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5. Volume-planning and constructive decisions

5.1. The system planning and constructive decisions of the building should contribute to the exception of the possibility of injury from being in it in the process of movement, work, using mobile devices, technological and engineering equipment.
Building structures must have durability and reliability, taking into account possible hazardous impacts, as well as resistant to progressive collapse confirmed by relevant calculations.
The foundations and supporting structures of the building in the construction and operation process should not have cracks, damage and deformations leading to a decrease in the operational properties of buildings.
The designs should be designed for the effect of loads from their own weight and structures that are based on, snow and wind loads, loads from technological equipment, transport and engineering equipment in accordance with SP 20.13330, taking into account the perception of exposure from dangerous geological processes in the construction area.
Source-planning solutions should be developed taking into account the need to reduce dynamic impacts on building structures, technological processes and working, caused by vibroactive equipment or external sources of oscillations.
In the buildings of great length, temperature-shrinkage, sedimentary or anti-disshit seams should be envisaged depending on their volume-planning solutions and the natural and climatic conditions of the construction area.
5.2. In order to reduce operational energy consumption, it is advisable to accept volume-planning solutions of the building with minimal value compactness indicator, equal to attitude Square surface of the outer shell of the building to the volume prisoner in it.
5.3. Energy and sanitary equipment, when it is permissible under the operating conditions, one should be placed on open areas, providing for local shelters if necessary.
5.4. In rooms height from gender to the bottom of the protruding design designs (coatings) must be at least 2.2 m, the height from the floor to the bottom of the protruding parts of communications and equipment in the places of regular passage of people and on evacuation paths - at least 2 m, and in places The irregular passage of people is at least 1.8 m. If necessary, the height of the passage must be at least 4.2 m to the bottom of the designs of the designs of communications and equipment, for fire cars - at least 4.5 m.
The geometric parameters of mobile (inventory) buildings must comply with the requirements of GOST 22853.
5.5. In buildings and premises requiring the terms of the technology of maintaining stable parameters of the air and placement of engineering equipment and communications in them, it is allowed to include: suspended (stitched) ceilings and raised floors - when access to communications is not required to include a passage for service personnel. To maintain these communications, it is allowed to design hatches and vertical steel stairs; Technical floors - when under the terms of technology for servicing engineering equipment, communications and auxiliary technological devices placed in these floors, a passage device is required, the height of which is received in accordance with 5.4.
5.6. Enter railway tracks to the building is allowed to provide in accordance with the technological part of the project and taking into account the requirements 5.43. The top of the railway tracks should be on a blank floor.
5.7. In high-rise buildings with a height of more than 15 m from the planning mark of the Earth to the marking of the net floor of the upper floor (not counting technical) and the presence of more than 15 M of permanent jobs or equipment, which must be serviced more than three times in shift, passenger elevators should be provided for P 53770. Cargo elevators should be provided for in accordance with the technological part of the project according to GOST R 53771. The number and carrying capacity of the elevators should be taken depending on passenger and cargo flows. In the number of working (in the most numerous shift), no more than 30 on all floors located above 15 m, one elevator should be provided in the building. In the presence on the second floor and above rooms designed to work with disabilities using wheelchairs, the building should include a passenger elevator if it is impossible to organize disabled jobs on the first floor. The elevator cabin must have dimensions of at least: width - 1.1 m, depth - 2.1 m, width of the doorway - 0.85 m.
5.8. Outputs from basements should be provided outside the zone of the lifting and transport equipment.
5.9. The width of the tambouries and tambour gateways should be taken more widths of no less than 0.5 m (0.25 m on each side of the opening), and the depth is the width of the door or the portable canvase 0.2 m or more, but not Less than 1.2 m. In the presence of working disabled people who use wheelchairs, the depth of tambouries and tambour gateways should be taken at least 1.8 m.
5.10. In the premises of categories A and B, external light-graduated fencing structures should be provided. As a light-graduated design, it should be used to use single glazing windows and lanterns. With an insufficient glazing area, it is allowed as light-grade structures to use the structures of coatings with roofs from steel, aluminum, asbestos-cement and bitumen wavy sheets, from flexible tiles, metal tiles, asbestos-cement and shale tiles and effective non-flammable insulation. The area of \u200b\u200blightly graded structures should be determined by the calculation. In the absence of calculated data, the area of \u200b\u200blightly graded structures should be at least 0.05 m2 per 1 m3 of the room of category A and not less than 0.03 m2 - room category B.
Notes.
1. Window glass refers to the light-graduated structures with a thickness of 3, 4 and 5 mm and an area of \u200b\u200bat least (respectively) 0.8, 1 and 1.5 m2. Reinforced glass, double-glazed windows, triplex, stalitis and polycarbonate to lightly graded structures do not belong.
2. The rolled carpet in the areas of the light-graduated coating designs should be cut on the map with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 180 m2 each.
3. Calculated load on the mass of lightly graded coating structures should be no more than 0.7 kPa.

