Download for free VNTP 81
Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I argue:
Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR
I.S. Sugustry
"8" October 1981

Norma
Technological design of thermal electric stations

Approved. Minutes of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR on August 17, 1981 №99
in coordination with the USSR State Building, a letter No. AB-3430-20 / 4 dated 29.06.81.
Moscow, 1981

These norms are developed by the All-Union State Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution with the Project Institute "Thermal Electroprochkt", taking into account feedback and proposals of the WTI. F.E. Dzerzhinsky, Vinipienergoprom, Soyucenergo, CKB of the Glavnergoremont, CDU UES of the USSR, Gosgortkhnadzor of the USSR, NGO CKTI, Ministry of Energy, as well as other design, research, operational and repair organizations of the USSR Ministry of Energy.
The norms are considered, approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR and agreed with the USSR state system No. AB-3430-20 / 4 of June 29, 1981 and are mandatory for the technological design of thermal electric stations.

Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR (USSR Ministry of Energy)
Norms of technological design of thermal electric stations
VNTP-81
In exchange for the norms of technological design of thermal power plants and thermal networks, approved on May 8, 1973.

1. General part

Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I argue:

Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I.S. Sugustry

Norma

Technological design of thermal electric stations

in coordination with the USSR State Building, Letter No. AB-3430-20 / 4 dated 29.06.81.

Moscow, 1981

The norms are considered, approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the USSR Ministry of Energy and agreed with the USSR state system No. AB-3430-20 / 4 of June 29, 1981 and are mandatory for the technological design of thermal electrical stations.

1. General part

Norms also apply to expandable reconstructed steam turbine power plants and gas turbine installations with appropriate adjustments caused by existing technological schemes, equipment layouts, buildings and structures.

Note : These standards do not apply to the design of atomic, diesel and geothermal power plants.

When designing, the current regulatory documents should be guided, the list of which is given in the application to these standards.

These norms are an outflowing document in the design of power plants.

1.2. The complex of buildings and structures of thermal power plants includes:

a) buildings and facilities of the production destination (the main building with smoke trumpets, the facilities of the electrical part, technical water supply, toplovopodachi and gas-building);

b) the subsidiary production buildings and structures (unitely rolled corps, warehouses, launchers, administrative and household building, repair shops, oilshower);

c) Pumping buildings and structures (des. Dor. Station, garage, factories on the collection and cleaning of waste, grilled and fecal waters, out-of-wear structures, roads, fertilization and landscaping, the construction of civil defense, temporary structures).

1.3. The design of thermal electric stations should be carried out at a high scientific and technical level, with the use of progressive highly economical equipment.

Source-planning and design solutions of newly constructed, rashized and reconstructed TPPs should be taken in accordance with SNiP.

Projects should take into account the possibility of maximizing wastewater production waste, discharge heat and ashlakov in the national economy of the country.

In the projects of power plants, sections of the organization and repair organizations are being developed. The sections are developed in accordance: Operating with the "Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants and networks", and on repairs with "instructions for designing an organization and mechanization of equipment, buildings and structures on thermal power plants" .

1.5. Layout technological equipment It should provide normal conditions for maintenance and repair of equipment at its high mechanization with minimal use of manual labor.

1.6. For power plants built in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air for heating minus 20 ° C. And above, it is allowed to design the main buildings of power plants with an open boiler room, as well as with a semi-open installation of peak water heating boilers operating on solid fuel.

The semi-open installation of hot water boilers on gaseous and liquid fuels is used in areas with the calculated temperature of the outdoor air for heating minus 25 ° C. and higher.

It is prohibited to place the office and auxiliary premises below the OTM. 0.0 m, in the location zone of flange compounds of pipelines and reinforcement under excessive pressure of the environment, under the bins of coal, dust, ash, battery packs, rig foods, on the facilities of the technological equipment.

When operating and auxiliary premises are located near the potential trauma, two exits from opposite sides should be provided.

Auxiliary premises should be placed in places with the smallest effects of noise, vibration and other harmful factors, if possible, in places with natural lighting.

The levels of harmful factors indoors should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the relevant scientific and technical documents:

microclimate - GOST 12.1.05-76 "SSBT. Air of the working area. General sanitary and hygienic requirements." GOST 12.1.007-76 "SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification General safety requirements";

noise - GOST 12.1.003-76 "SSBT. General security requirements";

vibration - GOST 12.1.012-78 "SSBT. Vibration. General security requirements."

Lights in auxiliary premises must meet the requirements of SNiP II. -4-79. "Natural and artificial lighting".

1.8. Hot gas gas pipelines to TPPs, including those passing through the territory of the power plant to the valve at entering the hydraulic power plant, are not included in the facilities of the power plant and belong to the main gas networks.

2. Nature security

2.1. Protection of land

2.1.1. The choice of a platform for the construction of a power plant should be carried out in compliance with the "Fundamentals of the Land Law of the SSR and Union Republic" Legislative Acts on the Protection of Nature and the Use of Natural Resources, Norms and Rules of Construction Design, is linked to the regional planning scheme or the General Schedule of Industrial Node.

2.1.2. When developing projects of power plants follows:

Use, as a rule, land of non-agricultural purposes and low product;

Provide for the removal and storage of the fertile layer of the soil (on the lands of temporary and permanent removal) in order to apply it to the recultivable (restored) land and unsuitable land;

Provide compensation for the existed agricultural land;

When weeping land plots Temporary use should include a subsequent reclamation of these areas.

2.1.3. The area of \u200b\u200ballocated land plots for the construction of a power plant facilities should be used rationally and determined by the following conditions:

Optimal blocking production buildings and structures;

Placement of subsidiary services and utility products in high-rise buildings;

Compliance with the regulatory density of the development in accordance with the requirements of the head of the SNIP;

Taking into account the required reserve of space for expanding power plants in accordance with the task of design and with the relevant feasibility study;

The definition of the area of \u200b\u200bzero-shine, taking into account the use of ash and slag in the national economy.

2.1.4. Lands should be discharged, taking into account the actual need for construction objects. Temporarily assigned land for career, dumps of soil, etc. After all necessary work For reclamation, land users should be returned.

2.1.5. As part of the power plant project, there should be a section on the recultivation of land allocated to temporary use, and the improvement of unproductive land, as compensation for the agricultural land. Reclamation projects are carried out with attraction design organizations Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, the USSR Gosplashoz and the USSR Ministry of Actuary. Improvement projects of low productive land should be carried out with the involvement of project institutions for land management (hyproxams) of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture.

2.1.6. When placing power plants in developed power systems should be considered in projects the possibility of refusing to build or reducing the volume of construction at the site of the power plant of the central repair workshop, material warehouses and the repair and construction workshop for TPPs, referring to centralize the needs of the power plant.

2.1.7. When designing a power plant, it should be considered the possibility of using existing construction bases and integumenting sites near the USSR Ministry of Energy.

2.1.8. Accessories and road roads, as well as external engineering communications, heat lines, power lines and communication, supply and discharge channels of technical water supply, etc., if they coincide in the direction, should, as a rule, be placed in one lane of land removal and If possible, tracing them, without disturbing the existing borders of agricultural land and fields of crop rotation.

2.1.9. The ashons should be designed to be designed to be conservation or reclamation after filling them with asseal to the design height.

2.2. Guarding the air pool

2.2.1. In the projects of thermal power plants, measures must be provided for the decrease in the concentration of harmful substances and dust in the surface layer of atmospheric air, up to magnitude not exceeding the permissible PDC sanitary standards).

This condition should be ensured taking into account the operation of the power plant at its finite power, as well as taking into account the fund created by other sources of the atmosphere pollution.

The calculation of the concentration is carried out at the mode of operation of the power plant on its full electrical and thermal load corresponding to the average temperature of the coldest month.

