State Saudi Arabia It was born on September 23, 1932. In 1926, Abdul al-Aziz from the Saud family united the regions of submarines and Hijaz and founded the Kingdom of EMRT and Hijaz, in 1932, after the conquest of Asyr and strengthen the positions in El Hass and Catiff, the country began to be called the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Modern Saudi Arabia is also sometimes called the Third Saudi State, distinguishing it in this way from the first and second state of the Saudi, which existed, respectively since 1744 to 1813 and from 1824 to 1891.
Oil Card.
Saudi Arabia is a real "oil barrel". Exports of this raw material gives 90% of the country's export revenues, 75% of budget revenues and 45% of state GDP. Oil has become for Saudi Arabia not only by the main product that rises the country's economy, but also a serious geopolitical goat.
The colossal oil reserves were discovered here in 1938, but because of World War II, large-scale developments had to postpone. The United States had its stake in the Arab Commission since 1933, Standard Oil Company of California was working on the territory of Saudi Arabia.
Without waiting for the end of the war, President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt in February 1945, after the completion of the Yalta Conference, held a meeting with Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud. Negotiations were held on board the American warship "Quincy" in Suez Channel. Then the so-called "Cuinxi Pact" was concluded, according to which the US monopoly was transferred to the United States. Roosevelt, in turn, promised to Satitis protection against the external threat.
Oil made Saudi Arabia with the richest state in his region, Abdul-Aziz by 1952 had a personal state of about 200 million dollars. The United States, in turn, received a good lever of influence on the oil market.
Rights of women and men
When it comes to Saudi Arabia, always remember the stringent laws of Sharia. Women are greatly limited in rights. So, in Saudi Arabia, a woman is not recommended to appear outside the house without accompanying Mahrama men (relative, husband), she is forbidden to communicate with other men if they are not Mahrama. In 2009, the brothers shot publicly two sisters for communication with other men, and in 2007, his father personally executed the daughter for communicating in Facebook with an unfamiliar man.
Women in Saudi Arabia are obliged everywhere to wear black Abai, in 2011, the religious police also began to demand that the woman in the physician closes the eyes, as they may be too sexy. Men in Saudi Arabia should defend the honor of the family and honor their women. There is such a notion of "Namus" or "Sharaf", which is translated as an honor. Observing Namus, a man can determine the punishment for a woman who violated the IRD - the rules of female piety.
For the sake of justice, it must be said that segregation in Saudi Arabia is distributed both on women and for men. Idle men are limited here in rights no less than women. All public areas are divided into two parts - for families (read "for women") and for men. In most places, the entrance for lonely men in principle is ordered, therefore, socially oppressed in the rights of no less women. Women in Saudi Arabia are fighting for their rights and have already achieved success in this matter, they can even take political positions.
Execution
The Law System of Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia's norms, the death penalty in the country is provided for intentional murder, armed robbery, homosexuality, extramarital (trunk) communications, religious apostasy, violent action of a sexual nature, the creation of the opposition authorities of the groupings.
Compliance with the norms of Sharia law is controlled by the religious police - mutavva, which is also called the Sharia Guard. It obeys the Committee on the promotion of virtue and deduction from vice.
For various crimes, various punishments are installed for various crimes - from shocks and bending with stones before cutting off the head.
The right to execute execution in Saudi Arabia is considered to be honorable, there are still several executive dynasties in the country, the skill is inherited. In 2013, Saudi Arabia faced a lack of personnel, the swordsmen now are becoming less and less, so the forms of execution of execution have changed.
Mecca and Medina
Saudi Arabia is one of the most closed countries World. Staying in Saints for Muslims, Mecca and Medina for non-Muslims is strictly prohibited by law. You can get to these cities only in Pilgrimn Groups Making Hajj. In history, however, there were cases of violation of these prohibitions.
The first famous non-Mesulmanin, who visited Mecca was the Italian traveler from Bologna Louis De Vethem, who visited here in 1503. Another non-Mesulmanin who visited Mecca was Sir Richard Francis Burton. In the middle of the XIX century, he made a hajj from Afghanistan under the fictional name.
Several facts
There are no rivers in Saudi Arabia. Water here is more expensive than gasoline. Magic is officially forbidden in Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, there are shops on sale, but they are made in accordance with the norms - women in Abaiy, men in Toby and Gutrei. An Islamic calendar has been adopted in Saudi Arabia, now he is 1436 in Hijra. Favorite sport - football, the national team of the country three times was the champion of Asia. A visa is not so simple, especially if the passport is about visiting Israel.
The largest state in the Arabian Peninsula, which occupies more than 80% of the territory is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In the north, this country is bordered by Jordan. The eastern neighbors of the giant country are Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE. Yemen and Oman coexist with Saudi Arabia from the south side. This state from two sides is washed by the sea: red in the West, the Persian Bay from the northeast.
The chain of the magnificent mountain al-Hijaz stretches along the western coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Their height reaches 3000 m. Their fittings attract numerous tourists with a mild warm climate and a unique diversity of greenery. The eastern and southern part of the country are engaged in the main deserts, and inhabited by nomocarial Bedouins.