5.11. Galleries, platforms and stairs for servicing load-lifting cranes should be designed in accordance with the rules of the device and the safe operation of lifting cranes.
5.12. For repair and cleaning of glazing windows and lanterns, in cases where the use of mobile or portable floor inventory devices (downtown stairs, catholic courts, telescopic lifts) is impossible under the conditions for the placement of technological equipment or general height of the building, it is necessary to provide stationary devices that ensure safe execution of the specified work.
5.13. The need for devices of lanterns and their type (anti-aircraft, P-shaped, light, lightaeration, etc.) are established by the project, depending on the characteristics of the technological process, sanitary and hygienic and environmental requirements, taking into account the climatic conditions of the construction area.
5.14. Lanterns should be unlucky. The length of the lanterns should be not more than 120 m. The distance between the ends of the lanterns and between the end of the lantern and the outer wall should be at least 6 m. Opening the flaps of the lanterns should be mechanized (with the inclusion of opening mechanisms from the outputs from the rooms), duplicated manual control.
5.15. Under the glazing of anti-aircraft lamps, performed from sheet silicate glass and double-glazed windows, as well as along the inner side of the glazing of rectangular light butter lanterns, it is necessary to provide a device for a protective metal mesh.
5.16. In buildings with inner waterproofs, parapet is allowed as a fence on the roof. With a parapet height, less than 0.6 m should be supplemented with a lattice fence to a height of 0.6 m from the roof surface.
5.17. When remote and automatically open the gate should also be provided with the possibility of opening them in all cases manually. The dimensions of the gate in the light for land transport should be taken with exceeding the dimensions of vehicles (in the loaded state) at least 0.2 m in height and 0.6 m in width.
5.18. The slope of the marches in the stairwells should be taken at least 1: 2 with the width of the sticky 0.3 m; For basement floors and attics allowed to take a slope of march stairs 1: 1.5 with a width of a sticky 0.26 m.
5.19. Internal open stairs (in the absence of staircase walls) should have a slope of not more than 1: 1. The slope of open stairs for the passage to single work seats is allowed to increase to 2: 1. For an inspection of equipment at a lifting height of not more than 10 m, it is allowed to design vertical staircases with a width of 0.6 m.
5.20. In the presence of working disabled people with impaired musculoskeletal system, the slope of the stairs on the evacuation paths should be no more than 1: 2.
5.21. For buildings height from the plank marking of the Earth to the eaves or the top of the parapet 10 m and more should be designed one output to the roof (for every complete and incomplete 40000 m2 roofs), including buildings: single-storey - on the outer open steel staircase; Multi-storey - from the staircase.
In cases where it is inappropriate to have a staircase for the roof of the upper floor, it is allowed for buildings with a height of the Earth's layer mark to the top floor mark not more than 30 m. Design an outdoor open steel staircase to access the roof from the staircase through the platform This staircase.
5.22. Placing the premises of various categories in buildings and their separation from each other, requirements for evacuation paths and outputs, a device of smoke removal, gateways, tambour-gateways, staircases and stairs, roof exits should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 . N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and SP 1.13130, SP 2.13130, SP 4.13130, SP 6.13130.
It is allowed to embed the floor of warehouse or administrative purposes to the production building, as well as the floor of industrial or administrative purposes in a warehouse building under the compliance with the requirements of the SP 44.13330 and this SP.
In single-storey buildings of terminals I and II degrees of fire resistance class of a structural fire danger C0, it is allowed if necessary, a device of evacuation corridors, silent by fireproof obstacles of the 1st type and provided by the air in a fire. In this case, the length of the corridor is not taken into account when calculating the length of the evacuation path.
5.23. The distance from the most remote workplace indoors to the nearest evacuation exit from the room directly to the outside or to the staircase should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 29 of SP 1.13130.
5.24. The distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 1000 m2 to the nearest output outside or in the staircase should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bshown in Table 30 SP 1.13130.
