (33), France (32), Canada (31) , UK (30), Netherlands (26), Australia (12), Spain (6), Norway (4), Japan (3), Greece (2).

The bulk of organic product sales come from baked goods (29%), fruits and vegetables (28%), and dairy products (26%). Meat, poultry, fish and products from them, although only 12%, are the fastest growing category of organic products (23% per year), which is largely due to the known cases of bird flu, mad cow disease, etc. In 2009, dairy products are expected to become the top selling organic food category as annual growth since 2004 is more than 10% per year. It is also worth noting the high growth rates of sales of organic juices and semi-finished products (15% per year), although these categories of products have not yet reached 1% of the total sales of organic products.

Despite the fact that developing countries export from 70 to 100% of their organic production, and developed countries - 15-20%, in value terms their volumes are often comparable. For example, in Turkey and Denmark, the volume of exports of organic products is approximately the same (32 and 34 million euros, respectively), but for Turkey it is 85% of production, and for Denmark only 10%.

The volume of exports of organic products from developing to developed countries is comparable to the volume of trade between economically developed countries, but differs in structure. Developing countries specialize mainly in agricultural products that have not undergone industrial processing, while in the structure of exports of developed countries, a significant part falls on finished products(Table 1).

Table 1 - Structure and geography of exports of organic products by individual countries of the world

Country - exporter		Export volume, million euros	Export share of production, %	Countries - importers	Main Products
Australia				EU, Japan, China, USA	Cereals, juices and drinks, meat products
				EU, US, Japan	Tea, pumpkin, sunflower, soy products, mushrooms, beans
					Rice and vegetables, soy, shrimp
				Germany, Netherlands, UK, Italy and France	Dried and fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, spices, grains, oilseeds and oils, honey, juices
				USA, Canada, EU	Coffee, vegetables, sesame, corn, bananas, papaya, apples, avocados, honey, soy, cocoa, palm oil, nuts.
					Meat, wine, honey, rice, milk, citrus fruits
				UK, Germany, Sweden, USA	Dairy and meat products, cereals, snacks, groceries, drinks
				Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Netherlands	Cereals and oilseeds

Today it is not possible to determine the volume of the emerging Russian market for organic products, since there is no specific information about who can be classified as producers of organic food. The lack of a legal and regulatory framework is one of the main deterrents for the development of a new market segment.

Although, according to experts, 60% of retailers believe that there is no market for organic food products in our country, nevertheless, the demand for organic food in Russia is growing.

Manufacturing companies are ready to invest in the production of organic products, and retail chains are ready to work with bio- or organic-labeled goods imported from abroad, or with domestically produced goods with an “ecological” label.

Creation of national trademarks of organic certified products, their promotion on domestic market, as well as imports to Western countries is an important and, most importantly, feasible task. Today, the territory of the Russian Federation has all the prerequisites for the production of ecological food: long-term agricultural traditions, large land areas, as well as insignificant, compared with European countries, the use of mineral fertilizers and other chemicals. The West is eyeing our agricultural spaces, persistently offering cooperation. But so far, only general conversations are being conducted. Of particular concern to Western partners is the lack of a legal framework. Specialists of NP "Agrosofia" developed the Technical Regulations "On Ecological Agriculture, Ecological Nature Management and Appropriate Labeling of Ecological Products". The purpose of the Technical Regulations is to create regulatory framework in the field of organic agriculture and nature management along the entire chain: production, processing, packaging, labeling, transportation and trade. If the future regulation can be placed within the framework of existing standards, and it does not contradict the directives of the ecological production of the EEC, the American NOP and the Japanese JAS, this will ensure the recognition of Russian ecological products in any of the markets and will not require very expensive annual certification.

Nevertheless, certification of eco-products (both final products and the entire production process) is already being carried out in Russia. Eco-Control, the first private certification body in our country, certified the products of Russian manufacturers, depending on the target market, according to the standards EEC 2092/91 (valid in the European Union), NOP (in the USA) and JAS (in Japan). Certification on the Russian market is carried out according to STO "Agrosofiya" "On Ecological Agriculture, Ecological Use of Natural Resources and Appropriate Labeling of Ecological Products", which fully complies with the EEC Decree 2092/91. The mechanism is as follows: the manufacturer submits an application to the certifying organization, where he indicates which target market he is going to supply the goods to, fills out certain forms. Based on the analysis of the information received, a decision is made, certain recommendations can also be given to the manufacturer. Then the inspector goes to the site and controls the production process, and then the final product. If all conditions are met, the manufacturer receives an eco-certificate. As a rule, the process takes more than one year.