Saudi Arabia is the country of numerous Muslim mosques. It was here that one of the most numerous religions in the world was founded - Islam.
Capital |
Er-Riyad |
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Number of population |
26 534 504 people. |
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2 149 000 km² |
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Population density |
12 people / km² |
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arab |
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Religion |
islam Sunni sense, Wahhabism |
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Form of government |
absolute theocratic monarchy |
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saudi Rial |
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International Area Code |
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Domain zone on the Internet |
Saudi Arabia opened to visit tourists quite recently, not more than three years ago. She is glad to offer its guests a unique color of the Arabian deserts, as well as numerous shrines of the Muslim world. The ancient traditions of the East and the modern setting make this country attractive for lovers of non-traditional rest. A feature of the tourist business of the country was diving, which allows you to explore all the variety of unique underwater world of the Red Sea. Camel beauty contests have no analogues around the world. And participation in the famous falcon hunt will give you new impressions.
Climate and weather
The climate in Saudi Arabia is extremely arid and dry. Arabian Peninsula It is one of the few places where the temperature in the summer never falls below +50 ° C.
The north of the country refers to the subtropical climatic zone, and the south to tropical. Snow here can only be seen in the mountains, and that is not every year. In January, the air temperature does not exceed +20 ° C in cities and deserts, and on the coast Red Sea Air warms up to +30 ° C.
In the summer, in Saudi Arabia becomes unusually hot. In the shade, the air temperature ranges from +35 ° C and up to +45 ° C. But in the deserts due to the ability of the sand very quickly to give heat, and low temperatures can be encountered, sometimes reaching up to 0 ° C. For this area, sharp differences of day and night temperatures are a fairly common phenomenon.
Rain in Saudi Arabia falls unevenly. At the same time, in the east and in the center of the country, the rainy season lasts from February to April, and in the West - exclusively in the winter (from the end of November to the beginning of February). In winter, dense fogs are often observed in the mountains of the Arabian Peninsula.
Tourists for visiting Saudi Arabia prefer to choose periods from the first days of September and in mid-October, as well as in the late spring. The whole of May is held here not too high temperature, and the sea wind brings some moisture into sufficiently dry air.
Nature
The nature of Saudi Arabia is truly unique. On the territory of this state you can find both huge hot deserts, and high cool mountains, and wonderful warm sandy beaches.
Along the coast of the Red Sea rise beautiful and powerful mountains Hijaz. The height of individuals reaches three kilometers. In the same area there is one of the most attractive resorts of the Middle East - Asira. He attracts tourists from around the world with its rather mild pleasant climate and unique vegetation. This resort prefer to visit Ecotourism lovers.
The eastern part of the kingdom is completely covered with deserts. The largest of them is Rub-El Haliwhich occupies almost the entire south and part of the southeast of the country. It passes the invisible border of Saudi Arabia with Oman and Yemen. total area The deserts in this country reaches almost 1 million km 2. Most often, such deserts inhabit the wiser Bedouin tribes.
sights
Saudi Arabia, as a strictly Muslim country, is noteworthy for tourists with their religious relics and shrines. The most attractive for visiting are the famous Arab cities, such as the capital Er Riyadh, Mecca, Medinaand Jedda.
The most visited city in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia is its capital Er-Riyad. The most popular landmark of this city is a cited by Old Er-Riyadh, which houses Museumdedicated to the King Abdel Aziz. Also widely known Royal Center, Belonging to Prince Saudi Arabia, it is the highest building in the whole kingdom. This huge complex includes a large number of residential apartments, offices, beautiful restaurants and luxurious shopping centers.
Of course, no stay in Saudi Arabia is not visited without a visit to the Muslim shrine - cities Mecca. In this area, the founder of the most numerous religion in the world of the Prophet Mohammed was born. In Mecca is known since 1570 Sacred Mosque Haram.. Its area is more than 300,000 km 2. This is a majestic building of Arabic architecture fully lined with an excellent lilac marble and includes nine minarets, the height of each of them reaches almost 95 meters. The famous Haram can simultaneously hold up to 700 thousand people.
In the center of Haram there is a sanctuary Kaaba. His corners are oriented on the sides of the world. The East Kaab angle is distinguished among other presence of black stone. Some scientists believe that this is a meteorite. But Muslims adhere to another opinion that it was this stone that God the senal from Paradam after his repentance. The legend says about the white color of the stone, which after the touch of sinners he changed to black.
Mecca is known all over the world with its numerous shrines Islam. During the Hajj, this city is visited more than two million people from all over the world. People who confess other religions cannot enter this holy place.
Another major landmark of Saudi Arabia is National park Asirawhich is located near the city of Jeddah. Its unique vegetation and peculiar animal world attract many ecotourists.
Food
National cuisine Saudi Arabia includes culinary traditions of all Middle East countries. The main foods of local Arabs are lamb, poultry meat, lamb, eggs and fish. The traditional garnish for these dishes is rice with raisins. The traditional dishes of Arabic cuisine include all kinds of soups (rice, pea, beans) and stewed meat, which is seasoned with bow and lentils.