When calculating for the summer mode of the power plant in cases of installation on it, three and more turbines takes into account the stop of one of them for repairs.

2.3. Protection of the water basin

2.3.1. To protect the water basin from pollution with various industrial waters, appropriate must be provided. claiming facilitiesensuring compliance with the sanitary standards of the Ministry of Health of the USSR.

2.3.2. The selection of the method and processing scheme of industrial wastewater is performed depending on the specific conditions of the designated station: power and equipment installed. Mode of operation, type of fuel, method of goszectochilding, cooling systems, water treatment systems, local climatic, hydrogeological and other factors with relevant technical and economic calculations.

Wastewater discharge in reservoirs should be designed to comply with the "rules for protecting surface water from wastewater pollution" and in the prescribed manner to be coordinated with the authorities to regulate the use and protection of water, state sanitary surveillance, for the protection of fish stocks and the regulation of fish farming and other interested bodies.

2.3.3. Designing reservoir-coolers, zolotochetilles of slocotels, evaporator ponds, water treatment, etc. It should be carried out taking into account the development of integrated measures to protect surface and groundwater from pollution by wastewater.

When developing events, it is necessary to consider:

The possibility of reducing the amount of contaminated industrial wastewater by applying the power plant of perfect equipment and rational circuit solutions in the technological process;

The use of partially or fully revolving water supply systems, reuses spent in one technological process of water on other installations;

The possibility of using existing, designed sewage treatment plants industrial enterprises and settlements or the construction of common facilities with proportional equity participation;

The project shall be excluded filtering from gastrointed storages of contaminated waters into the ground stream.

3. General Plan and Transportation

3.1. General plan

3.1.1. The area or construction point of the thermal power plant is determined by the scheme of development of power systems or the heat supply scheme of the area. The choice of platform for construction, as well as the definition of the main characteristics of the power plant, is made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of competing options performed in accordance with the requirements "of project development instructions and estimates for industrial construction", as well as relevant chapters construction norms and rules.

3.1.2. The platform for the construction of the power plant should, if possible, satisfy the following conditions:

The soils, the foundation platform, must allow the construction of buildings and structures, as well as the installation of heavy equipment without a device for expensive bases;

The groundwater level should be lower than the depth of the attachment of buildings and underground engineering communications;

The surface of the site should be relatively smooth with a slope providing surface drainage;

The playground should not be located in the locations of minerals or in the development area of \u200b\u200bthe workings, on the requested or landslide areas and areas contaminated with radioactive garbage, as well as in security zones in accordance with applicable law;

When the orientation of the direct-flow scheme of technical water supply, the pad should be placed in water bodies and rivers on the coastal unlotted flood waters of the territories, taking into account the lowest height of the cooling water lifting;

For thermal power plants, the site should be as close as possible to heat consumers.

3.1.3. Planning solutions for the placement of placing power plants, including housing, should take into account the predominant direction of winds, as well as an existing and promising residential and industrial development.

3.1.4. The layout of the construction plan of the construction site should be solved with the approach of iron and road roads, LEP conclusions and other communications on the most rational scheme in conjunction with the General Development District, taking into account architectural requirements and requirements for the testing of the territory.

3.1.5. General plan Power stations are carried out taking into account:

Development of power plant for complete power;

The optimal technological dependence of the subsidiary and production support services relative to the main production in compliance with the necessary sanitary, fire and other rules governing the distance between buildings, structures and engineering communications;

The location of railway stations and fuel warehouses, as a rule, outside the fence of the industrial site (when the fuel warehouse is located, a pedestrian bridge (tunnel) should be provided for the transition of personnel and communication of communications);

Architectural design of the site of the main entrance to the power plant free from the development of temporary buildings and structures.

Buildings and facilities, and if necessary, around them, there is a highway for the passage of fire trucks.

When building in one area of \u200b\u200bseveral power plants, the location of their common construction, installation and repair area production components (RPKB), the base of power plants and the village is determined by the regional planning scheme.

Construction, assembly and repair base are made of minimal sizes with rational blocking of industrial and auxiliary buildings, taking into account their further use.

3.1.7. The choice of the mark of the main building should be carried out on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options for the present costs, taking into account the capital expenditures for the construction and operating costs for the rise of cooling water.

3.1.8. To ensure surface drainage, as a rule, apply open system by device of cuvettes, trays and canvas. Application closed system The drainage must be justified.

3.2. Transportation

3.2.1. The choice of the type of passenger transport must be determined on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.2. The choice of the type of transport for the external and internal transport of goods of power plants (railway, conveyor, automotive, water, pipeline, etc.), as well as the type of rolling stock with railway or road supply of fuel should be carried out on the basis of technical and economic comparisons of options.

3.2.3. For passenger traffic during periods of construction and operation, the most effective types of transport should be applied, ensuring the smallest time spent for the movement of workers between seats and work.

3.2.4. For power plants placed in an industrial area or under industrial enterprises, railway transport is linked to the General Development Scheme of the Railway Transport of the Industrial Knot.

3.2.5. Cooperation should be provided with neighboring enterprises and MPS for the construction and operation of the combined railway stations, driveways, common equipment and locomotive-car depots.

3.2.6. All objects of railway transport should be design for the full development of power plants with the allocation of work in construction queues.

3.2.7. The structure of the access railway tracks for gas-containing power plants during the admission of fuel oil on pipelines or water transport should be determined by the maximum amount of freight transport during periods of construction and installation of the power plant.

In some cases, with appropriate substantiation and coordination with the management of the railway at railway stations of power plants, it is allowed to reduce the useful lengths of the tracks, but provided that the route is received for no more than two or three feeds.

3.2.9. The number of paths at the railway station of the power plant is determined by the number of incoming routes per day, taking into account the coefficient of non-uniformity of trains movement 1.2.

Admission to the power plant of other economic and construction goods is taken into account with the coefficient of the uneven movement of trains 1.5.

3.2.10. When determining the number of routes, the daily fuel consumption is made based on the 24-hour operation of all installed boilers at their nominal performance.

3.2.11. For the needs of the construction, the permanent railway tracks should be maximized.

The permanent entries of the railway tracks into the turbine and the boiler room are envisaged only from the temporary end of the main building. From the permanent end of the main building and along the front of the transformer installation, transformer rolling paths are provided. For the CHP, a device of transformers rolling paths from the temporary end is allowed.

3.2.12. For the mouth of the wagons on the car supplies, electric holders should be applied, or, with appropriate justifications, electric locomotives with remote control.

Special maneuver devices should be applied to the yasels.

Paths of the slope and rolling cars must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of safety.

3.2.13. All cars entering the power plant with solid and liquid fuel should be weighed, while the scales should be used, allowing weighing the wagons on the go without stopping the composition.

The weight of the liquid fuel entering the railway tanks is periodically determined by weighing or measuring.

3.2.14. For manowver work on the paths of the power plant, diesel locomotives or electric locomotives should be applied.

At power plants, with the impossibility of cooperation with other enterprises, it is envisaged to the construction of an eciprot repair unit for locomotives and mechanisms of a coal warehouse, or a locomotive depot for gas-containing stations. In cases of acquisitions, the locomotive and wagon depot should be provided for the Park Pockery Power Plant.

At the TPP railway station, a service and technical building should be provided, a clause-maintenance point of wagons, in the necessary cases of electrical centralization or shooting posts.

Refueling bugs of wagons with lubricant and the production of racking wagons should be made on sending clauses of the TPP railway station, for which the lubricant should be provided, racks for storing spare parts, the asphalting of the track along the repair paths for the extension of the spare parts with the corresponding increase in the distance between the paths.

If necessary, sending routes must be equipped with automotive test devices.

Catching car repair should be made on a special railway track.