Thus, the organics industry offers an alternative to almost every product on the traditional market. The product range is wide and includes not only food, but also clothing and cosmetics.

Statistics show a gradual increase in the share of organic food in the total sales of all food products. In Russia, there are more and more prerequisites for creating an organic food market. The production of organic products could become an important direction for meeting domestic demand and exporting products to foreign countries. But for its development, the most important thing is that there is an appropriate legal framework, and it is also necessary to have a sufficient number of accredited certifying bodies that meet international standards, and there must be good information and marketing support for organic products.

1.3 Features of organic food production

Today, when the air, water and land are polluted with human waste products, and the ecological situation, despite all the efforts of mankind, continues to deteriorate, people are starting to think more and more about their health.

And as one of the most obvious and simple solutions to the problem of healthy eating, organic products have appeared.

Actually, before the advent of the era of scientific and technological progress, only such products existed: everything was exclusively organic. However, with the advent of modern farming methods, they have almost disappeared, and now they require much more effort to produce.

Basic norms for organic production in Europe were introduced in 1980 International Federation Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM).

The very term “organic food”, which is often translated as “environmentally friendly” or “organic” products, is applied to food products produced in accordance with the standards of the “Pan European Agreement on Organic Agricultural Production” of June 24, 1991.

In order for the final product to receive the status of organic, it must go all the way from the farm to the counter in compliance with a number of basic parameters: these are organic farming and animal husbandry methods, organic raw materials, organic ingredients and a technological process.

Organic agriculture is based on clear statutory principles. From January 1, 2009, amendments to the Organic Regulations No. 834/2007 and 889/2008 came into force throughout the EU. These regulations include provisions for all producers of organic and organic food.

To comply with these principles, at least once a year, government, independent authorized inspectors conduct inspections of organic farms, farmers, processors and traders of organic products.

Quality control in production starts directly from the ground. Land allocated for organic crops must be cultivated for at least three years without the use of chemical fertilizers. After all, healthy soil gives not only a good harvest, but also immunity to plants to fight pests. Seeds for organic farming must be adapted to local conditions, resistant to pests and weeds and, most importantly, not genetically modified.

Soil fertility must be maintained with a varied crop rotation and biodegradable fertilizers of exclusively microbiological, vegetable or animal origin.

In the process of cultivation, the use of artificial fertilizers - pesticides (herbicides and pesticides), genetically modified components, mineral fertilizers is categorically excluded. agricultural chemistry is practically not "utilized" by nature.

Cultivation of organic products, bioproducts is carried out only by traditional methods. Many types of agricultural practices are carried out by hand so as not to harm plants and soil.

Physical barriers, noise, ultrasound, light, traps or special temperature control should be used to control pests. Birds help to fight insect pests, for which birdhouses are specially built.

Animals on eco-farms receive the necessary care, are kept as close as possible to their natural natural conditions life. These animals are fed with feed that does not contain chemical and synthetic additives, hormones and genetically modified organisms.

When raising livestock, poultry or fish, it is forbidden to use antibiotics and growth hormones. If it is necessary to treat animals with antibiotics, farmers must enter all information about this on record cards.

The use of radiation and genetic engineering in the production of organic products is also strictly prohibited.

If a product is labeled "organic", the manufacturer is required to use 100% organic ingredients.

In addition to raw materials, the composition of the product includes various ingredients: fillings, fillers, dyes, preservatives.

Organic ingredients are considered to be obtained only from natural raw materials, without the use of synthetic elements. For example, when canning, grape or apple cider vinegar is added.

Organic ingredients have a number of disadvantages: for example, natural dyes are unstable to temperature, have low-intensity tinting abilities and are extremely expensive to manufacture, however, it is strictly forbidden to replace them with less expensive and more effective in terms of giving a presentation, but not organic substances.

Organic raw materials must be handled in a gentle manner to retain as much of the nutrients as possible. At the same time, such processes as chemical refining, deodorization, hydrogenation, mineralization and fortification of products or radiation exposure are not allowed.

Artificial and synthetic sweeteners, preservatives, flavors and genetically modified ingredients are also prohibited.