No feast in Saudi Arabia does not do without a national dish " burgul" Such an original title has porridge prepared from corn or wheat cereals with the mandatory addition of sour milk. Also a popular dish, especially the southern peoples of Saudi Arabia, is a flour porridge with the addition of olive oil and pepper.
Local restaurants are pleased to provide our customers with the famous national dish. " guzi."It includes baked lamb meat, generously flavored by special spices, rice and nuts.
As in the remaining Arab countries, in Saudi Arabia, when preparing meat dishes, it is customary to use only heat treatment without adding fat. As a side dish, rice is usually served, which is traditionally fled by tomato paste and onions. Some restaurants can prevent meat with fries.
Great stake in the diet of the residents of Saudi Arabia is occupied by all sorts of fruits and vegetables. Figoes and figs are especially popular here. Great attention is paid to local residents of useful nuts.
The most favorite drink in Saudi Arabia is coffee. In this country, there is a special ceremony for the preparation and consumption of this wonderful drink. In Saudi Arabia, people are accustomed to squeeze coffee with all sorts of spices, especially cloves and cardamon, sugar in the coffee Arabs do not add at all. Arabs love various spices very much.
Special popularity in this country uses dishes made from fermented milk products.
Accommodation
The development of tourist business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is only at the initial stage. Strict Muslim customs create certain restrictions to attract foreign tourists into this country, therefore not all of the kingdom hotels have the required number of stars. The international classification was predominantly those hotels that are part of large hotel chains. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that all hotels and hotels are pleased to offer visitors service and comfort quite a decent level, which meets all European standards.
Most of the best hotels are located in the capital of Saudi Arabia ER Riyadh. They offer their customers not only spacious and comfortable rooms, but also additional services Beautiful restaurants, fitness centers, spa salons, pools.
A completely special for this country became the hotel " Lyuzan", Which was built exclusively for women. Here they, despite the rules of conduct prescribed in the Muslim country, can book themselves and settle in the rooms.
The cost of renting a separate apartment in Saudi Arabia is about $ 800 per month in the capital of the state, and in other cities - no more than $ 400.
Entertainment and recreation
Most foreign tourists for inspecting local attractions choose the capital of the state Er-Riyad. Being there, it is necessary to visit the National Museum of Saudi Arabia, where a huge exposition is represented, acquainting visitors with the history and culture of this unique Muslim country. It is worth paying attention to the very high Building in the country - Royal Centerwhose owner is a prince. This building is customary to associate with an oasis. modern life Saudi Arabia.
None of the tourists who have decided to come to this wonderful country will not leave her without having been in Mecca. "Mother of the cities" call her locals. This city is the most sacred place for all Muslims in the world and is a kind of center of the spiritual culture of the Kingdom. It is worth noting that only the adherents of the Muslim religion can visit this place, they are not allowed in Mecca. If you still managed to get into the territory of this ancient city, it is necessary to visit the famous mosque Haram, look into the main sanctuary of all Muslims - Kaab.
Nearby with the famous city of Medina is the most famous uninhabited city. Madine Salih.. This is the largest and most exciting archaeological zone of Saudi Arabia. Be sure to visit this unique place, and it will not leave you indifferent.
Saudi Arabia has one of the most beautiful coral reefs on the entire planet. Therefore, this country is simply necessary to visit all lovers diving.
The present entertainment of men here is falcon hunting. Many centuries ago, such an occupation was a kind of tool for survival. To date, this is one of the most popular sports, however, the price of such a type of recreation is completely notable. The cost of one hunting falcon reaches $ 80,000.
Another great entertainment in Saudi Arabia is great and unforgettable. cruises on yachts Along the coastal islands. Such a small journey that helps familiarize yourself with local beauties will leave indelible impressions. The yachts that are used to carry out such cruises have all the necessary: \u200b\u200band air-conditioned rooms, and separate cozy bedrooms, and spacious rooms with video systems.
Lovers of a relaxing holiday Saudi Arabia is glad to offer a great opportunity to polit local fish in deep-water places in Persian Gulf. If the captain stops a yacht in a fish outlook, then such an amazing Klev will remember to you for life.
It should be noted that nightly entertainment lovers in Saudi Arabia will not find the usual classes, since such events are prohibited by the strict laws of Sharia.
Purchases
The country's fame was brought not only to Muslim shrines, but also a huge number of diverse outlets. These include traditional Arab markets, large department stores and large shopping centers. And here you can find and expensive boutiques, and quite cheap shops.
Visiting stores is the favorite pastime of local residents, since other entertainment is prohibited by the Koran - there is not a single night bar, club or casino.
Shops usually work without a certain schedule. As a rule, working hours most outlets are from 9 to 13 hours, as well as from 17 to 20 hours. Per month Ramadan shops work from 20:00 to one in the morning. Weekend in Saudi Arabia is considered Friday. On this day, it is customary to visit traditional sermons and prayers in mosques.