Railroad tracks station, path maintenance rolling stock, passenger platforms and moving should be covered in accordance with the requirements of the MPS norms.

3.2.15. In the case of the delivery of fuel routes directly by the Locomotives of the MPS, the drive railway routes of the power plant, adjacent to electrified highways, should also be electrified.

With the electrification of railway tracks of the power plants, it is necessary to use the possibility of connecting to the traction substations of the MPS, blocking traction substations with general industrial transformer substations, as well as blocking duty points and workshops of the contact network with locomotive-carriage depots or check-in wagons.

It should also be checked the possibility of using the overload ability of existing traction transformers and rectifier units of the MPS.

3.2.16. Selecting the SCB system of the railway station (electrical centralization, the key dependence of the arrows and signals or another system) is determined by the technical and economic calculation.

Major arrows should be left on hand-held by a manowner brigade.

3.2.17. Railway tracks and arrows associated with the work of the car stroke should be equipped with electrical centralization.

The arrow translations that determine the output of the electric carrier for the wagon's mouth should be controlled only by the railway station with the obligatory control of the position of the electrical holder.

3.2.18. Unloading and discharging devices must be equipped with automatic exit and entry light and sound alarm.

3.2.19. Automobile roads are designed for the complete development of the power plant. The design of road clothing and the width of the roadway road is selected in accordance with the SNiP, based on the size of the movement and types of cars both during the construction period and during operation.

3.2.20. When choosing the direction of external automotive expensive, the prospects for the development of the district and the most efficient combination of the designed road with the network of existing and projected communication paths are taken into account. The routes and the basic parameters of the automotive designed road are chosen on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.21. The main automotive entrance, connecting the platform of the power plant with the external network of roads, is designed for two lanes with an improved overhaul coating and, as a rule, should be approached by the permanent end of the main building.

3.2.22. External automobile roads for servicing water intake and wastewatering structures, operators, articulating, zolotocipers, open discharge and supply channels should be designed for one lane with an improved lightweight type coating or transient types of coatings.

Acid roads to fuel warehouses should be provided with an improved lightweight coating.

3.2.23. On the area at the main entrance to the power plant envisaged platforms for parking public transport, as well as personal cars, motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles. The size of the platforms (their capacity) is determined depending on the number of operational personnel.

4. Fuel and oil economy

4.1. Unloading, feeding and storing solid fuel

4.1.1. The daily fuel consumption is determined on the basis of 24 hours of operation of all energy boilers at their nominal performance. Fuel consumption by water boilers is determined based on 24 hours of operation when coating thermal loads at an average temperature of the cold month.

4.1.2. The hour performance of each thread of fuel feeds is determined by the daily flow rate of the power plant, based on 24 hours of operation of the fuel feed with a reserve of 10%.

For power plants with a capacity of 4000 MW and higher or at fuel consumption of more than 2000 t / h, the fuel feed is performed with two independent leads to the main case.

4.1.3. When performing fuel feeds 100 t / h or more, for unloading ZH. D. Wagons with coal and shale are used car pipelines.

4.1.4. When performing fuel feeds from 100 to 400 t / h, one car pipeline is installed, from 400 to 1000 t / h - two car pipelines.

The number of carriagers for power plants with fuel-feeding capacity over 1000 t / h is determined, based on 12 tipping into the hour of weighted average carrying carriages, in which the fuel is supplied to these power plants plus one backup car pipeline.

4.1.5. When installing two car strokes and more in stock, an unloading overpass is 60 m long, designed to unload defective wagons.

4.1.6. For power plants operating on the milling peat, the type of discharge device (plug-in, trench with multi-volume overloads, etc.) is determined in each case, taking into account the flow of peat and the type of wagons.

4.1.7. For power plants, the performance of fuel feeds less than 100 t / h, as a rule, applied product unloading devices.

4.1.8. When providing the supply of power plants with dry non-commercial coal or milling peat, fuel delivery can be carried out in self-discharged wagons equipped with remote control of opening and closing the hatches. In this case, the car pipelines are not installed.

4.1.9. To unload the sludge is used by ZH.D. The overpass in the fuel warehouse, next to which the slope should be provided to store the slope.

4.1.10. When delivering a defrosting devices to the power plant of the fatigue fuel. In the absence of a car pump in addition to the defrosting device, a mechanization of fuel unloading is provided. The capacity of the defrosting device should be determined by taking into account the heating time of wagons, the daily fuel consumption and linked to the lengths of the slope of the slope and the incoming fuel routes.

With the corresponding justification, the dimensions of the lattices are allowed under the car pipeline with a cell of more than 350x350 mm; At the same time, in addition to crushing machines, additionally crushers of coarse crushing should be provided.

4.1.12. Fuel supply to the boiler room is carried out, as a rule, a two-dimensional system of belt conveyors designed for three-chaired work, of which one thread is backup; At the same time, the possibility of simultaneous work of both threads of the system should be provided. The supply of fuel to the warehouse is carried out by a single-handed system.

4.1.13. The supply of fuel from each car pipeline is carried out by one tape conveyor with a capacity of equal performance of the car pipeline pipeline.

4.1.14. When installing one car surveyor, the performance of each thread of the fuel supply system into the boiler room is taken equal to 50% of the performance of the car pipeline.

The performance of all established crushers of fine crushing should be no less than the performance of all the focus on the boiler room.

With a technical substantiation, the productivity of crushers is selected taking into account the details of the trivia using the screen.

4.1.16. In the tract of fuel supplies on the conveyors for trapping from metal coal, it is installed:

In the patch assembly - suspension self-discharge electromagnetic metal detergent and metal detector;

In front of hammer crushers - suspended self-discharge electromagnetic metal detergent and metal detector, and after hammer crushers, pulley and suspended electromagnetic metal separators.

Norma
Technological design of thermal electric stations

Date of introduction 1981-10-08

Made by the Institute "Thermal Electroproekt"

A coordinated by letter N AB-3430-20 / 4 from 29.06.81 Gosstroita USSR

Approved the Minutes of the Scientific and Technical Council of the USSR Ministry of Energy of August 17, 1981 N 99

In exchange for the norms of technological design of thermal power plants and thermal networks, approved on May 8, 1973

These norms were developed by the All-Union State Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution with the Project Institute "Thermal Electroproekt", taking into account feedback and proposals of the WTI. F.E. Dzerzhinsky, Vinipienergoprom, Soyucenergo, CKB of the Glavnergoremont, CDU UES of the USSR, Gosgortkhnadzor of the USSR, NGO CKTI, Ministry of Energy, as well as other design, research, operational and repair organizations of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

The norms are considered, approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the USSR Ministry of Energy and agreed with the USSR state system N AB-3430-20 / 4 of June 29, 1981 and are mandatory in the technological design of thermal electric stations.

1. General part

1.1. These norms are required when designing all newly built steam turbine thermal power plants with turbo units with a capacity of 50 thousand kW and higher with the initial parameters of steam in turbines up to 24 MPa (240 kgf / cm) and 510-560 ° C.

Norms also apply to expandable reconstructed steam turbine power plants and gas turbine plants with appropriate adjustments caused by existing technological schemes, equipment layouts, buildings and structures.

Note: These standards do not apply to the design of atomic, diesel and geothermal power plants.

When designing, the current regulatory documents should be guided, the list of which is given in annex to these standards.

These norms are a fundamental document in the design of power plants.

1.2. The complex of buildings and structures of thermal power plants includes:

a) buildings and facilities of production destination (the main building with smoke trumpets, the facilities of the electrical part, technical water supply, fuel supplies and gas-building);

b) subsidiary production buildings and structures (combined auxiliary building, warehouses, launchers, administrative and household building, repair shops, oilshower);

c) auxiliary buildings and structures (des. Dor. Station, garage, structures for the collection and cleaning of waste, grilled and fecal waters, out-of-wear structures, roads, fencing and landscaping of the territory, the construction of civil defense, temporary structures).

