1 b, 2 a, 3b, 4 b, 5 c, 6 d, 7 b, 8 c, 9 c, 10 c, 11 c, 12 b, 13 c, 14 a, 15 b, 16 a, 17 a, 18 a, 19 a, 20 c, 21 b, 22 a, 23 c, 24 b, 25 d.
Economics and organization of health care Assignments in test form
1. According to the World Health Organization, health is
a) absence of disease
b) normal functioning of body systems
c) a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or physical defects
d) the state of the human body when the functions of its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful changes
2. The leading criterion of public health for practical healthcare
a) demographic indicators
b) morbidity of the population
c) physical development
d) disability
3. Leading factors shaping population health
a) biological
b) natural
c) socio-economic
d) organization medical care
4. The greatest influence on the formation of public health has
a) genetic risk
b) environment
c) lifestyle of the population
d) level and quality of medical care
5. The universal integrated indicator of population health is
a) average life expectancy
b) birth rate
c) mortality
d) natural increase (decrease)
6. Infant mortality is the mortality of children
a) up to 14 years old
b) up to 4 years
c) in the first year of life
d) in the first month of life
7. The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by
a) natural population growth
b) zero natural increase
c) natural decline
d) the undulation of the demographic process
8. Demographic policy in Russia assumes
a) increasing the birth rate
b) decreased birth rate
c) optimization of natural population growth
d) reduction in mortality
9. Mandatory state registration indicators are subject to
a) demographic (number of births, deaths)
b) morbidity
c) physical development
d) disability
10. Preventative medical examinations help identify diseases
a) acute
b) chronic
c) in the early stages
d) infectious
11. The source of studying morbidity by appeal is
a) control chart of dispensary observation
b) medical record of an inpatient
c) statistical report of updated diagnoses
d) certificate of incapacity for work
12. The main accounting document when studying morbidity with temporary disability
a) certificate of incapacity for work
b) certificate of examination by the medical and social expert commission
c) control chart of dispensary observation
d) outpatient medical record
13. The source of studying infectious morbidity is
a) medical record of an outpatient
b) emergency notification of an infectious disease, food poisoning, acute occupational poisoning
c) medical record of an inpatient
d) statistical report of updated diagnoses
14. The main cause of mortality is
a) gastrointestinal diseases
c) cancer
d) injuries, accidents, poisoning
15. In the structure of morbidity in terms of appealability, diseases occupy 1st place
a) digestive system
b) circulatory system
c) respiratory organs
d) musculoskeletal system
16. In the structure of causes of disability, 1st place is occupied by
a) respiratory diseases
b) cardiovascular diseases
c) injuries, accidents, poisoning
d) malignant formations
17. The disability group is established
a) Deputy Chief Physician for Work Capacity Examination
b) clinical expert commission
c) medical and social expert commission
d) head of department
18. In Russia, until 1994, the healthcare system operated
a) insurance
b) private
c) state
d) mixed
19. Currently in Russian Federation healthcare model adopted
a) state
b) budgetary insurance
c) private
d) mixed
20. Health insurance funds finance
a) development of the material and technical base of healthcare
b) training of medical personnel and scientific research
c) disaster medicine
d) provision of guaranteed types of medical care under the compulsory health insurance program
21. Guaranteed types of medical care are provided with insurance
a) compulsory medical
b) voluntary medical
c) returnable
d) social
22. The main element of the basic compulsory health insurance program is
a) primary health care
b) inpatient surgical care
c) obstetrics
d) preventive work with healthy adult population
23. Purpose of accreditation medical institution is
a) protection of consumer interests medical services
b) determining the scope of medical care
c) establishing compliance with quality standards of medical care
d) assessment of the degree of qualification of medical personnel
24. First of all, institutions of a certain form of ownership are subject to accreditation and licensing
a) state
b) regional
c) private
d) municipal
25. Licensing of a medical institution means
a) determination of the types and volume of medical care at health care facilities
b) issuance of documents for the right to engage in a certain type of medical and preventive activities
c) determining the conformity of the quality of medical care established standards
d) assessment of the degree of qualification of medical personnel
26. Improving medical care to the population of the Russian Federation at the present stage is associated with the development
a) inpatient care
b) medical science
c) rural health care
d) primary health care
27. Priority subsystem for budgetary insurance medicine
a) inpatient care for the population
b) outpatient care
c) rural healthcare
d) state sanitary and epidemiological supervision
28. New type of health care institutions
a) local hospital
b) nursing hospital
c) city clinic
d) multidisciplinary hospital
29. The most promising option is the provision of primary health care
a) local doctors
b) doctors of narrow specialization
c) general practitioners
d) shop doctors
30. Preventive work of outpatient clinics consists of organizing
a) day hospitals
b) medical examination of the population
