The importance of natural resources in human life. Natural resources and their classification

Natural resources are components and properties of nature that are directly used in economic activity as means of production, objects of labor and consumption. Search, study and use natural resources merge into special kind economic activity – resource use. Currently, more than 200 types of natural resources are used. This required their classification according to general characteristics. Since natural resources act simultaneously as a part of nature, and as an element of economic activity, and as a component of the human environment, science uses their classifications according to three different criteria:

• natural - by origin: mineral, water, land, biological (plant, animal), climatic, nuclear, space.
• economic - by use: fuel, energy, metallurgical, construction, agricultural, forestry, fishing, recreation, health.
• environmental – in terms of renewability and exhaustibility: 1) renewable inexhaustible – nuclear and solar energy, force of wind and moving water, underground heat, force
  living matter - cells and genes; 2) renewable and exhaustible - water, soil, plant and animal world; however, at some sources they can be destroyed and become non-renewable here; 3) non-renewable and exhaustible – mineral raw materials and fuel; they can be partially recovered by recycling waste.

Natural resources also vary in their replaceability.

Sources of natural resources - deposits, lands and others - are involved in use after the procedure of their measurement and assessment. In this case, measurement is the determination of the physical volume, reserve, reproduction of a given resource, and evaluation is the determination of the suitability, manufacturability, and cost-effectiveness of its use. Thus, assessment is the determination of the value of a given resource for solving business problems.

In this case, the following are distinguished:

a) technological assessment, establishing the possibility of developing and using the resource using accepted technologies;

b) economic or monetary value, which determines the cost (price) of a given resource and the efficiency of its development.

Economic valuation can be calculated different ways depending on its purpose and characteristics of the resource. It may be based on the cost of developing the resource and the possible profit in the process of using it; their ratio. When valuing, rent calculation is often used - i.e. additional profit that arises due to better natural properties and the best location of a given source of resource compared to worse ones equal to the value costs. The assessment also takes into account factors such as possible environmental damage and the costs of preventing or compensating it. For multi-use resources, the “lost benefit” is determined, which could have been obtained through a different method of resource use (for example, when cutting down a forest, the benefits of its hunting or recreational use are lost). The calculations also take into account past costs invested in natural land in the case of assessment of previously developed land.

In conditions market relations, when the sale or rental price of a particular resource is determined by supply and demand for its product, such estimates are used to justify it more objectively. These estimates are also used to government regulation environmental management – ​​to determine taxes on environmental management and environmental fines.

When assessing resources, it is important to know their territorial combinations with each other. Thus, for the development of iron ores, their proximity to coking coal deposits is important; smelting of non-ferrous metals requires the proximity of large sources of fuel and energy, and the processing of chemical and forest raw materials requires large amounts of water, etc. Such combinations of resources increase economic efficiency their uses and their overall value.

Natural resources– these are bodies and substances (as well as their totality), types of energy that are directly used to meet the needs of society.

Level economic development countries and the well-being of the population depend on the quantity and quality of natural resources. Natural resources are, first of all, air, water, soil, solar radiation, minerals, flora and fauna.

It is generally accepted to divide natural resources into 2 large groups.

1st group. These are the direct sources of human existence. These are resources vital for humans (air, water, food), as well as resources for non-productive purposes.

2nd group. These are resources directly consumed in material production (raw materials, energy, metals), as well as resources used but not removed from the natural environment (water for river transport).

According to the nature of human impact, natural resources are divided into exhaustible And inexhaustible.

Natural resources, depending on their use, are divided into the following groups:

1. Used as means of labor (land, waterways).

2. Energy sources (water, nuclear fuel, minerals).

3. Raw materials (minerals, timber).

4. Consumer goods (drinking water, plants, animals).

By economic classification allocate industrial, agricultural and non-productive resources.

Economic resources – these are repeatedly transformed natural resources involved in social production.

Mineral resources (minerals) belong to exhaustible natural resources. They are formed over a long geological time and are replenished only through the discovery of new deposits. It follows from this that humanity will inevitably face the problem of an acute shortage of minerals, and the need for them is growing from year to year.

The distribution of minerals around the globe is extremely uneven. For example, the main oil fields are located in the countries of the Near and Middle East (about 90%).

The protection of mineral resources lies in their rational use.

1. Combating unjustified losses during production.

2. Improvement of extraction methods with the aim of complete recovery from the bowels of the Earth.

3. A very important way of rational use of natural resources is the integrated use of raw materials. For example, when developing polymetallic ores, 2-3 elements are extracted, and the rest goes to slag.