In addition, there are strict requirements for packaging, because if it is toxic, it can negate all efforts to create an organic product. Therefore, manufacturers should use environmentally friendly packaging that comes into the least contact with the products they contain, without changing its quality properties.

In many European countries, at the state level, organic product standards have been introduced and a system has been created to monitor the implementation and compliance with these standards.

There are several organizations in the UK with this mandate, but the main ones are the Henry Doubleday Research Association and the Soil Association, which test products for organic food requirements, educate the public about the benefits of organic products, help farmers switch to organic production and engage in research in the field of organic agriculture.

In our country, in July 2008, a decision was issued by the chief sanitary doctor G. Onishchenko, in which Chapter VI "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organic products" determines the status of organic products. The requirements for organic products are very strict and include the strictest control throughout the food chain, from soil, water, air, and ending with the store counter. But in order for consumers to clearly understand how environmentally friendly a product is, an appropriate technical regulation is needed - an analogue of the one that existed in Soviet times GOST. And this document is still under development.

At the rate Nobel laureate, plant breeder Norman Borlaug, organic production can feed a maximum of 4 billion people. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) believes that organic farming can not only feed the population the globe, but also significantly increase the caloric content of the diet.

The question of how great the benefits of organic products remains open.

Some Russian experts believe that the last few generations at the gene level have become accustomed to the nitrates contained in foods, and they have already become vital, like vitamins and minerals.

However, supporters of eco-products are sure that organic food is better than conventional food, because it does not contain salt, sugar and fat, which are present in most ready-made or semi-finished products.

Many organic consumers claim that such food tastes better, and some buy organic meat on principle, since the conditions for keeping organic livestock and poultry are better than usual.

The French Food Safety Authority (AFSSA) claims that organic produce is more nutritious than conventionally grown produce. So, according to them, organic food contains more solids, minerals and antioxidants, such as phenols and salicylic acid, which protect the body from cancer, heart disease and many other diseases. 94-100% organic products are free from pesticide residues. Organic vegetables have 50% less nitrates, and cereals have the same amount of mycotoxins as conventionally grown ones. As for organic beef, it has less fat and more polyunsaturated fatty acids. Organic chicken fillet contains two to three times less fat, but it has more omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-cancer effects.

To test the validity of these claims, researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on behalf of the Food Standards Agency (FSA), analyzed 162 publications in the scientific literature from the past 50 years on organic food. No significant difference in nutrient content between conventional and organic products could be found. A subsequent analysis of more than 50 studies on the health effects of organic food also found no significant benefits.

British researchers found that the content of vitamin C, calcium and iron in organic vegetables and products grown using agricultural technologies is exactly the same, only the level of nitrogen and phosphorus is different. The same goes for meat, dairy and eggs.

These data were published in July this year, disputes and disagreements between scientists and organic producers continue. The reason for the complaints is obvious: the publication, which reported that expensive food contains no more vitamins than any other, harms the industry.

Thus, it was found that an organic product is, first of all, a certified product, for which there is a certain guarantee. It does not contain chemical fertilizer residues, plant protection chemicals, pesticides or chemical preservatives. Such a product does not contain various flavor enhancers, chemically created sweeteners, flavorings.

Organic is only a completely natural, natural product. Moreover, it can be both a livestock product and a plant product, and they are united by a careful attitude to agricultural resources.

Animals must be kept in conditions as close to natural as possible: birds should not be in cages, cows should not be placed in cramped stalls, etc. In addition, animals should not be treated with antibiotics and other chemical drugs, animals should not receive hormonal food supplements that promote growth, feed containing animal components, or genetically modified feed.

Vegetable products are grown without chemicals and fertilizers, insect pests are collected only by hand, without the use of special spraying.

In the process of processing raw materials, the use of various artificial additives is also excluded.

1.4 Organic milk: requirements for production, processing, packaging

The group of dairy products includes, first of all, milk, cheese, various yoghurts, sour cream, cottage cheese, butter. Dairy food is useful for people of any age and should be included in the daily diet as one of the important sources of calcium and protein.

The history of dairy goes back to ancient times. Long before our era, the Egyptians used milk not only for food, but also for the treatment of various diseases. The famous Avicenna, who lived more than a thousand years ago, considered dairy products to be the best food for the elderly. The medicinal properties of milk are widely used in medical science and practice. So, back in the 19th century, the St. Petersburg doctor F.Ya. Carell described the experience of the successful use of milk in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, gout and obesity.