c) therapeutic assistance in the clinic and at home
d) rehabilitation work
31. Clinical examination is a method
a) detection of acute and infectious diseases
b) active dynamic monitoring of the health status of certain groups for the purpose of early detection and improvement of patients
c) monitoring the state of the environment
d) providing emergency assistance
32. Preventative medical examinations are the basis
a) primary health care
b) medical examination
c) rehabilitation work
d) work ability examinations
33. The capacity of the hospital is determined
a) the size of the population served
b) number of beds
c) the number of working doctors
d) level of technical equipment
34. Paramedical workers have the right to issue a certificate of incapacity for work individually and at a time for a period
a) up to 3 days
b) up to 5 days
c) up to 7 days
d) up to 10 days
35. The first stage of rural health care is
a) first aid station
b) rural medical station
c) district link
d) regional or republican level
36. Insurance contributions of employers are based on the wage fund
a) 2.5%
b) 3.6%
c) 5.0%
d) 7.5%
37. A document that is a guarantee of receiving free medical care under budgetary insurance medicine
a) passport
b) insurance policy
c) medical record of an outpatient
d) medical record of an inpatient
38. Clinics provide assistance to the population
a) social
b) primary treatment and prophylaxis
c) sanitary and anti-epidemic
d) stationary
39. Outpatient obstetric and gynecological care is provided
a) maternity hospitals
b) dispensaries
c) antenatal clinics, medical and obstetric centers
d) family planning centers
40. Paramedic and midwife stations provide assistance
a) specialized medical
b) sanitary and anti-epidemic
c) pre-medical medical
d) social
41. The organization of paramedic and midwifery stations contributes to
a) improving the quality of medical care for rural residents
b) bringing medical care closer to the population
c) provision rural population specialized types of medical care
d) providing the population with qualified medical care
42. Pediatric care is provided to children
a) medical units
b) children's clinics and hospitals
c) children's educational institutions
d) centers of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance
43. A special feature of the children's clinic is the presence
a) specialized rooms
b) school and preschool department
c) departments of functional diagnostics
d) laboratories
44. A feature of the provision of medical care to women and children is
a) mass participation
b) general availability
c) clearly expressed preventive orientation
d) professionalism of medical workers
45. Preventive focus is leading in the activities of institutions
a) rural health care
b) outpatient clinic
c) state sanitary and epidemiological supervision
d) ambulance and emergency care
46. The task of primary prevention is
a) early diagnosis of diseases
b) prevention of relapses and complications
c) improvement of the environment
d) hygienic education of the population
47. Postgraduate training of medical personnel is carried out at least once
a) at 3 years old
b) at 5 years old
c) at 7 years old
d) at 10 years old
48. Basic functional responsibility the ward nurse is
a) organization of timely discharge, correct accounting, distribution and storage of medicines and materials
c) control over the correct placement of medical personnel
d) control over the timeliness and accuracy of the implementation of medical prescriptions by nursing staff
49. The main functional responsibility of the head nurse of the hospital department is
b) direct patient care
c) organizational and supervisory functions (correct placement of personnel, prescribing medications, etc.)
d) training nurses on how to clean wards and corridors
50. A feature of the functions of nurses in specialized clinic rooms is
a) fulfilling doctor’s orders
b) carrying out special medical and diagnostic procedures as directed by a doctor
c) preparing the doctor’s office to receive patients
d) sanitary education work
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...5
Section 1. Population health……………………………………………………...7
1.1. Population health and factors of its formation………………7
1.2. Population morbidity………………………………………. .13
1.3. Disease as social and hygienic problems……………….25
1.4. Physical development of the population………………………...................29
Section 2. Primary health care is a priority direction for the development of Russian
healthcare systems……………………………………………………………..31
Section 3. Organization and structure of the primary
health care……………………….……………….....40
Section 4. Organization of outpatient care……..84
Section 5. Clinical examination……………..……………………………..105
5.1. Clinical examination in the work of a nurse……………….105
5.2. Stages of clinical examination development……………………………….106
5.3. General goals and objectives…………………………………………….107
5.4. Stages of clinical examination…………………………………………………….110
5.5. Documentation during medical examination……………………………116
5.6. Clinical examination of the child population…………………………..117
5.7. Regulations on the centralized annual accounting office
medical examination of the entire population……………………………124
5.8. Approximate job description m/s office
centralized accounting of annual medical examinations
of the entire population……………………………………………………..125
Section 6. What are health centers……………………………..127
Section 7. National project “Health”………………………..129
Section 8. Prevention of non-communicable diseases………..….152
Section 9. Prevention of infectious diseases……………...167
Section 10. Features of labor protection in primary health care organizations.