As in all eastern countries, the locals are insemorable love to bargain. The usual matter for this country is the ability to shoot down the appointed price by more than 40%. You can bargain with sellers in almost all outlets other than large supermarkets.
Transport
In Saudi Arabia, there are several types of transport. Railway communication (Several hundred kilometers of roads) connects the capital of Er-Riyad with large ports in the Persian Gulf. In addition, the construction of a separate railway branch connecting Mecca and Medina began.
Public transport is mainly represented urban buses and taxis. The quality of the kingdom road leaves much to be desired. At the same time, in Er-Riyadh, the roads are among the best in the country. Road covering in large cities has a special composition, which can significantly reduce the amount of heat reflected, which is very saves the locals from the sultry heat.
All buses in this country are very cozy and comfortable. The cost of one trip around the city ranges from 1 to $ 2.
In Saudi Arabia are 208 airports, and three of them have international status. average price One flight in the country ranges from $ 120 and up to $ 150.
Having access to the sea, Saudi Arabia contains a large amount seaports. Some of them are quite large, for example, Jeddah, Oak, Jizan, Jubiel. They are the main binding links between Saudi Arabia and nearby countries.
Communication
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Mail, Telegraph and Phone provides a fairly high level of communication. The mobile communication system in this country is developed excellent. In most cities, telephone companies prefer to dismantle the old telephones due to the fact that they are almost no longer used. Almost all residents of this state, with the exception of some Bedouin tribes, are happy owners. mobile phones or radio stations.
The cellular network has a large area of \u200b\u200bcoverage: the territory is near Er-Riyadh and other major oases. Only some desert areas are not serviced by cellular companies.
The worldwide Internet network is sufficiently common in all major cities of Saudi Arabia. Most hotels, post office and business centers provide their visitors to the use of the World Wide Web.
Telephone communication in this country is provided by the latest equipment that allows you to achieve high data transfer. Using simple street machines, you can make a phone call to anywhere in the world. The cost of such a call will be slightly less than $ 2. The work of such automata is made from both coins and from plastic card prepayments.
Safety
Saudi Arabia is closed for single travelers. All countries in the country should be carried out exclusively by groups and accompanied by a local tour operator, whose duties include the ubiquitous support of tourists and tracking their timely departure.
There are practically no restrictions on the country. Exceptions are ancient Muslim cities Medinaand Meccawho are closed to visit people of other religion. It is worth noting that local legislation prohibits even import items to this Muslim country that relate to other religions.
Saudi Arabia can be called a relatively safe country. Almost all travel tourists pass without criminal excesses. In large cities, including in the capital, outdoor crime is completely absent. This is due to the special mentality of the Arabs, as well as methods of combating the organization of crimes. Local authorities prefer to fight hooligans by fines.
If we talk about the features of road transport, it is worth mentioning that the movement in Saudi Arabia is one-sided, and the speed in the cities and towns are reduced to 40 km / h. Such an innovation is rather unusual for Europeans.
Business climate
Huge oil reserves in Saudi Arabia made this country by the major earfed and exporter oil products In the world (the closest rival of the kingdom in this area is the Russian Federation). Such a tremendous focus of natural fossil makes the country attractive to business. Moreover, in lately Prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Salman Bin Abdel Aziz introduced some innovations to the legislation of his country that simplify business. This is especially true of the tourist industry.
With an increase in the interest of tourist-Muslims by the beauties of famous religious shrines and thanks to the policy, softening the rules of the Quran, some foreign businessmen prefer to invest their investments in the economy of this particular country, which is currently the most promising in the development of eliciosis tourism.
It is worth noting that recently Saudi Arabia is known to carry out major summits and conferences concerning the production and export of oil.
The property
Most scientists believe that in Saudi Arabia, the real estate market is practically the most stable in the world. He is not affected by the world economic crisis. Thanks to the considered strengthening of the country's economy and good demographic situation The real estate market indicators are consistently growing.
This state has the largest real estate market among the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. Due to the high level of urbanization, the major cities of the country quite quickly began to develop, which demanded the construction of new residential buildings.
Most recently, a law was adopted in Saudi Arabia, allowing to sell real estate and land plots for construction foreign citizens. But there are some limitations. First, the potential buyer must constantly live in the state and acquire real estate for its own use. Premises for sale are also allowed foreign investors For business in the state.
Secondly, when buying land plot In Saudi Arabia, the cost of the construction project should exceed $ 8 million for a positive decision of the General Management Investments. In addition, the entire volume of investments should be included in the country for five years. Otherwise, a purchase fails will be received.
It is worth noting that the sale of real estate foreigners in Mecca and Medina is strictly prohibited.
Wishing to visit this unique kingdom, it is worth paying attention to some strict rules of behavior in Muslim society.
- Women at the entrance to the state should necessarily put on a barge or a long dress, closing legs and hands. A prerequisite for the exit of a woman outside is a headscarf head. If you break these rules, you can be sent from the country without explaining the reasons.
- Any immodest clothing, exposing his hands above the elbow and legs, as well as a headless head of a woman in a woman can cause a sharp condemnation from the religious police.