1.3. The design of thermal electric stations should be carried out at a high scientific and technical level, with the use of progressive highly economical equipment.

1.4. The main technical solutions should be made with regard to: ensuring the reliability of the equipment; maximum savings of initial investment and operational costs; reduced metal consumption; increase productivity in construction, operation and repair; Conservation of nature, as well as the creation of normal sanitary and living conditions for operational and repair personnel.

Surgical-planning and design solutions of newly constructed, expandable and reconstructed TPPs should be taken in accordance with SNiP.

Projects should take into account the possibility of maximizing wastewater production waste, discharge heat and ashlakov in the national economy of the country.

In the projects of power plants, sections of the organization and repair are being developed. These sections are developed in accordance: Operating with "Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants and networks", and on repairs with "instructions for designing an organization and mechanization of equipment repair, buildings and structures on thermal power plants."

1.5. The layout of technological equipment should provide normal conditions for maintenance and repair of equipment at its high mechanization with minimal use of manual labor.

1.6. For power plants built in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air for heating minus 20 ° C and above, it is allowed to design the main buildings of power plants with an open boiler room, as well as with a semi-open installation of peak water boilers operating on solid fuel.

The half-open installation of hot water boilers on gaseous and liquid fuels is used in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air for heating minus 25 ° C and above.

1.7. Service and auxiliary premises with a permanent stay in them should be located in places separated from the existing equipment with walls. Inside the premises are prohibited to lay the technological pipelines, with the exception of pipelines of heating, water pipelines, ventilation and pipelines necessary for the technology of work carried out.

It is prohibited to place the office and auxiliary premises below the OTM. 0.0 m, in the zone of the flange compounds of pipelines and reinforcement under the excess pressure of the medium, under the bins of coal, dust, ash, rechargeable, rig foods of bootag groups, on the maintenance equipment of technological equipment.

When operating and auxiliary premises are located near the potential trauma, two exits from opposite sides should be provided.

Auxiliary premises should be placed in places with the smallest effects of noise, vibration and other harmful factors, if possible, in places with natural lighting.

The levels of harmful factors indoors should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the relevant scientific and technical documents:

microclimate - GOST 12.1.005-76 "SSBT. Air of the working area. GENERAL SANITARY AND HYGENIC REQUIREMENTS" GOST 12.1.007-76 "SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements";

noise - GOST 12.1.003-76 "SSBT. General security requirements";

vibration - GOST 12.1.012-78 "SSBT. Vibration, general security requirements."

Lights in auxiliary premises should meet the requirements of SNiP II-4-79. "Natural and artificial lighting".

1.8. Gas pipelines applying combustible gas to the TPP, including those passing through the territory of the power plant to the valve at the GDP inserts, are not included in the power plant facilities and refer to main gas networks.

2. Nature security

2.1. Protection of land

2.1.2. When developing projects of power plants follows:

- use, as a rule, land of non-agricultural purposes and low product;

- provide for the removal and storage of the fertile layer of the soil (on the lands of temporary and permanent removal) in order to apply it to the rechargeable (restored) land and unsuitable landmarks;

- to compensate for the agricultural land;

- When removing land plots, temporary use should include the subsequent recultivation of these areas.

2.1.3. The area of \u200b\u200ballocated land plots for the construction of a power plant facilities should be used rationally and determined by the following conditions:

- optimal blocking of industrial buildings and structures;

- the placement of subsidiary services and utility production in high-rise buildings;

- compliance with the regulatory density of the development in accordance with the requirements of the head of the SNIP;

- by consideration of the required reserve area for expanding power plants in accordance with the design task and with the relevant feasibility study;

- the definition of the area of \u200b\u200bzero-skirts, taking into account the use of ash and slag in the national economy.

2.1.4. Lands should be discharged, taking into account the actual need for construction objects. Temporarily assigned land under career, dumps of soil, etc. After they carry out all the necessary work on reclamation, land users should be returned.

2.1.5. As part of the power plant project, there should be a section on the recultivation of land allocated to temporary use, and the improvement of unproductive land, as compensation for the agricultural land. Reclamation projects are carried out with the involvement of project organizations of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, the USSR Gosplashoz and the USSR Ministry of Actuary. Improvement projects of low productive land should be carried out with the involvement of design institutions on land management (hyproxes) of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture.

2.1.7. When designing a power plant, it should be considered the possibility of using existing construction bases and integumenting sites near the USSR Ministry of Energy.

2.1.8. Driving iron and roads, as well as external engineering communications, heat lines, power lines and communication, applying and discharge channels of technical water supply, etc., if they coincide in the direction, should, as a rule, be placed in one lane of land removal and If possible, tracing them, without disturbing the existing borders of agricultural land and fields of crop rotation.

2.1.9. The ashons should be designed to be designed to be conservation or reclamation after filling them with asseal to the design height.

2.2. Guarding the air pool

2.2.1. In the projects of thermal power plants, measures must be provided to reduce the concentration of harmful substances and dust in the surface layer of atmospheric air, up to values \u200b\u200bnot exceeding permissible sanitary standards (PVC).

This condition should be provided with regard to the operation of the power plant during its finite power, as well as taking into account the background of the atmosphere created by other sources of contamination.

The calculation of the concentration is carried out at the mode of operation of the power plant on its full electrical and thermal load corresponding to the average temperature of the coldest month.

When calculating for the summer mode of the power plant in cases of installation on it, three and more turbines takes into account the stop of one of them for repairs.

2.3. Protection of the water basin

2.3.1. To protect the water basin from pollution with various industrial wastewater, appropriate treatment facilities must be provided, ensuring compliance with the sanitary standards of the USSR Ministry of Health.

2.3.2. The choice of method and production wastewater treatment schemes are made depending on the specific conditions of the designed power plant: power and installed equipment, modes of operation, type of fuel, method of gold, cooling systems, water treatment systems, local climatic, hydrogeological and other factors with relevant technical and economic calculations. .

Wastewater discharge in water bodies should be designed in compliance with the "rules for protecting surface water from wastewater pollution" and in the prescribed manner to be coordinated with the authorities to regulate the use and protection of water, state sanitary supervision, for the protection of fish stocks and the regulation of fish farming and other interested bodies.

2.3.3. Designing of reservoir-coolers, zolotochetics, stylooms, evaporator ponds, water treatment, etc. It should be carried out taking into account the development of integrated measures to protect surface and groundwater from pollution by wastewater.

When developing events, it is necessary to consider:

- the possibility of reducing the amount of contaminated industrial wastewater by applying the power plant of perfect equipment and rational circuit solutions in the technological process;

- the use of partially or fully revolving water supply systems, reuses spent in one technological process of water on other installations;

- the possibility of using existing, designed treatment plants of neighboring industrial enterprises and settlements or construction of common facilities with proportional equity participation;

- The project should eliminate filtering from gastrointed storage of polluted water into the ground stream.

3. General Plan and Transportation

3.1. General plan

3.1.1. The area or construction point of the thermal power plant is determined by the scheme of development of power systems or the heat supply scheme of the area. The choice of site for construction, as well as the definition of the main characteristics of the power plant, is made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of competing options performed in accordance with the requirements of "Instructions for the Development of Projects and SET for Industrial Construction", as well as relevant heads of construction standards and rules.