4. Reducing the consumption of minerals in production. Namely: production of machinery and equipment with less metal consumption.

5. Replacement of primary raw materials with secondary ones, and natural materials with artificial ones.

Water resources– these are all reserves of surface water, soil and atmospheric moisture suitable for economic use. Brazil is the world leader in the availability of water resources.

Water resources are considered relatively inexhaustible. Fresh water supplies on the planet are very limited, and in many regions there is a shortage of them. The fresh water problem is becoming more acute every year.

Water ensures the existence of living organisms. It is part of the cells and tissues of absolutely all living organisms. It makes up about 90% of the mass of all plants and 75% of the mass of animals. Human physiological needs can be satisfied exclusively with water. The loss of 6-8% of water is accompanied by a faint state, 10% by hallucinations, and 12% leads to death.

The presence of water spaces and the content of water vapor in the atmosphere largely determine and have a huge impact on the climate and weather on planet Earth. Oceans and seas, due to the high heat capacity of water, serve as a heat accumulator and are capable of changing the weather and climate on the planet. The ocean, dissolving atmospheric gases, is an air regulator. Water is extremely important in human activities.

The condition of surface waters in the Republic of Belarus is assessed by ecologists as quite favorable: in 2010, the water quality at 81% of monitoring points corresponded to the category “clean” and “relatively clean”. Excess established standards surface water quality in 2010 amounted to 7.8%, which is almost 2 times lower than the same indicator in 2006.

The problem of the quality of groundwater used for centralized drinking water supply to the population is associated with a high content of iron and manganese, as well as insufficient concentrations of iodine and fluorine, which is caused by natural factors.

1. It is a material widely used in industry and is included in various types of products and processes.

2. Water is the engine of hydroelectric power turbines.

3. Water serves not only as an auxiliary material, but also as one of the main types of raw materials.

4. Human agricultural activity is associated with enormous water consumption.

5. Water features- These are places of rest and restoration of people's health.

Forest resources– these are stem wood reserves and various non-timber resources (technical, feed, hunting, food, medicinal plants). Forest resources are renewable. The total forest area on the planet is approximately 3 billion hectares. Over the past 10,000 years, 2/3 of all forests have been destroyed, about 0.5 billion hectares have turned into deserts. Due to massive deforestation, the area of ​​tropical forests is decreasing annually at a rate of 26 hectares/min. This entails a number of consequences:

1. Shallowing of rivers and lakes.

2. Lowering the groundwater level.

3. Increased soil erosion. Erosion soil is the destruction and removal of fertile soil horizons by surface water flows and wind.

4. Drying climate.

5. The appearance and increase in frequency of dust storms and droughts.

The total area of ​​the forest fund of the Republic of Belarus is approximately 9.4 million hectares (44.5% of the territory). At the same time, specially protected areas occupy about 2.3 million hectares (24.2%). Due to the creation of new forests, the forest cover of the territory of the Republic of Belarus increased from 33.9% to 38.3%. Russia is the most forested country (7.7 million km²).

1. Plants serve as the only bioenergetic basis for the functioning of the entire biosphere.

2. Vegetation creates special conditions climate in the ground layer of the atmosphere, plays a stabilizing role in the environment.

3. Vegetation cover changes the daily and annual cycle of temperature and humidity.

4. Vegetation enriches the soil with minerals and affects the structuring of the soil.

5. Plants serve as a source of nutrition for people and food for agricultural and wild animals. About 20,000 plant species are used by humans, of which 2.5 thousand are cultivated and medicinal.

6. Forests form the largest ecosystems on the planet. Forest is the main battery and source of organic matter. Plays a primary role in stabilizing the oxygen balance of the atmosphere. 1 hectare of forest annually absorbs approximately 5 tons of carbon dioxide and releases approximately 4 tons of oxygen into the atmosphere.

7. The sanitary and hygienic role of the forest is the release of phytoncides that kill most pathogenic microbes. The forest is capable of trapping chemical atmospheric pollutants and absorbing industrial emissions.

8. The role of forests in preventing and absorbing radioactive contamination is great (up to 50%).

9. Forest is one of the foundations of human economic activity.

The most powerful source of energy is the sun. The earth receives 10 times more energy from the sun than from all other sources combined.

The source of energy is the wind, on the energy of which mills, and today power plants, operated. The first power plant powered by wind was built in 1931 in Crimea. Energy of ebbs and flows. The alternation of high and low tides occurs every 6 hours every day. 12min. The first tidal power station was built in France in 1967 on the English Channel. IN Lately, especially in Russia, the USA and Japan, the heat energy of hot springs is used.