Participation of a nurse in the examination of work ability……..188
Section 11. Health insurance…………………………….…..196
Literature……………………………………………………………...207
Introduction
Human life is very fragile. In the course of life, every person is in danger of the onset of circumstances that can most directly affect his health and lead to the loss of means of subsistence. Such circumstances include: illness, injury, disability, etc.
They directly affect the social stability of society, therefore the state assumes a certain share of responsibility for their occurrence and creates a healthcare system aimed at preserving and strengthening the physical and mental health of each person, maintaining his long active life, providing him with medical care in case of loss of health .
A special place in the system of protecting the health of citizens is occupied by the provision of primary health care, which is the most common and one of the main types medical care population.
Primary health care, as one of the types of medical care, is a direct source of legal relations that are regulated by relevant regulations.
Acceptance of multitudes federal laws, mainly laws delimiting and establishing the powers of state authorities and local self-government, led to the need to rethink the structure of medical organizations, their affiliation with a certain level of government, sources and mechanisms of financing and, as a consequence, to a change in the order of their functioning, including in the field of providing primary health care to citizens. This has led to the need for changes in legal regulation in the field of primary health care to ensure the correct functioning of this component of the health care system. Thus, improving the laws governing the provision of primary health care to citizens has become one of the tasks of modern medical law.
Section 1. POPULATION HEALTH
POPULATION HEALTH AND FACTORS FORMING IT
According to WHO definition health - This is a state of complete socio-biological and mental well-being, when the functions of all organs and systems of the human body are balanced with nature and the social environment and there are no diseases, painful conditions or physical defects.
Health - harmonious unity of biological and social qualities caused by congenital and acquired biological and social influences (disease is a violation of this unity, this harmony).
Individual health - This is a state assessed by personal well-being, the presence or absence of diseases, ability to work, physical condition and development, personal feelings of being, joy of life and other criteria and signs.
In different contexts and different situations Each person can evaluate or characterize their health as
Dynamic process;
A condition that is defined objectively and subjectively;
A goal to strive for;
Ability to take care of yourself;
State of personal integrity with optimal functioning of the body, mind, speech;
The set of functions of organs and systems that allow one to cope with stress caused by illness, death of loved ones and other life problems through adaptation;
Processes of growth and formation of the body;
Dynamic harmony of the individual with the environment, achieved through adaptation.
The following definition from the World Health Organization is widely known and used: health - This is a state of complete socio-biological and mental well-being, when the functions of all organs and systems of the human body are balanced with nature and the social environment and there are no diseases, painful conditions or physical defects.
Population health - This complex concept, assessed using medical and demographic indicators, indicators of morbidity and prevalence of diseases (morbidity) 1 (among which indicators of disability and injury are often distinguished), indicators of physical development of the population.
Public health and healthcare as a scientific discipline studies the health status of the population and the biological and socio-hygienic factors influencing it
Health Study Methods:
1. Statistical method - represents unified system accounting and reporting in healthcare.
2. Method expert assessments provides for obtaining opinions from experts.
3. Sociological method - conducting surveys and questionnaires of the population.
4. Medical-geographical method - with its help, natural focal and endemic diseases are studied.
5. Timing, which allows you to measure the time spent on various types of medical activities.
6. Organizational-experimental method, based on the creation of experimental models of certain types of activities (for example, organizing an ambulance system for acute vascular lesions of the brain) or health care institutions.
7. Economic analysis costs and efficiency of use of funds for various types of activities in healthcare.
8. Historical method, which provides the study of a phenomenon taking into account time, place, and historical conditions.
9. Systems approach, which involves the study of any processes, phenomena, organizational structures as systems consisting of subsystems and at the same time being subsystems of larger systems; Thus, a hospital consists of subsystems - departments, services, wards, offices, etc., and at the same time is part of the healthcare system of a certain territory.