3.1.2. The platform for the construction of the power plant should, if possible, satisfy the following conditions:

- the soils, the foundation platform, should allow the construction of buildings and structures, as well as the installation of heavy equipment without a device of expensive bases;

- The level of groundwater should be lower than the depth of the attachment of cellars of buildings and underground engineering communications;

- the surface of the site should be relatively smooth with a slope providing surface drainage;

- the playground should not be located in the locations of minerals or in the development area of \u200b\u200bthe workings, on the requested or landslide sites and areas contaminated with radioactive discharges, as well as in the security zones in accordance with applicable law;

- with orientation on the direct-flow scheme of technical water supply, the platform should be placed in water bodies and rivers on the coastal unlotted flood water, taking into account the lowest height of the cooling water lifting;

- For heat plates, the site should be as close as possible to heat consumers.

3.1.4. The layout of the master plan of industrial plants should be solved taking into account the approaches of the railways and roads, the conclusions of the LEP and other communications on the most rational scheme in conjunction with the Term Development of the District, taking into account the architectural requirements and requirements for zoning the territory.

3.1.5. The master plan for the power plant is carried out with regard to:

Development of power plant for complete power;

- the optimal technological dependence of the subsidiary and production support services relative to the main production in compliance with the necessary sanitary, fire and other norms governing the distance between buildings, structures and engineering communications;

- the location of railway stations and fuel warehouses, as a rule, outside the fence of the industrial site (when the fuel warehouse is located, a pedestrian bridge (tunnel) should be provided for the power station for the transfer of personnel and communications);

- architectural design of the site of the main entrance to the power plant free from the development of temporary buildings and structures.

Buildings and facilities, and if necessary, around them, there is a highway for the passage of fire trucks.

3.1.6. The construction and assembly base, as a rule, should be placed on the side of the temporary end of the main building. A set of temporary buildings and structures should provide for their maximum blocking, as well as the use of fixed-purpose power plants as possible. Installation platforms should be placed not further than 100 m from the temporary end of the main body of the full power.

When building in one area of \u200b\u200bseveral power plants, the location of their common construction, installation and repair area production components (RPKB), the base of power plants and the village is determined by the regional planning scheme.

Construction, assembling and repair base are accepted minimum sizes with a rational blocking of production and auxiliary buildings, taking into account their further use.

3.1.8. To ensure surface drainage, as a rule, an open system should be applied by device of cuvettes, trays and a ditch. The use of a closed drainage system must be justified.

3.2. Transportation

3.2.1. The choice of the type of passenger transport must be determined on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.4. For power plants placed in an industrial area or under industrial enterprises, railway transport is linked to the General Development Scheme of the Railway Transport of the Industrial Knot.

3.2.5. Cooperation should be provided with neighboring enterprises and MPS for the construction and operation of the combined railway stations, driveways, common equipment and locomotive-car depots.

3.2.6. All objects of railway transport should be design for the full development of power plants with the allocation of work in construction queues.

3.2.8. The useful lengths of receiving and sending paths at the stations of the adjoining and railway stations of power stations are taken, as a rule, at the calculation of the installation of the routes of the promising weight rate of the train.

In some cases, with appropriate substantiation and coordination with the management of the railway at railway stations of power plants, it is allowed to reduce the useful lengths of the tracks, but provided that the route is received for no more than two or three feeds.

Admission to the power plant of other economic and construction goods is taken into account with the ratio of the uneven movement of trains 1.5.

3.2.10. When determining the number of routes, the daily fuel consumption is made based on the 24-hour operation of all installed boilers at their nominal performance.

3.2.11. For the needs of the construction, the permanent railway tracks should be maximized.

The permanent entries of the railway tracks into the turbine and the boiler room are envisaged only from the temporary end of the main building. From the permanent end of the main building and along the front of the transformer installation, transformer rolling paths are provided. For the CHP, a device of transformers rolling paths from the temporary end is allowed.

3.2.12. For the mouth of the wagons on the car supplies, electric holders should be applied, or, with appropriate justifications, electric locomotives with remote control.

Special maneuver devices should be applied to the yasels.

Paths of the slope and rolling cars must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of safety.

3.2.13. All cars entering the power plant with solid and liquid fuel should be weighed, while the scales should be used, allowing weighing the wagons on the go without stopping the composition.

The weight of the liquid fuel entering the railway tanks is periodically determined by weighing or measuring.

3.2.14. For manowver work on the paths of the power plant, diesel locomotives or electric locomotives should be applied.

At power plants, with the impossibility of cooperation with other enterprises, it is envisaged to the construction of an eciprot repair unit for locomotives and mechanisms of a coal warehouse, or a locomotive depot for gas-containing stations. In cases of acquisitions, the locomotive and wagon depot should be provided for the Park Pockery Power Plant.

At the TPP railway station, a service and technical building should be provided, a clause-maintenance point of wagons, in the necessary cases of electrical centralization or shooting posts.

Refueling cabins of wagons with lubricant and the production of free-circuit wagon repair should be made on sending clauses of the TPP railway station, for which lubricant should be provided, racks for storing spare parts, asphalting along the repair tracks for the extension of spare parts with the corresponding increase in the distance between the paths.

If necessary, sending routes must be equipped with automotive test devices.

Catching car repair should be made on a special railway track.

Railroad tracks of the station, the route of maintenance of rolling stock, passenger platforms and moving should be covered in accordance with the requirements of the MPS norms.

3.2.15. In the case of the delivery of fuel routes directly by the Locomotives of the MPS, the drive railway routes of the power plant, adjacent to electrified highways, should also be electrified.

With the electrification of railway tracks of the power plants, it is necessary to use the possibility of connecting to the traction substations of the MPS, blocking traction substations with general industrial transformer substations, as well as blocking duty points and workshops of the contact network with locomotive-carriage depots or check-in wagons.

It should also be checked the possibility of using the overload ability of existing traction transformers and rectifier units of the MPS.

3.2.17. Railway tracks and arrows associated with the work of the car stroke should be equipped with electrical centralization.

The arrow translations that determine the output of the electric carrier for the wagon's mouth should be controlled only by the railway station with the obligatory control of the position of the electrical holder.

3.2.18. Unloading and discharging devices must be equipped with automatic exit and entry light and sound alarm.

3.2.20. When choosing the direction of external roads, the prospects for the development of the area and the most efficient combination of the designed road with the network of existing and projected communication paths are taken into account. The tracks and the main parameters of the designed roads are chosen based on a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.23. On the area at the main entrance to the power plant, platforms for parking lots of public transport, as well as personal cars, motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles are envisaged. The size of the platforms (their capacity) is determined depending on the number of operational personnel.

4. Fuel and oil economy

4.1. Unloading, feeding and storing solid fuel

4.1.1. The daily fuel consumption is determined on the basis of 24 hours of operation of all energy boilers at their nominal performance. Fuel consumption by water boilers is determined based on 24 hours of operation when coating heat loads at the average temperature of the cold month.

4.1.2. The hour performance of each thread of fuel feeds is determined by the daily flow rate of the power plant, based on 24 hours of operation of the fuel feed with a reserve of 10%.

For power plants with a capacity of 4000 MW and higher or at fuel consumption of more than 2000 t / h, the fuel feed is performed with two independent leads to the main case.

4.1.3. When performing fuel feeds 100 t / h or more, for unloading ZH. D. Wagons with coal and shale are used car pipelines.

4.1.4. When performing fuel feeds from 100 to 400 t / h, one car pipeline is installed, from 400 to 1000 t / h - two car pipelines.

The number of car pipelines for power plants with the performance of fuel feeds Over 1000 t / h is determined, based on 12 tipping into the hour of the weighted average loading carriages, in which the fuel is supplied to these power plants, plus one standby car pipeline.

4.1.5. When installing one VogonOprofielder in the fuel warehouse, a 120 m unloading overpack is provided or a receiving bunker per wagon.

When installing two car strokes and more in stock, an unloading overpass is 60 m long, designed to unload defective wagons.