5.25. The width of the evacuation exit (door) from the premises should be taken depending on the total number of people being evacuated through this output, and the numbers of people are 1 m output width (door) installed in Table 31 of SP 1.13130, but not less than 0.9 m with Working disabled with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system.
The number of people on 1 M of the width of the evacuation exit at intermediate values \u200b\u200bof the size of the room is determined by interpolation.
The number of people on 1 M width of the evacuation exit (doors) from the premises with a height of more than 6 m increases: at the height of the premises of 12 m - by 20%, 18 m - by 30%, 24 m - by 40%; At intermediates of the height of the room, an increase in the number of people per 1 m outlet width is determined by interpolation.
5.26. The width of the evacuation exit (door) from the corridor to the outside or in the staircase should be taken depending on the total number of people evacuated through this output, and the numbers of people are 1 m output widths (doors) installed in Table 32 SP 1.13130, but not less than 0 , 8 m, in the presence of working disabled with disorders of the musculoskeletal system - at least 0.9 m.
5.27. In the presence of working disabled people with impairment of the musculoskeletal system, the width of the march of the ladder should be taken at least 1.2 m.
5.28. In the premises and corridors, it should be provided to smoke in case of a fire in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture 7.13130.
5.29. The degree of fire resistance, the class of structural fire danger, the height of the buildings and the floor area of \u200b\u200bthe building within the fire compartment should be taken for production buildings Top 6.1 SP 2.13130, for warehouse buildings - Table 6.3 SP 2.13130.
When placing warehouses in production buildings, the area of \u200b\u200bthe floor of storage facilities within the fire compartment and their height (number of floors) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.3 SP 2.13130.
In the presence of sites, shelf and antlesole, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich at any mark exceeds 40% of the floor area, the floor area is defined as for multi-storey building With the number of floors defined by 4.11.
5.30. When placed in one building or room, technological processes with different explosion and fire hazards should include measures to prevent the explosion and dissemination of a fire. The effectiveness of these events must be justified in the technological part of the project. If these events are not effective, then technological processes with different explosion and fire hazards should be placed in separate rooms and separate in accordance with the requirements of the SP 4.13130.
5.31. The basements when placing the rooms in them categories B1 - B3 should be divided in accordance with the requirements of the SP 4.13130.
5.32. In the hot workshops with excess heat generation, the enclosing structures should be designed, as a rule, are displeasted.
5.33. On roofs with a slope of up to 12% inclusive in buildings with a height of the cornice or parapet vertex more than 10 m, as well as on roofing with a slope of more than 12% in buildings up to the Niza cornice, more than 7 m should be provided with fences in accordance with GOST 25772. Regardless of The heights of the fence building corresponding to the requirements of this standard should be provided on the operated roofs.
In hot shops with significant release of warmth and other production intories, the cooling roofs should be provided.
5.34. The roofs of heated buildings should be performed with internal drainage. A device for roofs with an external organized drainage in heated and unheated buildings, subject to the implementation of measures that impede the formation of icicles and foreheads.
5.35. In single-storey warehouse buildings with high-altitude shelving storage, it is allowed to use the structures of racks as a coating support and fastening of outer walls.
5.36. In warehouses for food storage, it is necessary to envisage: enclosing structures without protruding ribs and from materials that are not destroyed by rodents; Solid and without voids of the canvas of the outer doors, gates and hatch covers; devices for closing holes for ventilation systems; The steel grid fences (with cells with dimensions of no more than 12 x 12 mm) of the ventilation holes in the walls and air ducts located within 1.2 m above the floor level and windows of basement floors (the structures of the steel grid of the windows must be open or removable).
In the projects of such warehouse buildings, it is necessary to provide for instructions on the careful sealing of the holes for passing pipelines (in the walls, partitions and floors) and the conjugations of the enclosing structures of the premises (internal and outer walls, partitions between themselves and with floors or overlaps).