Today, the fashion for healthy eating, which is an integral part of the lives of millions of people in Western Europe and the United States, has come to Russia, and organic milk has appeared on the food market. Organic milk is a product of organic animal husbandry.

For the organization of organic animal husbandry, certain conditions must be created, which are reflected in the Codex Alimentarius "Organic Food Products" [ 21], in our country – in the resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 2008 N 26 “On approval of SanPiN 2.3.2.2354-08.

Animal husbandry is an integrated component of ecological agriculture. Animals are raised according to the principle of extensive animal husbandry.

Ecological animal husbandry should correspond to the areas, and the animals should be able to walk. Walking dairy cows should not exceed two per 1 ha. Pastures must be areas cleared within the last 3 years. The minimum size of the closed premises is 6 m 2 per head, open (except for pastures) - 4.5 m 2. Animals should be housed within the same production facility. Simultaneous maintenance of ordinary cows is also allowed, provided that there is a clear separation of outbuildings and sown areas.

No less stringent requirements are imposed on the selection of animals and their feeding. In order for milk to be sold as environmentally friendly, dairy animals must be kept for at least 6 months. When choosing breeds, it is recommended to take into account their ability to adapt to environmental conditions, preference is given to local breeds.

High demands are also placed on feed, which must be at least 70% produced from environmentally friendly components, and 50% of them must come from the enterprise itself or another ecological farm. Young animals are fed on the basis of natural milk, mainly uterine milk, for 3 months. It is forbidden to force-feed cows, and the feed itself must satisfy the nutritional and physiological needs of animals, and not increase the volume of products produced. The use of antibiotics, coccidiostatics and other medicines and other substances to stimulate growth or performance is prohibited in the diet of animals. This is just a short list of restrictions, but there are others. They can be found in the annexes to Resolution No. 26.

On organic farms in Sweden, technologies are being introduced that allow increasing annual profits from milk production by 20%. For example, 320 cows are milked by four DeLaval milking robots (VMS). The robot milker stores a photo of each udder in its memory. Having determined which animal has arrived, VMC loads the coordinates and performs all operations to prepare the udder for milking and the milking itself.

The system also monitors the quality of milk - if, for example, it detects blood or an increased number of somatic cells in it, then the milk does not enter the common vat, but is drained into a separate container. At the same time, zootechnicians and veterinarians immediately receive information that the animal needs to be checked.

Since the robot works 24 hours a day, cows have the right to choose their own milking time. And for more milk, they are rewarded with a “bonus” in the form of an additional portion of concentrates and crushed grains. In this way, each cow feeds, sleeps and milks at her own pace.

Cows are milked on average 2.6 times a day. Most animals come for milking three times a day, but there are those who, for the sake of an additional portion of feed, come on the fourth. However, if less than 6 hours have passed since the last milking, the robot automatically directs the cow to the “rest area” and does not allow milking. If the interval between milkings is suitable, then the robot “lets in” the cow, reads her personal information from the electronic transponder and transfers it to the central computer.

During the summer, cows are milked mostly in the morning, before going out to pasture, but sometimes at noon if they feel they need to be milked. They come to the farm on their own from the pasture.

The main storage method for organic milk is a strict selection of raw materials plus pasteurization. Instead of artificial preservatives, natural analogues are used - salt, spices, lemon juice, wine vinegar. In addition, the most modern technologies, for example, to increase the shelf life of milk, superheated steam is passed through it for several seconds. This saves more nutrients.

According to requirements Northeast Alliance producers of organic products (NODPA) and other standards, organic milk must remain fresh for a long time, since it is obtained from a limited number of farms, and it takes a long time before it reaches the store.

The milk is heated to 138°C and held for two to four seconds. This process, called sterilization, is different from the pasteurization that goes through regular milk.

There are two methods of pasteurization: in the first case, the product is kept at a relatively low (63°C) temperature for 30 minutes, in the second, at a relatively high (70°C) temperature for 15 seconds.

The difference in processing temperature explains the longer shelf life of organic milk, since pasteurization, unlike sterilization, does not kill all bacteria.

The usual shelf life of pasteurized milk after it is delivered to the store is four to six days. However, please note that processing and shipping takes up to six days, so the time from receipt of the product to purchase can be up to two weeks. Unlike pasteurized milk, high-temperature processed milk is stored in a packaged form at room temperature for up to six months.