4.1.7. For power plants, the performance of fuel feeds less than 100 t / h, as a rule, applied product unloading devices.

4.1.9. To unload the sludge is used by ZH.D. The overpass in the fuel warehouse, next to which the slope should be provided to store the slope.

4.1.11. In unloading devices for crushing on lattices of fatigue and large-rod fuel, including milling peat, the installation of special crushing machines is provided. Lattices over the bunkers of car pipeline should have cells of no more than 350x350 mm, expanding downwards. In other cases, the sizes of cells over bunkers are accepted in accordance with the requirements of safety regulations.

With the corresponding justification, the dimensions of the lattices are allowed under the car pipeline with a cell of more than 350x350 mm; At the same time, in addition to crushing machines, additionally crushers of coarse crushing should be provided.

4.1.13. The supply of fuel from each car pipeline is carried out by one tape conveyor with a capacity of equal performance of the car pipeline pipeline.

4.1.14. When installing one car surveyor, the performance of each thread of the fuel supply system into the boiler room is taken equal to 50% of the performance of the car pipeline.

4.1.15. In the tract of fuel feeds of power plants operating on all types of solid fuel, including the milling peat, the hammer crushers of fine crushing, which ensure the grinding of the fuel to the size of 25 mm are installed. When working at peat and other small fuel (0-25 mm), the possibility of supplying fuel in addition to crushers is envisaged.

The performance of all established crushers of fine crushing should be no less than the performance of all the focus on the boiler room.

With a technical substantiation, the productivity of crushers is selected taking into account the details of the trivia using the screen.

4.1.16. In the tract of fuel supplies on the conveyors for trapping from metal coal, it is installed:

- in the node of perspirations - suspended self-loading electromagnetic metal detergent and metal detector;

- Before hammer crushers - suspended self-discharge electromagnetic metal separator and metal detector, and after hammer crushers, pulley and suspended electromagnetic metal separators.

With a medium-mining mills after hammer crushers, non-magnetic metal trap is additionally established.

With ball drum mills, metal collectors are installed only before crushers.

4.1.17. To capture from coal wood sets:

- in the cross-lifting assembly assembly to crushers - progressants of long-term items;

- On the conveyors after hammer crushers - chips trap.

Called items should be removed by the mechanized manner.

4.1.18. In the tract of fuel feed on the conveyors after the crushers of fine crushing, sampling and commorable installations are provided for determining the quality of the fuel supplied to the boiler room.

4.1.19. For conveying fuel entering the boiler room, tape scales are installed on the conveyors.

4.1.20. Cross-overproofing in the fuel feed system are provided:

- after the conveyors of the unloading device;

- after conveyors from the warehouse;

- In the passpointing tower of the main building.

4.1.21. The angle of inclination of tape conveyors is received no more than 18 ° for all types of solid fuel. In places of loading of large-rod fuel, the angle of conveyors is received by 12 °, and at a justification is allowed not more than 15 °.

4.1.22. For the distribution of fuel on bunkers of boilers, ultimately stationary plugs are applied.

4.1.23. The angle of inclination of the walls of receiving bunkers of unloading devices with car carrier pipelines and sampling of bunkers is taken for anthracite, stone coal and shale, at least 55 °, for peat and brown coals - 60 °, for high-voltage coal, industrial rod and sludge - at least 70 °. The walls of bunkers of unloading devices and fuel warehouse should have heating.

4.1.24. The angle of incinerate boxes and pumps for coal and shale is taken at least 60 °, and for peat and high-level coal at least 65 °. Boxes and flows are performed by round, without fractures and bends.

For hissing coal, the sleeves, flows and tees, with the exception of the seats, are carried out with heating.

The working surfaces of the flows are performed from the thickened sheet or with special means of wear protection.

4.1.25. Ribbon conveyors are usually installed in closed galleries. The height of the galleries in the vertical light is taken at least 2.2 m. The gallery width is chosen on the basis of the need to have passes between the conveyors of at least 1000 mm, and the side is 700 mm. When arranged between the column conveyors, the passage from one column must be 700 mm. Local narrowing of side passes up to 600 mm are allowed.

With one conveyor, the passage must be on one side of 1000, and from the other 700 mm (all sizes are indicated to the protruding parts of building structures and communications).

In the galleries every 100 m, it is necessary to provide transient bridges through the conveyors. In these places, the height of the gallery should provide a free passage.

4.1.26. The level of mechanization of coal warehouses should ensure their work with minimal personnel, both to perform warehouse operations and for repairing mechanisms.

At coal warehouses should be applied:

- continuous mechanisms (rotary loaders, stackers) on a tracked or rail track with maximum automation of their operation;

- Powerful bulldozers, in a complex with a stacker or conveyors of the required length.

It is recommended to take the bulldozer mileage when issuing coal from the warehouse to 75 m.

The choice of system of mechanization of coal warehouses in each particular case is determined by a technical and economic justification, taking into account the climatic conditions of the area of \u200b\u200bplacing power plants, time consumption and fuel quality.

The peat warehouses are equipped with continuous loading machines or grab cranes.

Continuous machines are not reserved.

Other warehouse mechanisms except bulldozers are reserved by one mechanism. In the mechanization of the warehouse only with bulldozers, the reserve should be in the amount of 30% of their calculated quantity.

In the mechanization of coal warehouses with continuous operation machines for recreaking coal and sealing it in the stack, 2-3 bulldozer is provided, which are also used to issue coal from the buffer stack.

4.1.27. In order to avoid downtime of loaded wagons in the period when the boiler room bins are filled, on power plants with closing unloading devices, a buffer storage tank with a capacity of two or four rail routes should be provided.

4.1.28. The issuance of fuel from the warehouse is carried out by a single-satellite system of belt conveyors. The issuance of fuel from the buffer stack in the main tract of fuel feeds is carried out by bulldozers or other mechanisms and an independent single-ended conveyor.

4.1.29. The hourly productivity of all mechanisms issuing fuel from the warehouse should be no less than the performance of the conveyor system.

4.1.30. For repair of bulldozers and their maintenance, closed heated rooms are provided, equipped with the necessary repairs to the number of machines equal to 30% of the calculated bulldozers, but not less than two cars. Middle repair of bulldozers, as a rule, is made in the equipment and repair unit.

4.1.31. Capacity of coal and slate warehouses is accepted (excluding the state survey), as a rule, equal to the 30-day fuel consumption.

For power plants located in the area of \u200b\u200bcoal cuts or mines at a distance of 41-100 km, the storage capacity is taken equal to 15-daily flow, and at a distance of up to 40 km - equal to 7-daily flow rate.

4.1.32. At the projected power plants, with the prospect of their expansion, the possibility of expanding the warehouse should be provided.

4.1.33. The reserve reserve of peat is provided for a 15-day consumption. The peat warehouse can be removed from the territory of the power plant within the distance within 5 km.

The warehouse must have a direct connection with the main tract of fuel supplies performed by single-ended conveyors or railway tracks that are not leaving for railways common use. It is allowed to place a backup reserve of peat on the nearby peat enterprise, remote from the power plant for no more than 30 km and associated with it by rail without entering the share railway tracks. In this case, near the power station, the flowable warehouse of peat with a capacity of 5 daily flow rate, but not more than 60000 tons is constructed.

4.1.34. Closed warehouses are allowed for power plants located in large cities in the conditions of constrained territory, as well as with a special substantiation in remote northern regions.

4.1.35. All devices on the transshipment of fuel indoors, as well as raw fuel hoppers are designed with sealing from dusting and dedicted installations.

Remotional installations are provided in the nodes of crossings, crushing devices and in the bunker gallery of the main building. For discharge devices, the choice of a system of dedusing in each case is determined individually.