Savings energy resources must be carried out through the widespread use of alternative and environmentally friendly energy sources.

Natural resources- natural components that are used or can be used in the process of social production to meet the material and cultural needs of society.

The 20th century is characterized by unprecedented growth in population and global social production. The rapid development of scientific and technological progress in recent years has led to a particularly sharp increase in anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. The scale of human impact on the natural environment has become planetary. It affects all components of nature: relief, climate, water, soil, organic world, etc. Human needs for raw materials are increasing. The rational use of all natural resources is an urgent task for humanity.

All natural resources are divided into exhaustible and inexhaustible. Exhaustible resources are subsoil and ecosystem resources that are exhausted during the production process.

They are divided into renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources - capable of restoration (forest, plant, animal, land, water, etc.), i.e. they can be restored by nature itself, but their natural restoration (soil fertility, woody and herbaceous mass, number of animals, etc.) , etc.) often does not coincide with the rate of use. The consumption of renewable resources begins to exceed the extent of their natural restoration.

To prevent this from happening, you must:

Change the technology for processing exhaustible resources. Increase hydrocarbon resources through the production of synthetic liquid fuels. Expand involvement in the production of secondary raw materials. Thus, in developed countries, 30-40% of copper production is based on the recycling of secondary raw materials. Recycle valuable components that are emitted into the atmosphere by industrial enterprises. Thus, one coal-fired thermal power plant with a capacity of 1 million kW emits up to 15 tons of sulfur dioxide gases and up to 6 tons of sulfur dioxide ash into the atmosphere every hour. Apply waste-free technologies. Use fuel and energy resources economically: switch to diesel fuel and alternative energy sources. Increase oil production through the widespread introduction of modern production methods. Inexhaustible natural resources include those that cannot be exhausted during the production process. This is the energy of the Sun, tides, geothermal, wind, biological mass, sea waves, synthetic fuel, atmospheric precipitation, etc. The use of inexhaustible natural resources does not lead to a general decrease in their reserves on Earth. Mineral, biological, water, climatic resources are raw materials for various sectors of the economy. Raw materials that are used in production are converted into economic resources of society. There are other types of economic resources - capital, labor, intellectual, management capabilities. Used natural resources, after certain technological processing, become means of labor and various material goods. Natural resources on Earth are distributed unevenly. Not only individual countries, but also large regions differ from each other in their level of resource availability. Resource availability is the relationship between the amount (i.e., reserves) of natural resources and the size of their production. It is expressed by the number of years for which a given raw material should last, or by its reserves per person. Resource availability = (reserves)/(production volume) = Number of years The resource availability indicator is influenced by the richness or poverty of the territory in natural resources. Therefore, for the economic development of the country, it is necessary to know about its territorial, natural and resource potential. The natural resource potential of a territory is the totality of its natural resources that can be used in economic activities, taking into account scientific and technological progress. PRI is characterized by two main indicators - size and structure, which includes mineral resources, land, water and other potentials. However, if there are few natural resources in a particular country, this does not mean that the country is doomed to poverty, because the economic resources of each country are measured not only by their quantity. Human resources and the availability of capital in the country are of great importance. An example would be the so-called “newly industrialized countries,” as well as Japan, which achieved high economic results with a limited natural resource base. Natural resources, their classification, assessment and accounting

A more general definition of natural resources is given by A. A. Mints - “natural resources... bodies and forces of nature, which this level the development of productive forces and knowledge can be used to meet the needs of human society in the form of direct participation in material activities.

Due to the dual nature of the concept of “natural resources”, reflecting their natural origin, on the one hand, and economic significance, on the other, several classifications have been developed and widely used in the specialized and geographical literature.

— the basis of the primary sector of the economy, which collects industrial and agricultural raw materials and their primary processing for subsequent consumption.

Natural resources include:

• Mineral
• Land
• Forest
• Water reserves
• Resources of the World Ocean

Resource supply is expressed by the ratio between the amount of natural resources and the extent of their use.

Mineral resources

Mineral resources is a set of specific forms of mineral substances in the earth’s crust that are a source of energy, various materials, chemical compounds and elements.