Storage facilities intended for food storage can be equipped with deratization systems.
5.37. Columns and designs of the frame of the openings in warehouse buildings in the fields of intensive movement of outdoor transport must be protected from mechanical damage and painted in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026.
To limit damage to the columns when moving goods, it should be used, as a rule, columns of the tubular section.
5.38. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms should be designed, taking into account the requirements of the protection of goods and loading and unloading mechanisms from atmospheric precipitation.
A canopy over railway loading and unloading ramps and platforms should be overlapped by an axis of the railway track at least 0.5 m, and over the automobile ramps must overlap the automotive passage at least 1.5 m from the edge of the ramp.
5.39. The length of the loading and unloading ramp should be determined depending on the freight turnover and the capacity of the warehouse, as well as on the basis of the volume-planning solution of the building.
The width of the loading and unloading ramp and platforms must be taken in accordance with the requirements of technology and safety equipment of loading and unloading.
5.40. The designs of the ramp and canopies adjacent to buildings I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance classes of fire danger C0 and C1 should be taken from non-combustible materials.
5.41. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms must have at least two dispersed stairs or ramps.
5.42. The edge of the loading and unloading ramp for road transport from the side of the car entrance should be 1.2 m from the surface level of the roadway or the loading and unloading site.
5.43. Loading and unloading ramps and platforms for railway rolling stock should be designed based on the requirements of GOST 9238.
5.44. The width of the ramps for the passage of floor vehicles should not less than 0.6 m exceed the maximum width of the loaded vehicle. The bias of ramps should be taken no more than 16% when they are placed in closed rooms and no more than 10% when placing outside buildings.
5.45. In warehouses, the temperature, relative humidity and speed of air should be taken in accordance with the requirements of the technology storage technology and the requirements of the SP 60.13330.
In the openings of the gate in the outer walls should be mounted docks, isolating the internal space of the warehouse from the effects of the external environment.
5.46. The structures and materials of the bases and coating of floors of warehouses and premises should be prescribed, taking into account the perception of loads from the stored cargo, the type and intensity of the mechanical effects of floor transport and dusting, the accumulation of static electricity and sparking, taking into account the requirements of the SP 29.13330.
For coating floors of warehouses, designed to store food products, not allowed by the use of masts and degtep mastics and other environmentally harmful materials.
When storing cargo, the temperature of which exceeds 60 ° C, heat-resistant floors should be provided.
5.47. Multi-storey warehouse buildings categories B and V should be designing no more than 60 m wide.
5.48. Warehouse premises of production buildings should be separated from other premises in accordance with the requirements of the SP 4.13130.
5.49. Storage buildings with high-rise rack storage should be designed, taking into account the requirements of the SP 4.13130.
5.50. When separated by technological or sanitary conditions, partitions of warehouses with cargoes, the same by fire hazard, the requirements for partitions are determined in the process of the project.
According to the requirements of the cargo storage technology, an expedition, acceptance, sorting and cargo package is allowed to post directly in storages, without separation by their partitions. At the same time, jobs for merchandising, experts, storekeners, rebels, accountants and operators are allowed to protect partitions with non-normalized fire resistance limits and a fire hazard class (glazed or with a grid with a deaf part of no more than 1.2 m, collapsible and sliding).
5.51. In the window openings of warehouse buildings, it is necessary to arrange opening window framugues with a total area determined by the calculation of smoke removal during the fire.
It is allowed in the premises of the storage facilities not to arrange window openings when ensuring smoke removal in accordance with the requirements of the joint venture 7.13130.