Key population health indicators:
1. Medical and demographic indicators:
a) vital statistics:
Mortality overall and by age;
Average life expectancy;
Fertility, fertility;
Natural population growth;
Marriage;
Age and sex structure of the population.
b) indicators mechanical movement population:
Population migration - immigration; emigration; pendulum-shaped - to work, from work, to rest to the south and back; within the country - outflow of population from the territories of Eastern Siberia due to the deterioration economic situation and living conditions.
2. Indicators of morbidity (general, for individual nosological forms of diseases) and prevalence of diseases (morbidity).
3. Indicators of disability (general, from individual diseases and their groups).
4. Indicators of physical development of the population:
Anthropometric indicators;
Somatoscopic indicators;
Functional indicators.
5. Injury rates:
Age-specific;
In various social groups of the population. Health Research Sources:
- accounting and reporting documentation of health care facilities;
Results of sociological research various groups population;
Research work related to the area of interest to the researcher;
Various monographs devoted to the study of the state of public health.
The main factors shaping population health:
1. Socio-economic factors (working conditions, living conditions, etc.).
2. Socio-biological, psychological factors (age of parents, course of labor, heredity, body type, temperament, type of higher nervous activity).
3. Natural and climatic factors (solar radiation, average annual temperature in the area of residence).
4. Medical factors (state of health services and personnel, organization of medical care, medical activity of the population).
The division of these factors into groups is very arbitrary, because Usually a person experiences a complex impact of interrelated and mutually conditioning factors.
List of some factors affecting human health:
a) in the prenatal period of development:
Maternal diseases: gynecological, extragenital;
Mother’s lifestyle: nutrition, daily routine, working and living conditions;
Medical activity: timely visit to the antenatal clinic regarding pregnancy, further observation, etc.
b) during childbirth:
Conditions in which delivery occurs, the course of labor (presence, absence of complications);
Professionalism of medical personnel, etc.
c) in the period up to one year of life: living conditions, the degree of training of the mother in child care activities, the frequency and frequency of monitoring the child by medical personnel, the professionalism of medical workers monitoring the child, etc.
d) in preschool age: living conditions, microclimate in the family, conditions in a preschool institution (preschool institution), care of the child and the peculiarities of his upbringing by parents and employees of the preschool institution, frequency and frequency of observation of the child by medical personnel (local pediatrician, nurse at the children's clinic, medical staff of the preschool institution ), professionalism of medical workers, etc.
e) at school age: the process of adaptation to the school environment, academic workload, microclimate at school, rational combination of work and rest, relationships between the child and parents, the child and the teaching staff of the school, the child and his peers, the frequency and frequency of observation of the child by medical personnel, the professionalism of medical workers, etc. .
f) in adolescence: the nature of the teenager’s relationships with parents and peers, the degree of awareness of the rules and the need to maintain personal hygiene, a rational combination of work and rest, the frequency and frequency of observation of the teenager by medical personnel, living conditions, significant changes in the course of physiological and psychological processes in connection with transition period and etc.
On the health of women of childbearing age The following factors influence: working and living conditions, medical activity (timely visits to various specialists), microclimate in the family and at work, etc.
On the health of men of working age are influenced by working and living conditions, lifestyle (bad habits), medical activity, awareness and satisfaction with the degree of self-realization in society, etc.
On the health of older people are influenced by the microclimate in the family, lifestyle, endocrine changes in the body, the presence of various diseases, satisfaction with one’s position in the family and society, etc.
To your health industrial workers influence: temperature and humidity in the work area, exposure to occupationally harmful factors on the body (noise, vibration, presence of harmful substances in the inhaled air), level of physical activity, etc.; for agricultural workers: level of physical activity, seasonality various types work, medical activity of healthcare workers and availability of medical care, occupational hazards; for employees of commercial structures: disinterest in monitoring one's health, medical activity, level of physical and emotional stress, working conditions; for medical workers: level of physical and psychological stress, occupational hazards (working with blood, x-ray exposure, etc.), working conditions; for knowledge workers: working conditions (physical inactivity, monotony), mental stress, irrational combination of work and rest.
INCIDENCE IN THE POPULATION
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a system for grouping diseases and pathological conditions, reflecting the current stage of development of medical science.