Mineral resources form the basis for the production of industrial products in the world economy. Changes in the production and consumption of raw materials in international trade affect not only the economic situation in individual countries and regions, but are of a global nature. Over the past 25-30 years, the commodity sector has changed significantly due to the policies of developed countries trying to overcome dependence on the supply of raw materials from developing countries and reduce production costs. During this period, geological exploration work intensified in developed countries, including the development of deposits in remote and hard-to-reach areas, including the implementation of programs for saving mineral raw materials (resource-saving technologies; the use of recycled materials, reducing the material intensity of products, etc.) and developments in the field of alternative replacement of traditional types of raw materials, primarily energy and metal.

Thus, the world economy is transitioning from an extensive path of development to an intensive one, reducing the energy and material intensity of the world economy.

In the same time high supply of mineral resources to the farm of this or that country or their deficit ultimately are not a factor determining the level of socio-economic development. In many countries, there are significant gaps between the level of development of productive forces and the provision of material and raw materials (for example, in Japan and Russia).

• Technical feasibility and economic profitability of production, transportation and processing.
• Environmental permissibility of development and use
• Favorable political and economic international situation

The distribution of mineral resources is characterized by extreme unevenness and high concentration of production. 22 types of mineral resources account for more than 90% of the value of mining products. However, 70% of metal production comes from the 200 largest mines; More than 80% of oil reserves and production are concentrated in 250 fields, which is only 5% of the total number of oil developments.

• Russia (gas, oil, coal, iron ore, diamonds, nickel, platinum, copper)
• USA (oil, copper, iron ore, coal, phosphate rocks, uranium, gold)
• China (coal, iron ore, tungsten, oil, gold)
• South Africa (platinum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, diamonds, gold, coal, iron ore)
• Canada (nickel, asbestos, uranium, oil, coal, polymetals, gold)
• Australia (iron ore, oil, uranium, titanium, manganese, polymetals, bauxite, diamonds, gold)
• Brazil (iron ore, non-ferrous metals)

On industrial the developed countries accounts for about 36% of the world's non-fuel mineral resources and 5% of oil.

In the territory developing countries There are up to 50% of non-fuel mineral resources, almost 65% of oil reserves and 50% of natural gas, 90% of phosphate reserves, 86-88% of tin and cobalt, more than 50% of copper ore and nickel. There is a significant differentiation in the supply and distribution of mineral resources: the vast majority of them are concentrated in approximately 30 developing countries. Among them are: the Persian Gulf countries (about 60% of oil reserves), Brazil (iron and manganese ores, bauxite, tin, titanium, gold, oil, rare metals), Mexico (oil, copper, silver), Chile (copper, molybdenum ), Zaire (cobalt, copper, diamonds), Zambia (copper, cobalt), Indonesia (oil, gas), Algeria (oil, gas, iron ore), Central Asian countries (oil, gas, gold, bauxite).

From countries with economies transition period Russia has mineral reserves of global importance, where about 8% of the world's oil reserves, 33% of natural gas, 40% of coal, 30% of iron ore, 10% of diamonds and platinum are concentrated.

Land resources

Land resources and soil cover are the basis of agricultural production. At the same time, only 1/3 of the planet’s land fund is agricultural land (4783 million hectares), that is, land used for the production of food and raw materials for industry.

Agricultural land consists of arable land, perennial plantings (gardens), natural meadows and pastures. IN various countries Around the world, the ratio of arable land to pastures in agricultural land is different.

Currently, in the world, arable land accounts for about 11% of the total land area (1350 million hectares) and 24% of the land (3335 million hectares) is used in livestock farming. Countries with the largest tracts of arable land (million hectares): USA - 186, India - 166, Russia - 130, China - 95, Canada - 45. The availability of arable land per capita varies among regions (ha/person): Europe - 0.28, Asia - 0.15, Africa - 0.30, North America - 0.65, South America - 0.49, Australia - 1.87, CIS countries - 0.81.

If in developed countries the increase in yield and productivity, agricultural production is largely ensured through the extensive use of land, then most of the most accessible and fertile lands are already occupied by agricultural production, and those that remain are infertile.

Forest resources

Forests cover about 4 billion hectares of land (about 30% of the land). Two forest belts are clearly visible: the northern with a predominance of coniferous trees and the southern (mainly tropical forests of developing countries).

In developed countries In recent decades, mainly due to acid rain, forests have been affected on an area of ​​about 30 million hectares. This reduces the quality of their forest resources.

Most third world countries are also characterized by a decrease in the provision of forest resources (deforestation of territories). Up to 11-12 million hectares per year are cut down for arable land and pastures, and the most valuable forest species are exported to developed countries. Wood also remains the main source of energy in these countries - 70% of the total population uses wood as fuel for cooking and heating their homes.