Of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on making changes to individual legislative acts Russian Federation", increasing the level of harmonization of regulatory requirements with European and international regulatory documents, the use of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and assessment methods. Requirements of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ" Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements "and Code of Rules of the Fire System Rules protection.

Note - When using this Code of Rules, it is advisable to check the action of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national authority of the Russian Federation on the network of Internet or on the annual information indicators "National Standards", which is published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the relevant monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this Code of Rules should be guided by a replaced (modified) document. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, the position in which the reference is given to it is applied in a portion that does not affect this reference.

combine, as a rule, in one building of the room for various industries, warehouses, including the premises of expeditions, acceptance, sorting and configuration of goods, administrative and household premises, as well as premises for engineering equipment;

develop volume-planning and design solutions in accordance with the requirements of the National Standard "System of Project Documentation for Construction. Modular coordination Sizes in construction. Basic provisions ";

take the number of floors and the height of the building within the limits set by 5.29, on the basis of the results of the comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the options for placing production or warehouse in buildings of various floors (heights), taking into account the provision of high levels architectural solutions and energy efficiency;

source planning and design solutions to take in accordance with the technological part of the project developed according to the norms of technological design. Volume-planning solutions of warehouse buildings should provide the possibility of reconstruction, changes in the technology of warehousing of goods without a significant restructuring of buildings;

4.4 Accommodation in the production buildings of consumables (intermediate) raw materials and semi-finished products in the amount established by technological design standards to ensure a continuous technological process, it is allowed directly in the industrial premises open or behind the retailed fences. In the absence of such data in technological design standards, the number of these goods should be, as a rule, no more than one and a half second-hand need.

4.5 The safety of people's stay in buildings should be ensured by sanitary-epidemiological and microclimatic conditions: lack of harmful substances in the air of the working areas above the maximum permissible concentrations, the minimum release of heat and moisture to the room; The lack of higher than the permissible values \u200b\u200bof noise, vibration, ultrasound level, electromagnetic waves, radio frequencies, static electricity and ionizing radiation, as well as restriction of physical exertion, attention voltage and prevention of fatigue working in accordance with the requirements, and existing hygienic standards.

Engineering systems Must have automatic or manual adjustment of the air access system. Building heating systems must be equipped with heat flux instruments.

4.7 In warehouse buildings it is allowed to use polymer and polymer-containing materials in building structures, allowed to use sanitary-epidemiological conclusions.

4.8 To eliminate the negative impact of production facilities on environment Events should be performed on cleaning and neutralizing industrial effluents, capturing and cleaning technological and ventilation emissions, the introduction of waste-free and low-waste technologies; timely removal, disposal and disposal of production waste.

Heat and power plant. Collection regulatory documents Collective authors

3. Territory, production buildings and structures for the placement of thermal power plants

3.1. General provisions

3.1.1. The territory for the placement of production buildings and structures of thermal power plants is determined by the project and the passport of the thermal power installation.

3.1.2. During the operation of thermal power installations, systematic control over buildings and structures is carried out. The control is carried out by persons from the number of management personnel and specialists of the organization who have been checking the knowledge of these Rules and appointed by the order.