Choose one correct answer:
1. According to the World Health Organization, health is:
1. absence of disease
2. normal functioning of body systems
3. a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
4. the state of the human body when the functions of its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment
2. The leading criterion of public health for practical healthcare:
1. demographic indicators
2. morbidity of the population
3. physical development
4. disability
3. Leading factors shaping population health:
1. biological
2. natural
3. socio-economic
4. organization of medical care
4. The greatest influence on the formation of public health is exerted by:
1. genetic risk
2. environment
3. lifestyle of the population
4. level and quality of medical care
5. The universal integrated indicator of population health is:
1. average life expectancy
2. fertility
3. mortality natural increase (decrease)
6. Infant mortality is the mortality of children:
1.up to 14 years old
2. up to 4 years
3. in the first year of life
4. in the first month of life
7. Demographic situation in Russia is characterized by:
1. natural population growth
2. zero natural growth
3. natural decline
4. the undulation of the demographic process
8. Population policy in Russia assumes:
1. increased fertility
2. Decrease in fertility
3. optimization of natural population growth
4. reduction in mortality
9. The following indicators are subject to mandatory state registration:
1. demographic (number of births, deaths)
2. morbidity
3. physical development
4. disability
10. Preventive medical examinations help identify diseases:
2. chronic
3. in the early stages
4. infectious
11. The source of studying morbidity by appeal is:
1. control chart of dispensary observation
2. medical record of an inpatient
3. statistical report of updated diagnoses
4. certificate of incapacity for work
12. Basic accounting document when studying morbidity with temporary disability:
1. certificate of incapacity for work
2. certificate of examination by the medical and social expert commission
3. control chart of dispensary observation
4. outpatient medical record
13. The source of studying infectious morbidity is:
1. outpatient medical record
2. emergency notification of an infectious disease, food poisoning, acute occupational poisoning
3. medical record of an inpatient
4. statistical report of updated diagnoses
14. The main causes of mortality are:
1. gastrointestinal diseases
3. cancer
4. injuries, accidents, poisoning
15. In the structure of morbidity in terms of appealability, diseases occupy 1st place
1. digestive system
2. circulatory system
3. respiratory organs
4. musculoskeletal system
16. In the structure of causes of disability, 1st place is occupied by:
1. respiratory diseases
2. cardiovascular diseases
3. injuries, accidents, poisoning
4. malignant formations
17. The disability group is established:
1. Deputy Chief Physician for the examination of work capacity
2. clinical expert commission
3. medical and social expert commission
4. head of department
18. In Russia, until 1994, the healthcare system operated
1. insurance
2. private
3. state
4. mixed
19. Currently, the Russian Federation has adopted a model
healthcare:
1. state
2. budgetary and insurance
3. private
4. mixed
20. Health insurance funds finance:
1. development of the material and technical base of healthcare
2. medical training and research
3. disaster medicine
4. provision of guaranteed types of medical care under the compulsory health insurance program
21. Guaranteed types of medical care are provided with insurance:
1. compulsory medical
2. voluntary medical
3. returnable
4. social
22. The main element of the basic compulsory health insurance program is
1. primary health care
2. inpatient surgical care
3. obstetrics
4. preventive work with healthy adult population
23. The purpose of accreditation of a medical institution is:
1. protection of the interests of the consumer of medical services
2. determination of the scope of medical care
3. establishing compliance with quality standards of medical care
4. assessment of the degree of qualification of medical personnel
24. Institutions with the following form of ownership are subject to accreditation and licensing:
1. only state
2. private only
3. with any form of ownership
4. only municipal
25. Licensing of a medical institution means:
1. determination of the types and volume of medical care at health care facilities
2. issuance of documents for the right to engage in a certain type of medical and preventive activities
3. determination of compliance of the quality of medical care with established standards
4. assessment of the degree of qualification of medical personnel
26. Improving medical care to the population of the Russian Federation at the present stage is associated with the development of:
1. inpatient care
2. medical science
3. rural health
4. Primary health care
27. Priority subsystem for budgetary insurance medicine:
1. inpatient care for the population
2. outpatient care
3. rural healthcare
4. Rospotrebnadzor service
28. New type of health care institutions:
2. nursing hospital
3. city clinic
4. multidisciplinary hospital
29. The most promising option for providing primary health care is:
1. local doctors
2. doctors of narrow specialization
3. general practitioners
4. shop doctors
30. Preventive work of outpatient clinics
is to organize:
1. day hospitals
2. medical examination of the population
3. therapeutic care in the clinic and at home
4. rehabilitation work
31. Clinical examination is a method:
1. 1. detection of acute and infectious diseases
2. 2. active dynamic monitoring of the health status of certain groups for the purpose of early detection and improvement of patients
3. environmental monitoring
4. emergency assistance
32. Preventive medical examinations are the basis for:
1. primary health care
2. medical examination
3. rehabilitation work
4. work ability examinations
33. The capacity of a hospital is determined by:
1.number of population served
2. number of beds
3. number of working doctors
4. level of technical equipment
34. Paramedical workers have the right to issue a certificate of incapacity for work individually and at a time for the following period:
1. up to 3 days
2. up to 5 days
3.up to 7 days
4. up to 10 days
35. The first stage of rural health care is:
1. first aid station
2. rural medical site
3. district link
4. regional level
36. The basic idea underlying marketing is the idea:
1.human needs;
4. transactions.