The destruction of forests has catastrophic consequences: the supply of oxygen to the atmosphere is reduced, the greenhouse effect is intensified, and the climate is changing.

The provision of forest resources in the regions of the world is characterized by the following data (ha/person): Europe - 0.3, Asia - 0.2, Africa - 1.3, North America - 2.5, Latin America - 2.2, Australia - 6 .4, CIS countries - 3.0. About 60% of temperate latitude forests are concentrated in Russia, but for industrial use 53% of all forests in the country are suitable.

Water resources

Rational use of water resources, especially freshwater, is one of the most pressing global problems world economy.

About 60% total area land on Earth is located in areas where there is not enough fresh water. A quarter of humanity feels a lack of it, and over 500 million residents suffer from a lack of and poor quality of drinking water.

Most of the water on the globe is the waters of the World Ocean - 96% (by volume). Groundwater accounts for about 2%, glaciers - also about 2%, and only 0.02% accounts for continental surface waters (rivers, lakes, swamps). Fresh water reserves account for 0.6% of the total water volume.

Current water consumption in the world is 3500 cubic meters. km per year, i.e., there is 650 cubic meters of water for every inhabitant of the planet. m per year.

Fresh water mainly used in industry - 21% and agriculture- 67%. The waters of the World Ocean are not suitable not only for drinking, but also for technological needs, despite the achievements of modern technology.

World ocean resources

The resources of the World Ocean play an increasingly important role in the development of productive forces.

• biological resources (fish, zoo- and phytoplankton);
• significant mineral resources;
• energy potential;
• transport communications;
• the ability of ocean waters to disperse and purify the bulk of the waste entering it through chemical, physical and biological influences;
• the main source of the most valuable and increasingly scarce resource— fresh water (the production of which through desalination increases every year).

The development of ocean resources and its protection is undoubtedly one of humanity’s global problems.

The use of sea shelf resources is of particular importance for the world economy. Currently, about 30% of produced oil is of shelf origin. In the EU, the sea provides up to 90% of the oil produced, in Australia - up to 50%. The vast majority of oil (85%) on the shelf is extracted at depths of up to 100 m. About 60 countries produce oil on the shelf.

Natural resources of Russia are the wealth of nature that people use in life and economic activity. All resources are divided into two groups: exhaustible and inexhaustible.

Exhaustible resources of nature are divided into renewable (water, soil, vegetation, fauna) and non-renewable(part of the exhaustible resources that are not capable of self-regeneration within short time). These include minerals: oil, natural gas, coal, ore and non-metallic minerals. Their reserves in the bowels of the Earth are limited, and replenishment is impossible, since the formation of minerals occurs over millions of years.

The second group, which includes inexhaustible natural resources, includes solar energy, wind power, intraterrestrial heat, and tidal energy. They are considered inexhaustible because their use does not deplete the supply.

Types of natural resources

By origin, natural resources are divided into mineral, land, water and forest.

Minerals and rocks are called mineral resources. By origin, they are divided into sedimentary (coal, oil, oil shale, salts, limestone, chalk), igneous (ores of iron, chromium, copper and other metals) and metamorphic (gneisses, schists, quartzites). By use mineral resources They are divided into fuel (combustible), ore (metal) and non-metallic (non-metal).

• Combustible minerals are oil, natural gas, coal, peat, oil shale.
• Ore - iron, copper, aluminum ores, ores of rare and precious metals.
• Non-metallic minerals - chemical raw materials, building materials, precious and semi-precious stones.
• Mineral resources are sometimes used as is. in which they are found in nature (marble, table salt, mica), or whether certain chemical elements are extracted from them (iron from ore).

There are certain patterns in the formation and distribution of minerals, and they are associated with the internal structure of the earth's crust. A huge amount of minerals are extracted from the depths of the Earth every year. Scientists have calculated that the amount of mineral raw materials extracted in just one year would be enough to fill a train with a length of 700 thousand km, which could encircle 17 times Earth along the equator. However, of this huge mountain mass, humans use less than 20 percent. The rest of the rocks remain in dumps.

In the foreseeable future, humanity will face an acute problem of a shortage of mineral resources. The need for them is growing, and the most accessible deposits are quickly depleted. Currently, work is underway to study the possibility of reusing resources, that is, maximizing the use of industrial and household waste. Japan sets an example in this, as well as countries Western Europe. In a matter of seconds, in Japan they can dismantle an old car, sort ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and other materials and reuse them for the production of steel, aluminum, and copper.