- In Saudi Arabia, women of any nationality is forbidden to drive a car.
- Although recently in Saudi Arabia has been canceled a ban on holding photo and video filming in public places, to photograph military facilities and people, private and state owned Special permission is required.
- For the use of alcoholic beverages, narcotic drugs, for the commitment of theft or intentional murder in local laws, a very serious punishment is threatened: from cut off the hands and before decapitation.
Visa
When visiting Saudi Arabia should take care of the presence of a necessary visa. It is strictly forbidden to enter into this country to people who have an Israeli passport or an Israeli visa, as well as people who have a mark in a passport about the Jews of Religion.
Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Moscow is located at: 119121, Moscow, 3rd Nealimovsky Lane, 3.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, whose population leads its history from the second millennium to our era (it was then that the indigenous Arab tribes occupied the entire Arabian Peninsula), today is the main member of the organization of oil exporters. The state ranks second in the world for the extraction and export of oil and petroleum products. In addition, referring to Mecca and Medina - the main sacred cities of Islam, the Saudi Arabia is called the country of two shrines. It is the rich deposits of black gold and the penetration of religion in many areas of life distinguish the kingdom.
General information about Saudi Arabia
The state from which Islam has spread, takes about 80% of the territory of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country occupy desert terrain, foothills and mountains of medium height, so that cultivation is suitable less than 1% of the lands. The Arabian Peninsula is one of the few places on Earth, where in summer the air temperature is constantly exceeding 50 degrees.
The capital of Saudi Arabia is Er-Riyadh. Other major cities are Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Em-Dammam, El Hofuf. Settlements With the number of citizens more than 100 thousand people in total there are 27, Millionaire cities - four. The capital of Saudi Arabia is traditionally not only administrative, but also a political, scientific, educational and business center of the country. Religious and cultural centers, shrines of the state - Mecca and Medina.
The official symbols are the flag of Saudi Arabia, coat of arms and anthem. The flag is a green cloth with a sword, symbolizing the victory of the founder of the state, and the inscription - the Muslim symbol of Faith (Shahada). Interestingly, the flag of Saudi Arabia is never fitted on the occasion of mourning. Also, the image cannot be applied on clothing and souvenir products, as Shahad is considered sacred for Muslims.
The King of Saudi Arabia, which today rules the state is a direct descendant of the first king Abdel Aziz. Power of Salman Ibn Abdul-Aziz Al Saud from the Saudites dynasty is actually limited only by the laws of Sharia. Important public decisions are made by the king after consulting with a group of religious leaders and other respected members of Saudi society.
Actual demographic situation
The population of Saudi Arabia as of 2014 amounted to 27.3 million people. About 30% of them are visiting, while the indigenous population is Arabs-Saudis. After a short stabilization of demographic indicators in 2000, at a mark of 20 million people, the population of Saudi Arabia began to grow again. In general, there are no sharp jumps of population in the dynamics of the population of the kingdom.
Other relevant demographic indicators for Saudi Arabia are as follows:
- birth rate - 18.8 per 1000 people;
- mortality - 3.3 per 1000 people;
- the total fertility coefficient is 2.2 children per woman;
- natural population growth - 15.1;
- migration population growth - 5.1 per 1000 people.
The density of residents and the nature of the settlement
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia covers an area of \u200b\u200b2,149,610 square kilometers. On the territory, the state is 12 in the world and the first among the countries of the Arabian Peninsula. These data, as well as an approximate population assessment for 2015, make it possible to calculate the population density value. The indicator is 12 people per square kilometer.
Most of the residents of Saudi Arabia are concentrated in cities. First, the relief and climate of the Arabian Peninsula make it possible to comfortably exist only within the oasis, around which the largest cities of the state were formed. Secondly, a significant proportion of the population of cities is due to the structure of the economy, where agriculture occupies an extremely small part, as a result of a meager percentage of land suitable for growing plants and animal husbandry.
The level of urbanization in the kingdom is 82.3%, and the corresponding coefficient is 2.4% per year. More than five million people live in the capital of Saudi Arabia. The total population of the remaining three millionaire cities is another six million Saudi. So in four the largest cities The kingdom lives eleven million people from 31.5 (according to 2015), which is approximately 35% of the country's inhabitants.
Religious affiliation of the population
Saudi Arabia, the population of which is highly religious, is officially an Islamic state. Islam as a state religion enshrined the first article of the Basic Law of the State. Muslims are 92.8% of the population of Saudi Arabia. By the way, tourists who do not profess Islam are banned from entering Mecca and Medina.
The second one by the number of followers of religion in the kingdom is Christianity. The number of Christians is about 1.2 million people, the prevailing number of which are foreigners. Quite often in the country, cases of oppression of adherents of other religions are recorded (not Muslims) - Saudi Arabia is in the sixth place among the states where Christians are most often oppressed.