When dusting with aspiration plants, air, removed by them from the fuel feeders, should be reimbursed by the flow of purified air, and in the cold period of the year and heated. A unorganized influx of outdoor air during the cold period of the year is allowed in the amount of no more single air exchange per hour.

4.1.36. Cleaning the dust and oids of coal in the premises of fuel feeds should be mechanized. All heated fuel supplies should be designed taking into account the cleaning of dust and screaming coal with the help of hydraulic.

It is recommended to provide devices for utilization of the sludge.

4.1.37. In order to prevent dust clusters on building structures It should be maximally limited the number of protruding elements, and where the protruding parts are inevitable, they must have an angle of inclination at least 60 °.

4.1.38. Galleries of belt conveyors, placement of swivel nodes, as well as the underground part of the unloading devices must be equipped with heating to maintain the temperatures of +10 ° C; Premises of crushing devices +15 ° C.

The above-ground part of the unloading devices (with the exception of the building of the car pipeline and other devices with continuous movement of cars), is equipped with heating to maintain temperature in them not lower than +5 ° C.

The gallery of conveyors that feed the fuel to the warehouse for areas with the calculated temperature is minus 20 ° C and below, equipped with heating to maintain the temperatures in them not lower than +10 ° C, in the rest of the regions they are not heated, and the conveyors are equipped with a frost-resistant tape.

Cabins of carriage drivers must be performed closed with heating and ventilation.

4.1.39. On the fuel feed for the production of repair work, appropriate platforms and premises should be provided.

4.2. Reception, submission and storage of fuel oil

4.2.1. The fuel oil economy is constructed for supplying fuel oil (hereinafter referring to the fuel oil) of energy and water-heating boilers of power plants using fuel oil as the main fuel, as well as power plants for which the main fuel is gas, and the fuel oil is a backup or emergency fuel.

The estimated daily consumption of fuel oil is determined based on the 20-hour operation of all energy boilers at their nominal performance and 24-hour operation of hot water boilers when coating thermal loads at the average temperature of the cold month.

4.2.2. For power plants operating on solid fuel during its chamber burning, a molding fuel economy is constructed. In the event of an installation on such power plants, gas-contained peak hot water boilers are combined with damask.

The supply of fuel oil of the launcher is made according to the main or distortion fuel oil.

4.2.3. For warming up and draining fuel oil from tanks, both drain overpass with heating fuel oil "open" ferry or hot fuel oil and closed drainage devices are warmly. The selection of the type of drain device is determined by the technical and economic calculation.

Drain of fuel oil from tanks is made in interference channels (trays). Of these, the fuel oil is sent to the receiving capacity, in front of which the coarse filter mesh and hydraulication should be provided.

4.2.4. The focusing device of the fostery is calculated on the reception of the tanks with a carrying capacity of 50, 60 and 120 t. The length of the unloading front of the main fastener should be taken on the basis of the drain of the calculated daily flow of fuel oil, the heating time and the plum of one rate is not more than 9 hours and the weight norm of the rail route, but not Less than 1/3 of the route length. At the same time, the delivery of fuel oil is taken by tanks with a calculated carrying capacity of 60 tons with a coefficient of non-uniformity of supply 1.2.

The length of the unloading front of the distillation fastener for power plants with a total capacity of boilers up to 8000 t / h is taken - 100 m, and when the boilers are produced above 8000 t / h - 200 m.

4.2.5. A pair or hot fuel oil supply is provided at the receiving-drain device to the tanks, for heating drain trays and to the hydraulic assembly.

Over the entire length of the front of the unloading of the main and extracting fasteners, the overpass at the level of steam heating devices of tanks are provided.

On both sides of drain and discharge trays, concrete gentlemen are performed with a bias toward trays. The slope of the trays is taken alone.

4.2.6. When supplying fuel oil to a power station on pipelines from nearby oil refining plants, a device for receiving fuel oil on the railway is not provided.

4.2.7. The magnitude of the receiving capacity of the main fastener is made at least 20% of the tank capacity installed for unloading. Pumps must provide fuel oil pumping, fused from tanks installed for unloading, no more than 5 hours. Pumps, pumping fuel oil from the receiving capacity, are installed with the reserve.

The receiving capacity of the mushroom fostering should be at least 120 m; Pumps pumping fuel oil from it are installed without a reserve.

4.2.8. Warming up the fuel oil in tanks of the fuel oil economy is taken circulating, while the heating is carried out, as a rule, according to a separate specially dedicated contour. It is allowed to use local steam warming devices.

The fuel oil supply scheme (single or two-stage) is mainly made depending on the required pressure before the nozzles.

4.2.9. In the fuel oil farms of power plants, steam is used by a pressure of 0.8-1.3 MPa (8-13 kgf / cm) with a temperature of 200-250 ° C. Condensate Couple should be used in the power station cycle and to be controlled and cleaning the fuel oil. Condensate from mazuto-heaters, satellites and warmly should be supplied separately from the condensation of steam pipelines of trays and containers.

4.2.10. Equipment of the main fuel oil economy should ensure the continuous supply of fuel oil into the boiler room during the operation of all working boilers with a nominal productivity.

The viscosity of the fuel oil supplied to the boiler house should be:

- when using mechanical and ferry mechanical nozzles, no more than 2.5 ° WCs, which for fuel oil "100" corresponds to a temperature of approximately 135 ° C;

- When using steam and rotary nozzles not more than 6 ° WC.

4.2.11. To ensure the circulation of fuel oil in the main masutoproduks of the boiler room and in the discharges to each boiler, the pipeline for the recycling of fuel oil fuel oil is provided.

4.2.12. In the pumping major fastener, except for the calculated amount of work equipment, should be provided:

- one element of backup equipment - pumps; heaters, fine filters;

- one element of repair equipment - the main pumps I and II steps.

The amount of fuel oil pumps in each stage of the main fuel oil economy should be at least four (in the number of one backup and one repair).

4.2.13. The performance of the main fuel oil pumps with a dedicated heating circuit is selected taking into account the additional consumption of fuel oil to recycling in the return highway with minimally permissible speeds. The capacity of the circulation heating pump should ensure the preparation of fuel oil in the tanks for the uninterrupted supply of the boiler room.

For circulation heating, fuel oil is provided by one backup pump and heater.

4.3.14. The installation of fuel oil heaters and fine filters should provide for the operation of any heater and filter with any pump I and II.

4.2.15. In fasteners should be provided with a remote (beyond the limits of the masutonasual) drainage container.

4.2.16. The supply of fuel oil to energy and water-heating boilers from the main fastener should be made in two highways, calculated each 75% of the nominal productivity, taking into account recycling.

4.2.17. Couple feeding to fuel oil is made in two highways, calculated each to 75% of the calculated consumption of steam.

At least two condensate pumps are installed, one of them is backup.

4.2.18. On suction and dischargeable mazutoprovods, shut-off valves should be installed at a distance of 10-50 meters from the masuton-pump for shutdowns in emergency cases.

At the inputs of the main fuel pipelines inside the boiler room, as well as on the taps to each boiler, locking valves should be installed with remote electrical and mechanical drives located in convenient places.

4.2.19. To maintain the necessary pressure in the main fiberglass, regulating valves "to ourselves" are established at the beginning of the recycling line from the boiler house into the fuel oil economy.

4.2.20. Remote emergency shutdown of fuel pumps should be made from the shield located in the main building.

In the boiler room and in the masutonospose should be provided for automatic alarms of the emergency decrease in the pressure of fuel oil in the trunk mazutoprovods.

4.2.21. The supply of fuel oil to fostering from the oil refinery should be carried out on one pipeline; In some cases, the fuel oil supply is allowed under the substantiation, while the bandwidth of each of them is taken equal to 50% of the maximum hourly fuel consumption by all working boilers in their nominal performance.