Regular milk, like organic milk, can also be sterilized. Why is it not always done? The fact is that during sterilization, part of the vitamins contained in milk is destroyed and some proteins are damaged, which makes it unsuitable for making cheeses. Even more significant is the change in the taste of milk. It has a sweetish aftertaste due to caramelization of milk sugar, and not everyone likes it. The dynamic growth in demand for natural products and the interest of consumers in healthy eating has generated a simultaneous interest in the use of new safe packaging for such products. Packaging must be made from natural raw materials (renewable resource) and be suitable for environmentally safe recycling. Polylactic acid (PLA) polymer packaging can replace traditional PET in this market, Belgian scientists from NatureWorks concluded when presenting their novelty: a polymer bottle made from wheat (based on polylactic acid), which is packed with organic milk.

PLA packaging is much more recyclable than traditional PET materials, as it decomposes in 75-80 days with standard industrial recycling. Since PLA packaging was first introduced in 2000, it has confidently conquered its segment in the European market, with the greatest distribution in France and Belgium.

Thus, organic milk is a product of organic animal husbandry, which is an integrated component of ecological agriculture. In ecological animal husbandry, high requirements are placed on the maintenance and selection of livestock nutrition.

The main storage method for organic milk is pasteurization. The shelf life of organic milk is two weeks. Instead of artificial preservatives, natural analogues are used - salt, spices, lemon juice, wine vinegar. In addition, superheated steam treatment is used to preserve the beneficial substances of milk.

For organic milk packaging, environmentally friendly packaging is used - PET, which has recently been replaced by PLA - packaging.

1.5 Prospects for the development of the organic milk market

What is the market for organic dairy products in European countries?

According to data for 2004, 28.7 billion liters of drinking milk were produced in the world, less than 1% of the market fell to the share of organic, in 2006 this figure was already 1.2%. At the same time, the market for organic products, including dairy products, is rapidly developing.

Until 2001, the European organic dairy market was growing rapidly, by about 25% annually. In value terms, in 2001 it reached 1.2 billion dollars. In some countries, due to spongiform encephalopathy, the demand for organic products increased by almost 30%. The largest growth during this period was noted in Italy and Germany. Growth slowed down in subsequent years, especially in Denmark, where the organic dairy market was approaching saturation.

Denmark is the largest organic milk market in Europe, with sales volumes accounting for a third of all milk sales in the leading retail chains. The slowdown in its growth indicates that the Danish market may soon become one of the smallest in Europe. Some slowdown in growth was noted in other Scandinavian countries.

According to Organic Monitor, the organic dairy industry faces a number of hurdles, chief among which is the imbalance of supply and demand. Overproduction of organic milk in Denmark and the UK is combined with shortages in many parts of southern Europe. The current overproduction is expected to stop in the near term, as government subsidies for farms switching to organic dairy are planned to be cut. In addition, EU requirements for organic feed have increased, livestock farmers must use 100% organic products as animal feed, and increased production costs may cause some players to leave the market.

The main products offered on the organic dairy market. - This is drinking milk and yoghurts. As demand dwindled in Europe, innovative products were launched, including flavored organic milk and Greek-style organic yoghurts. Thus, sales of organic yogurt in the UK account for 7% of total sales, and their market share is increasing. It is expected that by 2010 it will reach 12%. Small volumes of buttermilk, which is sometimes called Kefir by analogy with Russian kefir, are sold. Sales of organic butter and fresh cream are growing relatively slowly.

In Europe, organic cheeses from France and Holland are common. English cheeses are not yet as well known, but they have high potential for growth. The saying "Better late than never" is typical of British companies operating in the organic dairy sector. Organic Monitor predicts further growth in the organic cheese segment, with a growth rate of 12.8% since 2002. According to this company, this is the most growing segment.

Such high requirements for the production of organic milk, according to some experts, make it impractical to run this business in the country today. For Russia, it is much more important to increase the volume of production and improve the quality of milk. Domestic agriculture at the present stage is focused on the mass production of medium and high quality products, and not on the formation of a narrow segment of high quality products.

The Russian Milk holding is the first Russian company that tried to sell its products in the Red Pumpkin store, referring to the fact that the region of the Ruza district of the Moscow region, where its farms are located, is one of the most environmentally friendly. The company's products were not certified, as, indeed, the products of any other Russian company. This business "did not go", although the products are one of the highest quality in the country. Shoppers simply don't understand why they should overpay for products that are significantly cheaper at a nearby store.