Atheism in the Kingdom is considered a grave sin and equal to terrorism, so it is impossible to estimate the exact number of unbelievers in the country. The American Institute of Public Opinion, based on surveys, leads such data: 5% of Saudis are convinced atheists, unbelieving themselves about 19%. Profile editions publish smaller figures, indicating the column "Atheists and non-believers" only 0.7%.
Half protection population
Saudi accident, the population of which is mostly located in working age, is distinguished by the progressive (or growing) type of age-age pyramid. This is better traced in a simplified scheme, where only three categories of citizens are highlighted: children and adolescents (until full of 14 years), able-bodied population (from 15 to 65 years old) and older people (over 65 years old).
The working-age population is about 22 million people, which is 67.6% of the total number of Saudi. Children and adolescents in the state of 9.6 million or 29.4%, the share of people of old age has only 3%, this group is 0.9 million people. In general, the dependent part of the citizens (children and pensioners who are on the content of the adult population) have 32.4% of Saudis. Such indicators form not particularly significant social burden on society.
Saudi Arabia, the population of which traditionally oppresses the representatives of the beautiful floor, is distinguished by almost equal sexual structure of the population. There are 55% of men and 45% of women in the country.
Women's rights in Saudi Arabia
Women's rights are greatly limited in such a country as Saudi Arabia. The population is deeply religious, so that all religious standards follow. So, women are forbidden to drive a car, vote, enjoy public transport Unaccompaning her husband or a relative of the male floor, communicate with men (with the exception of relatives and her husband). The representatives of the fine sex are obliged to wear long dark robes, and in some regions it is allowed to leave only eyes open open.
The quality of education for women in Saudi Arabia is worse than for men. In addition, the female students receive smaller scholarships than their fellow masters. And in general, the fair sex is not allowed to learn, work or leaving the country if it did not allow a husband or the closest relative of the male. Even for rape in Saudi Arabia, they can punish a woman, not a criminal. In this case, the victim is imputed to the guilt "Provocation for rape" or a violation of the dress code.
Saudi Arabia, the population of which gives the main prerogative of men, adheres to the principles of sexual segregation. For example, in homes there are separate entrances for women and men, restaurants are divided into several zones (female, male and family), solemn events are carried out with division, and study for disciples of different sexes is carried out at different times so that boys and girls are crossing .
The King of Saudi Arabia has repeatedly declared about the emergence of women with certain rights. For example, he said that he would allow representatives of a beautiful sex to drive a car as soon as Saudi Saudi will be ready for this step. Of course, equal rights for women and men in Saudi society will have to wait for quite a long time (and this is simply contrary to the norms of Islam), but some relaxation against representatives of beautiful sex already have.
Literacy level of residents of the kingdom
Saudi Arabia, whose population is quite competent (94.4% of citizens over 15 years old are able to read and write), differs in various literacy indicators for women and men. Thus, 97% of men and 91% of women are able to read and write, which is associated with the traditional oppression of the rights of fair sex. However, among young people (from 15 to 24 years), literacy indicators are approximately alongside: in Saudi Arabia, 99.4% and 99.3% of competent young people and girls, respectively.
Culture in Saudi Arabia
The culture of the kingdom is very tightly connected with the state religion. Muslims are forbidden to use pork and alcohol, so that mass guides are practically excluded. In addition, cinemas and theaters are prohibited in the country, but such institutions are available in areas of populated by foreigners. Homemade video views are very common in Saudi Arabia, and Western films are practically not subjected to censorship.
Structure of the state economy
The country has 25% of the global oil reserve, which determines the basis of the economy of such a state as Saudi Arabia. Oil gives almost all export income (90%). In the past thirty years, industry has also been developed, transport, trade, share agriculture The economy is very small.
Currency Saudi Arabia - Saudi Rial. Course monetary unit Tied to the US dollar in the ratio of 3.75 K 1. In conclusion - information for tourists about how the cringers of Saudi Arabia are crossed by other countries: 100 rial is 1500 rubles, 25 euros, 26.6 dollars of the United States of America .
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brief information
The territory of modern Saudi Arabia in the Middle Ages was part of a huge empire - the Arab Caliphate. Until now, in Saudi Arabia, religious places for Muslims have been preserved. Now, thanks to the huge reserves of oil, Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the world. Many cities of this country are closed to visiting foreigners. However, there are many other interesting places for tourists in Saudi Arabia, as well as beach resorts on the Red Sea coast.
Geography of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is located in West Asia, on the Arabian Peninsula. In the north, Saudi Arabia is bordered by Iraq and Jordan, in the northeast - with Kuwait, in the south-east - with Yemen, in the northeast - with the UAE, Qatar and Bahrain. In the west, Saudi Arabia is washed by the waters of the warm red sea, and in the northeast - is limited to the Persian Bay. The total territory of this country is 2,499,000 square meters. km, and the overall length of the state border is 4,431 km.
Most of the territory of Saudi Arabia occupy semi-deserts and deserts. There are mountains in the south-west and west of the country. The biggest peak of the country is a mountain of Saud, whose height reaches 3 133 m.
In Saudi Arabia, there are practically no rivers and lakes, but there are numerous oasis.