37. A document that guarantees the receipt of free medical care under budgetary insurance medicine:
1. passport
2. insurance policy
3. outpatient medical record
4. medical record of an inpatient
38. Outpatient clinics provide assistance to the population:
1. social
2. primary treatment and prophylaxis
3. sanitary and anti-epidemic
4. stationary
39. Outpatient obstetric and gynecological care is provided by:
1. maternity hospitals
2. dispensaries
3. antenatal clinics, paramedic-midwife stations
4. family planning centers
40. Paramedic and midwife stations provide assistance:
1. specialized medical
2. sanitary and anti-epidemic
3. pre-medical medical
4. social
41. The organization of paramedic and midwife stations contributes to:
1. improving the quality of medical care for rural residents
2. bringing medical care closer to the population
3. providing the rural population with specialized species
4. providing the population with qualified medical care
42. Pediatric care for children is provided by:
1. medical and sanitary units
2. children's clinics and hospitals
3. children's educational institutions
4. Rospotrebnadzor centers
43. A feature of a children's clinic is the presence of:
1. specialized rooms
2. school and preschool department
3. departments of functional diagnostics
4. laboratories
44. A feature of the provision of medical care to women and children is:
1. mass appeal
2. general availability
3. pronounced preventive focus
4. professionalism of medical workers
45. Preventive focus is leading in the activities of institutions:
1. rural health
2. outpatient clinic
3. Rospotrebnadzor
4. Ambulance and emergency care
46. The task of primary prevention is:
1. early diagnosis of diseases
2. prevention of relapses and complications
3. improving the environment
4. hygienic education of the population
47. Postgraduate training of medical personnel is carried out at least once:
16. at 3 years old
48. Main functions of management:
1. planning, organizing, setting goals
2. planning, task definition, control, communication
3. planning, defining tasks, goals
4. planning, organization, motivation, control.
49. In the medical services market, the main object of purchase and sale is:
1. labor of medical workers
2. medical service
3. public health
4. health of medical workers
50. The basis for health planning in the transition to market relations are, data about:
1. needs for treatment and preventive services
2. population demand for medical care
3. needs for diagnostic assistance
4. balance of need and demand for medical services
Basics of rehabilitation
Choose one correct answer:
1. A set of measures aimed at restoring impaired body functions is:
1. reformation
2. rehabilitation
3. translocation
4. transplantation
2. The modern concept of rehabilitation was formed:
1. in Ancient Rome
2. during World War II
3. in the second half of the 19th century
4. at the beginning of the 20th century
3. Basic principles of rehabilitation:
1. early start
2. individual approach
3. complexity
4. all listed grains
4. The main direction of rehabilitation in the 21st century:
1. application of technological advances
2. development of individual programs
3. development of rehabilitation standards
4. application of modern diagnostics
5. In rehabilitation, the following aspects are distinguished:
1. physical
2. social
3. psychological
4. all of the above are true
6.The main task of the nurse in the rehabilitation of the patient:
1. help the patient with self-care
2. patient care
3. help the patient cope with the problem himself
4. train relatives to care for the patient
7. Measures to prevent complications are carried out:
1. at all stages of treatment
2. in the acute period of the disease
3. at the stage of patient rehabilitation
4. only if complications develop
8. With depression, the patient experiences the following problems:
1. increased physical activity
2. exacerbation of hysterical personality traits
3. lack of self-confidence, loss of strength
4. intolerance towards others
9. Using electrophoresis, the following is carried out:
1. electric muscle massage
2. introduction of a medicinal substance into the body
3. electrosleep
4. tissue micromassage
10. The air gap between the patient’s body and the capacitor plastics is used when:
1. UHF therapy
2. Electrophoresis
3. Ultrasound therapy
4. magnetic therapy
11. Radiation has a vitamin-forming effect:
1. infrared
2. ultraviolet
3. visible
12. High pressure jet used in shower:
2. Circular
3. Rising
4. Fan
13. Balneotherapy is.
Tests to prepare for the control seminar and exam
Choose the correct answer
1. Economics and healthcare management is a science:
About the patterns of public health and economic relations in healthcare about public health about the system of measures to protect public health about the sociology of health
2.Main criteria public health for practical health care are:
Demographic indicators morbidity of the population physical development disability
3. The greatest influence on the formation of public health is exerted by:
Genetic risk environment lifestyle of the population level and quality of medical care
4. The main factors influencing infectious morbidity include:
Climatic zone population migration age composition population gender composition of the population
5. Infant mortality is the mortality of children:
Up to 10 years up to 3 years in the first year of life in the first month of life
6.Demographic situation in modern Russia characterized by:
Natural increase zero natural increase natural decrease undulation
7. The following indicators are subject to mandatory state registration:
Demographic (birth and death) incidence of physical development disability
8. The source of studying morbidity by appeal is:
Control card of dispensary observation, medical record of an inpatient, statistical certificate of updated diagnoses, certificate of incapacity for work
9. The main accounting document when studying morbidity with temporary disability is:
Certificate of incapacity for work certificate of examination in a medical expert group control card of a dispensary patient medical card of an outpatient patient
10. In the structure of causes of disability, 1st place is occupied by:
Respiratory morbidity, cardiovascular diseases, injuries, accidents, poisoning, malignant neoplasms
11. Currently, the following healthcare model has been adopted in the Russian Federation:
1. state
2. budgetary and insurance
3. private
4. mixed
12. Health insurance guarantees citizens the following:
1. social benefits
2. medical care
4. spa treatment
13. The object of health insurance is:
1. enterprise
2. establishment
2. insurer
3. insured
4. all answers are correct
15. Insurance medical organization is:
1. health department
2. legally independent
4. all answers are correct
16. For the non-working population, compulsory medical insurance premiums are required to be paid by:
1. employers
2. the population itself
3. executive authorities
2. need
20. A system of principles, methods and measures based on a comprehensive study of consumer demand and the targeted formation of the supply of medical services by the manufacturer is:
4. all answers are correct
4. shift of the supply curve
23. A situation in which the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded is called:
Deficit surplus surplus of goods all answers are correct
24. Costs of medicines in health care facilities include:
1. to fixed costs
3. to gross costs
4. to marginal costs
25. A true measure of standard of living medical worker is:
Nominal real wage wage piecework wages time wages
4. all answers are correct
30. Depreciation expenses include:
1. to fixed costs
2. to variable costs
4. to marginal costs
31. What costs does the curve illustrate:
Costs
volume of products produced
1. fixed costs
2. variable costs
3. average costs
4. marginal costs
32. In order to reduce the average gross costs of health care facilities:
1. increases the number of medical services provided
2. installs water meters
3. installs energy-saving lamps
4. all answers are correct
33. The activities of organizations and individuals aimed at strengthening and improving the health status of citizens, allowing them to reimburse the costs of carrying out these activities and periodically make a profit at the expense of consumers of medical services or individuals and organizations financing their treatment are:
4. all answers are wrong
34.Which of the following does not apply to the organizational and legal forms of entrepreneurship in healthcare:
limited liability (LLC)" href="/text/category/obshestva_s_ogranichennoj_otvetstvennostmzyu__ooo_/" rel="bookmark">limited liability company open joint-stock company company with additional liability partnership with additional liability35. Sources of financing for health care facilities can be:
1. insurance payments for compulsory health insurance, received from the territorial compulsory health insurance fund in accordance with concluded agreements
2. loans from banks and other lenders
3. free and charitable contributions and donations
4. all answers are correct
36. When providing paid medical services, healthcare facilities strive to reduce:
1. average costs
2. marginal costs
3. explicit costs
4. all answers are correct
37. The effectiveness of using the funds available to health care facilities is shown by:
1. return on assets
2. profitability
3. depreciation
4. all answers are wrong
38. The price at which the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded is called:
1. equilibrium
2. wholesale
3. market
4. retail
39. First of all, the following types of ownership institutions are subject to accreditation and licensing:
1. state
2. regional
3. private
4. municipal
40.Insurance contributions to the compulsory medical insurance fund are required to be paid by:
1. insurance companies
2. public organizations
2. fee payment
3. piecework wages
4. lump sum wages
42. The main cause of mortality is:
Gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases, injuries, accidents, poisonings
43. Preventive medical examinations help identify
Acute chronic in the early stages of infectious
44. Demography is a science that studies:
Factors influencing population health, population morbidity, population and patterns of its reproduction; performance indicators of health care institutions
45. The universal integrated indicator of population health is:
Average life expectancy birth rate mortality natural increase
46. Insurance contributions to the voluntary health insurance fund are paid by:
Insurance companies, public organizations, private enterprises, all economic entities, regardless of their form of ownership
47. According to the World Health Organization, health is:
Absence of disease normal functioning of body systems a state of complete physical, spiritual and social well-being, and not just the absence of diseases and physical defects a state of the human body when the functions of its organs and systems are balanced with the external environment and there are no painful changes
48. In the structure of morbidity in terms of appealability, the following diseases occupy 1st place:
Digestive system circulatory system respiratory system musculoskeletal system
49. Additional medical and other services to citizens are provided by health insurance programs:
1. mandatory
2. voluntary
50. Compulsory health insurance has been introduced in Russia:
Since 1991 since 1988 since 1998 since 2000
51 . The main method of social and hygienic research is:
Historical statistical experimental economic
52. The leading factors shaping population health are:
1. biological
2. natural
3. socio-economic
4. organization of medical care
53. Maternal mortality is the mortality of pregnant women, women in labor, and postpartum women after the end of pregnancy during:
Two weeks one month 42 days 6 months
54. For the working population insurance premiums on compulsory medical insurance you are required to pay:
1. employers
2. executive authorities
3. the population itself
55. The amounts of accrued contributions to compulsory medical insurance are paid:
1. monthly
2. quarterly
3. 2 times a year
4. Once a year
56. A set of medical technologies, products, medical equipment, methods of organizing medical activities, pharmacological agents sold in conditions competitive economy This:
1. healthcare market
2. national market
3. local market
4. all answers are wrong
57. The amount of medical services that doctors can provide to the population in a certain period of time at certain prices is:
2. offer
3. all services provided in the health care system
4. all answers are correct
58. The dependence of the quantity of supply on the quantity of price characterizes:
1. law of supply
4. shift of the supply curve
59. Costs for disposable instruments in health care facilities include:
1. to fixed costs
2. to variable costs
3. to gross costs
4. to marginal costs
60. The head nurse of a department in a health care facility includes:
1. to the strategic level of management
2. to the operational level of management
3. to the tactical level of management
4. all answers are wrong
61. Which of the following does not apply to the management cycle:
1. decision making
62. What costs does the curve illustrate:
costs
volume of products produced
1. fixed costs
2. variable costs
3. average costs
4. marginal costs
63. The salaries of nurses include:
1. to variable costs
2. to average costs
3. to economic costs
4. to fixed costs
4. in a medical insurance organization
66. Living wage:
1. this is the amount of goods and services that an employee is able to purchase for the number of banknotes accrued to him
2. minimum wage
3. the sum of prices of goods and services that a person needs to maintain life
67. Demographic policy in Russia assumes
1.increasing the birth rate
2.decrease in fertility
3.optimization of natural population growth
4.decrease in mortality
68. In Russia, until 1994, the healthcare system operated
1. insurance
2. private
3. state
4. mixed
69. Paramedic and midwife stations provide assistance
1. specialized medical
2. sanitary and anti-epidemic
3. pre-medical medical
4. social
70. The main functional responsibility of the ward nurse is
1. organization of timely discharge, correct accounting, distribution and storage of medications and materials
2. direct patient care
3. control over the correct placement of medical personnel
4. control over the timeliness and accuracy of the implementation of medical prescriptions by nursing staff
71. Legal or capable individual who has entered into an insurance contract is:
1. policyholder
2. insurer
3. insured
72. Insurers for the non-working population with mandatory health insurance is:
1. insurance company
2. enterprise
3. local executive power
73.The most promising option for providing primary health care is:
1. local doctors
2. doctors of a narrow specialty
3. general practitioners
4. shop doctors
74. Which of the following does not apply to the management cycle:
1. decision making
2. control over the implementation of the decision
3. studying the situation, collecting and processing information
4. independence of the manager in decision making
75. The source of studying infectious morbidity is:
1. outpatient medical record
2. emergency notification of an infectious disease, foodborne, acute
occupational poisoning
3. outpatient medical record
4. statistical report of updated diagnoses
Sample answers to tests to prepare for the control seminar and exam
in the discipline "Economics and Healthcare Management"
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