3.1.3. In each organization operating thermal installations, the following documentation is constantly stored:

regulatory documents on the enterprise on the distribution of responsibility for the operation and repair of industrial buildings and structures for the placement of thermal power plants between the heads of the organization's units with a clear list of buildings, structures, premises and sections of the territory;

copies of orders, managerial management orders for the operation and repair of industrial buildings and structures;

order or an order to allocate from the staff of the Organization's units of the organization responsible for controlling the operation of buildings, structures and territories transmitted to the department operating thermal power plants;

local instructions for the operation of buildings and structures of organizations of the Organization, developed on the basis of typical subject to specific local conditions;

the scheme-General of the Organization with the application of buildings and structures and the boundaries of the division of the territory on the plots transferred to the responsibility of units operating thermal power plants;

executive schemes - General planners of underground facilities and communications on the territory of the organization;

sets of drawings of the construction part of the projects of each building and building an organization with executive drawings and schemes for those designs and communications, which in the construction process were changed against the initial project solution; passports for each building and construction;

magazines technical inspections building structures of buildings and structures;

magazines for recording the results of measuring the level of groundwater in wells-piezometers and materials of chemical tests of groundwater;

environmental magazines for buildings and structures, where or possible processes that violate the environmental parameters determined by sanitary standards are possible, or the corrosion processes of building structures are noted. The list of such buildings and structures is approved by the head of the organization;

information and technical literature, a set of necessary regulatory documents or instructions on the operation and repair of industrial buildings and structures;

approved by the head official instructions Personnel operating the territories, buildings and structures for the placement of thermal power plants.

3.2. Territory

3.2.1. To ensure the proper operational and sanitary condition of the territory, buildings and structures of the organization to accommodate thermal power plants, and contain in good condition:

fencing of the corresponding part of the territory; Surface water removal systems from the entire territory from buildings and structures (drainage, contractions, ditch, drainage channels, etc.);

network of water supply, sewage, thermal, transport, gaseous and liquid fuel, etc.;

network outdoor lighting, communication, signaling; sources of drinking water, water bodies and sanitary zones of water supply sources;

railway tracks and moving, roads, fire trip drives, entrances to fire hydrants, water bodies, bridges, pedestrian roads and transitions, etc.;

anti-alone, anti-bomb, bererecting, anti-solvin and anti-erastic structures; basic and working reper and brands;

piezometers and control wells for observation of groundwater regimens;

systems of lightning protection and grounding.

3.2.2. Hidden underground communication: water pipes, sewage, heat pipelines, as well as gas pipelines, air bodies and cables of all destinations are indicated on the surface of the earth by pointers.

3.2.3. If there is an underground metal communications and structures on the territory of the wandering currents and is provided with an electrochemical method.

3.2.4. By the beginning of floods, all drainage networks and devices are subject to inspection and preparation for skipping surface water; The locations of the cables, pipes, ventilation channels through the walls are compacted, and the pumping mechanisms are given in the readiness to work.

3.2.5. In the boiler-mounted 10 or more gkal / h, it is necessary to organize observations of groundwater level in control wells-piezometers with periodicity:

in 1 years of operation - at least 1 time per month;

in subsequent years, depending on the change in the level of groundwater, but at least 1 time per quarter.

Control wells-piezometers should be placed in the zone of the largest density of water supply networks, sewage and heat supply. The results of the observations are entered into a special magazine.

In karst zones, control over groundwater regimens is organized by special programs In the time limits provided for by local instructions.

3.2.6. In the case of the detection of sediments and landslide phenomena, the grounding of the soils on the territory of the placement of thermal power plants is taken to eliminate the reasons that caused a violation of normal primer conditions, and the elimination of their consequences.

3.2.7. Construction of buildings and structures is carried out only in the presence of a project.

The implementation of all construction and installation works within the alienation zone where heat power plants are placed, allowed from the permission of the head of the operating organization, with a technical justification.