Capital
The capital of Saudi Arabia is the city of Er-Riyad, in which about 5 million people now live. People on the territory of modern er-riyadh lived already 4 thousand years ago.
Official language
In Saudi Arabia, the official language is Arabic, belonging to the Semitic Group of Afrazian Language Family.
Religion
About 97% of the population of Saudi Arabia - Muslims. Of these, about 90% are Muslim-Sunni, relating to Wahhabits, and the rest are Muslim-Shiites.
State Device of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, in which the head of state is the king. Power is inherited. The king must comply with the Religious Muslim Law "Sharia".
It is not surprising that there are no political parties in Saudi Arabia, because all the power belongs to the king, who manages the country with the help of the Cabinet of Ministers.
Saudi Arabia consists of 13 provinces (Minutakates).
Climate and weather
The climate in Saudi Arabia is deserted, with a very high daily temperature and a cool night. Only in the southwestern province of Asiir Climate is more moderate (monsoons from the Indian Ocean and Mountain). The average annual air temperature equals + 25.3c. The highest average air temperature in Saudi Arabia is observed in July and August - + 45C, and the lowest is in January and December (+ 3c). The average annual precipitation is 106.5 mm per year.
Sea in Saudi Arabia
In the west, Saudi Arabia was washed by the waters of the warm Red Sea (1,760 km), and in the northeast - is limited to the Persian Bay (560 km). The shared coastline is 2 320 km.
Culture
All Culture of Saudi Arabia permeated Islam. The only non-religious holiday in this country is the folklore festival of Jeanary, within which camel runs pass. All other holidays in Saudi Arabia are religious - Ramadan, Hajj, ID al-Fitr, etc.
During Hajj, millions of pilgrims come to Mecca different countries World. Pilgrims visit the cult mosques, Mount Arafat and the Mina Valley.
Kitchen Saudi Arabia
Kitchen in Saudi Arabia traditional for Arab countries. Traditional food - rice, Halal meat, dairy products, fish.
Traditional dishes in Saudi Arabia: kebab "Kebab", "Shaverma", fried lamb "Mustache", stuffed with pepper meat, "Dujaj" (stewed chicken in tomato sauce), "Haris" (casserole with chicken), duck with rice and vegetables , sambus pies with fillings (meat, vegetables, cheese).
In Saudi Arabia, various soups and broths, pilaf, vegetable salads are popular. All dishes Residents of Saudi Arabia love to season with spices, olives, onions, garlic, cinnamon, honey.
The most popular sweets in Saudi Arabia is pudding with pistachios and rice pudding with raisins, Rakhat-Lukum, Pakhlava, donuts with honey, and candied fruits.
Traditional non-alcoholic beverages in Saudi Arabia - coffee (cardamom and tea is often added to it (herbs usually add to it).
sights
In Saudi Arabia, there are sacred for Muslims and a mosque. In this country there are ruins of ancient fortresses, forts, mosques and even Christian temples, as well as salt cops, rock tombs, palaces. Those. Tourists have something to see in this country. The top ten attractions of Saudi Arabia, in our opinion, are as follows:
- Al-Cuba Mosque near Medina
- Al Masjid Mosque in Medina
- Musmak Fortress in Er-Riyadh
- Archaeological complex Al-Hijr
- Palace of Chad in Abhe
- CASS MARID Fortress in Houses El Jandal
- Rock tomb in Madine Salikha
- Mosque Masdzhid-Ohma in Houses El Jandal
- Royal Museum in Er-Riyadh
- Old Fort in El Hufufe
Cities and resorts
The biggest cities in Saudi Arabia are Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, and, of course, Er-Riyadh.
Most tourists come to Saudi Arabia during Ramadan to visit Mecca. However, in Saudi Arabia there are several excellent resorts on the banks of the Red Sea. Beaches in Saudi Arabia sandy, long. By the way, the longest sandy beach in Saudi Arabia is located in the Half Moon-Bay region near El Khubara. Another popular local beach resort is Ouhph. Also should not forget about Jedda, the largest Saudi city on the Red Sea. In the coastal waters of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia, scientists counted more than 20 types of corals.
Souvenirs / Shopping
Tourists from Saudi Arabia usually bring products of folk crafts, jewelry, pearls, carpets, prayer rugs, traditional shoes of the inhabitants of this country, key chains and figurines in the form of lamps of Aladdin, silk, rosary, Arab perfumes, hookahs, dried dates.
Work hours of institutions
Banks:
Sat-Wed: 09: 00-12: 00
Some banks are open and in the afternoon.
Official hours of work, including shops, from 10:00 to 15:00. However, most shops are open and later. All shops, restaurants, etc. During the day, close four times for 30 minutes for prayer.
Visa
General information about the country
Located in the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. In Saudi Arabia, there are two saints of Islam - Mecca and Medina, where millions of Muslims from around the world flock every year to implement the Pilgrimage to be prescribed by Quran - Hajj.
Most of the country is in the desert zone and semi-desert. The climate is hot and dry. Water and food resources are limited. The population of Saudi Arabia in 2015 was about 29.74 million people.