Irrational use of renewable natural resources can lead to the loss of their self-healing ability. This primarily concerns the flora and fauna. The thoughtless use of plant and animal resources leads to the extinction of certain species of plants and animals.

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Grape

In gardens and personal plots, you can choose a warmer place for planting grapes, for example, on the sunny side of the house, garden pavilion, or veranda. It is recommended to plant grapes along the border of the site. The vines formed in one line will not take up much space and at the same time will be well lit from all sides. Near buildings, grapes must be placed so that they are not exposed to water flowing from the roofs. On level areas it is necessary to make ridges with good drainage due to drainage furrows. Some gardeners, following the experience of their colleagues from the western regions of the country, dig deep planting holes and fill them with organic fertilizers and fertilized soil. The holes, dug in waterproof clay, are a kind of closed vessel that is filled with water during the monsoon rains. In fertile soil, the root system of grapes develops well at first, but as soon as waterlogging begins, it suffocates. Deep holes can play a positive role on soils where good natural drainage, permeable subsoil is provided, or reclamation artificial drainage is possible. Planting grapes

You can quickly restore an outdated grape bush using the layering method (“katavlak”). For this purpose, healthy vines of a neighboring bush are placed in grooves dug to the place where the dead bush used to grow, and covered with earth. The top is brought to the surface, from which a new bush then grows. Lignified vines are laid on layering in the spring, and green ones - in July. They are not separated from the mother bush for two to three years. A frozen or very old bush can be restored by short pruning to healthy above-ground parts or by pruning to the “black head” of an underground trunk. In the latter case, the underground trunk is freed from the ground and completely cut down. Not far from the surface, new shoots grow from dormant buds, due to which a new bush is formed. Neglected and severely frost-damaged grape bushes are restored due to stronger fatty shoots formed in the lower part of the old wood and the removal of weakened sleeves. But before removing the sleeve, a replacement is formed. Grape care

A gardener starting to grow grapes needs to thoroughly study the structure of the grapevine and the biology of this interesting plant. Grapes are vine (climbing) plants and require support. But it can spread along the ground and take root, as is observed with Amur grapes in a wild state. The roots and above-ground part of the stem grow quickly, branch strongly and reach large sizes. Under natural conditions, without human intervention, a branched grape bush grows with many vines of different orders, which begins to bear fruit late and produces crops irregularly. In cultivation, grapes are shaped and the bushes are given a shape that is easy to care for, ensuring a high yield of high-quality bunches. Vine

Schisandra

In the literature devoted to climbing lianas, the methods of preparing planting holes and the planting itself are unnecessarily complicated. It is proposed to dig trenches and holes up to 80 cm deep, lay drainage from broken bricks and shards, install a pipe to the drainage for feeding, fill it with special soil, etc. When planting several bushes in collective gardens, similar preparation is still possible; but the recommended pit depth is not suitable for the Far East, where the thickness of the root layer reaches 30 cm at best and is most often underlain by waterproof subsoil. No matter what kind of drainage is laid, a deep hole will inevitably turn out to be a closed vessel where water will accumulate during the monsoon rains, and this will entail damping off and rotting of the roots from lack of air. And the roots of actinidia and lemongrass vines, as already noted, spread in the taiga in the surface layer of soil. Planting lemongrass

Schisandra chinensis, or schisandra, has several names - lemon tree, red grapes, gomisha (Japanese), cochinta, kozyanta (Nanai), kolchita (Ulch), usimtya (Udege), uchampu (Oroch). In terms of structure, systemic relationship, center of origin and distribution, Schisandra chinensis has nothing in common with the real citrus plant lemon, but all its organs (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, berries) exude the aroma of lemon, hence the name Schisandra. The schisandra vine that clings or wraps around a support, along with Amur grapes and three types of actinidia, is an original plant of the Far Eastern taiga. Its fruits, like real lemons, are too sour to be consumed fresh, but they have medicinal properties and a pleasant aroma, and this has attracted a lot of attention to it. The taste of Schisandra chinensis berries improves somewhat after frost. Local hunters who consume such fruits claim that they relieve fatigue, invigorate the body and improve vision. The consolidated Chinese pharmacopoeia, compiled back in 1596, states: “the fruit of Chinese lemongrass has five tastes, classified as the first category of medicinal substances. The pulp of lemongrass is sour and sweet, the seeds are bitter and astringent, and in general the taste of the fruit is salty. Thus, All five tastes are present in it." Grow lemongrass