The Russian consumer today is too poor and uneducated to purchase environmentally friendly products with the same organoleptic properties as the usual ones, but at higher prices. The fashion for a healthy diet, no doubt, must be backed up by the consumer's fat wallet. According to the latest polls by the ROMIR Monitoring Research Holding, 17% of Russians deny themselves certain products due to unaffordable prices, and 37% are able to buy only food and essential goods.

Are there any prospects for the production of organic dairy products in Russia? Without a doubt, yes. The first and indispensable condition for this is the full satisfaction of the needs of dairy enterprises in milk that meets European quality requirements. Only after that, the Russian manufacturer will begin to focus on the production of organic milk. According to this scenario, the situation developed both in the United States and in European countries. Under conditions of oversupply, the price of organic milk in European countries is not much higher than that of regular milk. Moreover, since 2001 almost half of the organic milk in Denmark and the UK has been sold at regular prices due to falling demand.

Thus, the market for organic dairy products is booming. Until 2001, the European organic dairy market was growing rapidly, by about 25% annually, in subsequent years, the growth rate slowed down. The main reason for this is the imbalance of supply and demand.

The main products offered on the organic dairy market are drinking milk and yoghurts. Innovative products are also produced: flavored milk, Greek-style yoghurts, Kefir, oils, fresh cream, cheeses.

High requirements for the production of organic milk make it impractical to conduct this business in the country today. For Russia, it is much more important to increase the volume of production and improve the quality of milk. The Russian consumer today is too poor and uneducated to purchase environmentally friendly products with the same organoleptic properties as the usual ones, but at higher prices.

There are prospects for the production of organic dairy products in Russia. An indispensable condition for this is the full satisfaction of the needs of dairy enterprises in milk that meets European quality requirements. Only after that, the Russian manufacturer will begin to focus on the production of organic milk.

CONCLUSION

Organic food is products obtained as a result of organic agriculture technology, which involves the use of only natural means and methods of obtaining, processing and storing food. The authenticity of such a product is evidenced by the marking - one of the signs of European certification bodies.

An organic product is, first of all, a certified product that does not contain residues of chemical fertilizers, chemical plant protection products, pesticides, chemical preservatives. Such a product does not contain various flavor enhancers, sweeteners, flavors created by chemical means.

Both a livestock product and a plant product can be organic, but they are united by a careful attitude to agricultural resources. Animals must be kept in conditions as close to natural as possible: birds should not be in cages, cows should not be placed in cramped stalls, etc. In addition, animals should not be treated with antibiotics and other chemical drugs, animals should not receive hormonal food supplements that promote growth, feed containing animal components, or genetically modified feed.

Vegetable products are grown without chemicals and fertilizers, insect pests are collected only by hand, without the use of special spraying. In the process of processing raw materials, the use of various artificial additives is also excluded.

The organic industry offers an alternative to almost every product on the traditional market. The product range is wide and includes not only food, but also clothing and cosmetics.

Statistics show a gradual increase in the share of organic food in the total sales of all food products.

Organic milk is a product of organic animal husbandry. In ecological animal husbandry, high requirements are placed on the maintenance and selection of livestock nutrition.

The main storage method for organic milk is pasteurization. The shelf life of organic milk is two weeks. Instead of artificial preservatives, natural analogues are used - salt, spices, lemon juice, wine vinegar. In addition, superheated steam treatment is used to preserve the beneficial substances of milk. For organic milk packaging, environmentally friendly packaging is used - PET, which has recently been replaced by PLA - packaging.

The market for organic dairy products is booming. Until 2001, the European organic dairy market was growing rapidly, by about 25% annually, in subsequent years, the growth rate slowed down. The main reason for this is the imbalance of supply and demand. The main products offered on the organic dairy market are drinking milk and yoghurts. Innovative products are also produced: flavored milk, Greek-style yoghurts, Kefir, oils, fresh cream, cheeses.

There are prospects for the production of organic dairy products in Russia. But its development requires an appropriate legislative framework and the emergence of a sufficient number of accredited certifying bodies that meet international standards, as well as good information and marketing support for organic products. At the moment, it is much more important for Russia to increase the volume of production and improve the quality of milk. The Russian consumer today is too poor and uneducated to purchase environmentally friendly products with the same organoleptic properties as the usual ones, but at higher prices.

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