The territory of the country with antiquity was the periphery of the States that existed then: the Mesopotamia Empires (Sumerian, Assyrian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian), Seleucid Syria, the Sabey and the Nabatoy kingdom. Through it, caravan roads from modern Yemen to the Mediterranean Sea were shone. The local population occupied by nomadic cattle breeding and oasis agriculture earned on transit trade (participation in it, charges for travel and robbery).
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British government tried to establish a state in Hijaz headed by his allied Hussein. But he was expelled from the country by the grouping of the Bedouin tribes - Islamic sectarians-Wahhabites from Nedia headed by Clan Saudi. In 1926, they proclaimed a new state - Saudi Arabia. With the help of the USSR, the new mode was able to keep under the control captured territories.
Medina city.
In the late 1940s, intensive developments of oil fields began, which by 1960 led to the explosive growth of the income of the Saudi ruling clan. Huge wealth allowed the rulers to raise the standard of living of the population and to modernize the economy and the army, without changing anything in the archaic theocratic system of power. The ruling clan has several hundred people and enjoys most of the income from oil exports. Saudi Arabia was headed by an international carpet selling oil - OPEC.
IN oil industry and other manufacturing industries are busy hundreds of thousands of foreign workers who do not have civil rights in the country. Own population receives social benefits from the government. The rulers of Saudi Arabia consider themselves defenders and stronghold of Islam; The country has religious legislation - sharia. The laws of the country so far are based on the extreme forms of Islamic law, limiting the rights of women and any inferencers, including Muslims other than the ruling. Slavery officially canceled at the very last time, and actually practiced at the beginning of the 21st century.
The army and security services of Saudi Arabia are equipped with the most modern weapon. Wealth allows the authorities to stimulate young people to study in the most advanced educational institutions West and conduct innovations in the field of technology. Saudi investments are present in key sectors of the global economy. Economic diversification has been carried out in the country; Industry and agriculture industry develops, not related to oil. For example, potatoes from Saudi Arabia are exported to Russia and Ukraine.
The political position of Saudi Arabia with a claim to leadership in the Arabic and Muslim world and the management of the oil market has led it to several conflicts. The competitor of Saudi Arabia to leadership in the Arab world, Egypt remains, with which the war in the territory of Yemen was carried out in 1962-1967. In the Islamic world, the position of Saudi Arabia seeks to press Iran (claiming to expand its possessions in the Persian Gulf). In the eastern regions of the country where the main volume is produced saudi oil, Population - and Saudi, and foreign workers are mainly shiites subject to religious oppression and inclined to support Iran.
Despite the formal Union of Saudi authorities with the United States, the entire ideological system of the country is aimed at conflict with the Western world, including the military-terrorist jihad. Saudi authorities finance and encourage the activities of extreme Islamist groups around the world, including terrorists (for example, Hamas). Private and public organizations in the country, formally not related to the government, are even further in the same direction.
Availability in the country of groups trying to overthrow ruling modeleads to the constant danger of internal conflicts. Almost all of these groupings are even more radical Islamists than the official religious authorities of the country.
Anti-Israeli Position of Saudi Arabia
Since the formation of the state, Israel Saudi Arabia was among the most irreconcilable opponents of the Jewish state, generously financed the anti-Israel terror, anti-Israeli and anti-Semitic propaganda. Entry Jews in Saudi Arabia was banned; For official guests and diplomats were awarded specimens of the Protocols of the Sion Wise men (more on the relation of Saudi Arabia to Israel, see the state of Israel. Israel and the Arab world).
In 1991, Saudi Arabia made one of the most active participants of the Anti-Israis Coalition in the War in the Persian Gulf. It strengthened the traditional dependence of Saudi Arabia from the United States, which have always influenced the rulers of this country so that they occupy a more moderate position in relation to Israel. This also answered the urgent interests of the Saudi regime, which was confused by destabilization in the Middle East and the actions of radical regimes and movements in the Arab world.
In the years, against the background of the general crisis in the Middle East (see below), there were opportunities for cooperation between Saudi Arabia and Israel. Separate circles of Saudi authorities realized that radical Islamists are dangerous for them, and Israel - no, and that they have no opportunity to attack Israel. Israeli diplomacy is making efforts to establish non-advertised ties with Saudi leadership.
Events of the beginning of the XXI century
Islamic terrorist organizations associated with the course of Al-Kedi were less and less controlled by the Royal Government, turning into applicants for the seizure of power. The ruling circles are forced to behave with them, as well as with Shiite terrorists supported by Iran. At the same time, the US presidential administration of Barack Obama took the course to refuse the Union with Saudi Arabia and an attempt to reorient to Iran.
Saudi Arabia is trying to prevent the growth of shale oil mining in the United States and other countries of the world. For this, it is increasing exports of own oil, causing a fall in prices in the global market. As a result of the fall in oil prices, the income of the Saudi royal yard is reduced. At the same time, the population is growing rapidly, which creates difficulties in maintaining the established level of welfare of the population.