4.2.22. The gasket of all the fuel pipelines is usually ground.

All the masutopers laid outdoors and in cold rooms must have steam or other heating satellites in common with them isolation.

Only steel fittings should be applied on the masutoproduks.

On the Masutoproduks of the boiler departments, flange connections and fittings (probable passes) should be enclosed in steel casuals with a tap of the fuel into the fuel oil into special containers.

4.2.23. On gas-containing power plants it is necessary to provide a stand for the targeting of the nozzles located in the boiler room.

4.2.24. Masic and tanks of fuel oil should have thermal insulation in areas with an average annual temperature of +9 ° C and below.

4.2.25. The tank of the forarse (excluding the state-in) for power plants in which the fuel oil is the main, reserve or emergency fuel, is taken as follows:


	Outline	Capacity tanks
	Basic for power plants on fuel oil
	When delivery by rail	For 15 days
	When serving on pipelines	On a 3-day consumption
	Reserve for gas power plants	On 10 days
	Emergency for power plants on gas	For 5 days
	For peak water boilers	On 10 days

For gas power plants when ensuring a year-round supply of it from two independent sources, the fastener may not be constructed with the appropriate justification.

4.2.26. For power plants on which coal is isolated as the main fuel, and for peak water-heating boilers, the fuel oil, the capacity of the combined forarse is determined by consumption on the water boilers, taking into account the gasut of the fuel oil and the backlight.

For gas power plants with year-round filing from one source, an emergency fastener is envisaged, and during seasonal gas supply - reserve fostering.

4.2.27. In the fuel oil economy, it is necessary to provide devices for receiving, draining, storing the preparation and dosing of liquid additives in the fuel oil.

4.2.28. Mastering fuel oil is performed for solid fuel power plants with total boilers:

a) more than 8000 t / h - with three tanks with a capacity of 3000 m;

b) from 4000 to 8000 t / h - with three tanks with a capacity of 2000 m;

c) less than 4000 t / h - with three tanks with a capacity of 1000 m.

4.2.29. The supply of fuel oil to the boiler room from the Malvochny fostery is produced by one pipeline.

The number of fuel oil pumps in each stage of the casting fastener is made at least two, including one standby.

4.2.30. The capacity of the fuel oil pipelines and the productivity of the pumps of the mold fuel oil economy is selected taking into account the total number and capacity of the aggregates (power units) at the power plant, the mode of operation of the power plant in the power system and the characteristics of the area of \u200b\u200bthe power plant.

At the same time, the number of simultaneously cleaned aggregates should not exceed:

- on GRES - 4x200 MW blocks, 3x300 MW and more with a load of up to 30% of their nominal productivity;

- on the CHP of the two largest boilers with a load of up to 30% of their nominal performance.

4.2.31. The warehouse of the molding fosteer is allowed to be performed by combined with the warehouse of oil and fuel and lubricants.

For tractors (bulldozers) of the fuel economy of dust-powered power plants, a warehouse of fuel and lubricants is provided, comprising one underground tank with a capacity of 75-100 m for diesel fuel and one or two underground tank with a capacity of 3-5 m for gasoline.

4.2.32. The removal of clouded water from the bottom of any reservoir of the main and cast fuel oil is produced into the working tank, or in the receiving capacity, or on the treatment facilities.

4.2.33. Fuel economons of power plants for other types of liquid fuel (diesel, gas turbine, crude oil, rented oil, etc.) should be designed by special regulatory documents.

4.3. Gas farm

4.3.1. The gas regulatory item (hydraulic power plant) is envisaged on gas powered power plants, which is used as the main and seasonal fuel. The performance of a hydraulic fuel in power plants, where gas fuel is the main, is calculated on the maximum gas consumption by all workers boilers, and on power plants that burn gas seasonally, - in terms of gas consumption for the summer regime.

GPU are located on the territory of the power plant in separate buildings or under the canopies.

4.3.2. The gas supply from the gas distribution station (GDS) to the hydraulic power plant is produced by one gas pipeline for each GPU, the backup gas supply is not provided.

4.3.3. On gas-gas condensation power plants with a capacity of up to 1200 MW and CHP with a steam consumption of up to 4000 t / h, one hydraulic fracture can be constructed. On power plants, the larger power is constructed, respectively, two or more hydraulic fractures.

For gas power plants in the absence of a fuel oil economy, no less than two hydraulic fractures are constructed regardless of the power of the power plant.

The number of parallel installations regulating the gas pressure in each GPU is selected taking into account one backup.

4.3.4. Laying of all gas pipelines within the fuel pump and up to boilers is carried out ground.

The supply of gas from each GPA to the mains of the boiler room and the highway to the boilers is not reserved and can be made on one thread.

A gas collector that distributes gas on boiler aggregates is paired outside the building of the boiler room.

4.3.5. On only steel fittings should be applied on gas pipelines.

4.3.6. The gas economy of power plants, burning domain or coke gas, as well as gas generator gas gases, reset-technological, natural-wet and sulfur, etc., should be designed by special regulatory documents.

4.4. Oil farm

4.4.1. Each power station is equipped with a centralized oil economy of turbine and transformer oils, including equipment, fresh, regenerated and spent oils, pumps for receiving and pumping oils and installations for drying oils and a zeolite recovery or silica gel.

Mobile installations for the degassing of transformer oil should be provided to power systems for the period of filling transformers equipped with nitric or film protection.

4.4.2. In the oil economy, four tanks of turbine and transformer oils and two tanks of machinery for mill oil are installed. The tank of tanks for turbine and transformer oils should be at least the tank of the railway tank, i.e. 60 m, moreover, the capacity of each tank must provide:

- for turbine oil - the oil system of one unit with the largest volume of oil and oil plot in the amount of the 45-day need of all aggregates;

- for transformer oil - one largest transformer with a 10% reserve; If the volume of each tank for turbine and transformer oils will be less than the specified values, then it is necessary to set the double number of tanks;

- For machine oil - oil systems of four mills and oil tank in the amount of the 45-day need of all aggregates.

Storage of auxiliary lubricants is provided for in the amount of a 45-day need.

4.4.3. The supply of turbine and transformer oils to the main units and the draining of them separately according to single pipelines equipped with heating in the unheated zone.

4.4.4. For emergency discharge of turbine oil from aggregates, a special container is provided for a special capacity equal to the capacity of the system of the largest unit.

5. Boiler room

5.1. Boiler units

5.1.1. On condensation and heat plants with intermediate steam overheating, block diagrams (a turbine boiler) are used.

At the CHP without prom perhelling steam with mainly heating load, they are used, as a rule, block diagrams.

A block diagrams and with a corresponding substantiation with cross-links are used to the CHP without prominerating steam with the prevailing steam load.

5.1.2. Energy boiler boiler units with steam-capacity 400 t / h and higher, as well as peak boilers with heat production capacity of 100 Gcal / h and higher should be carried out by gas cells; Popular energy and water heating boilers of the specified power are performed or under reference or under vacuum, and dust-carbonate boilers are only under vacuum.

5.1.3. Steam output of boiler aggregates installed in a block with turbo units is selected at the maximum passing of acute steam through the turbine, taking into account the steam consumption on its own needs and stock in the amount of 3%.

Steam performance and the number of boiler aggregates installed on heat stakes with cross-links are selected at the maximum flow rate of the machine room, taking into account the steam consumption on its own needs and stock in size 3%.

5.1.4. The heat performance and the number of peak hot water and steam boilers of low pressure are selected based on the coating condition as a rule of 40-45% of the maximum heat load of heating, ventilation and hot water supply.

At the power plants with block diagram, it is envisaged to install backup water boilers in an amount at the exit of the operation of one energy block or one boiler double-bloc, which remained in the work of energy blocks and all installed peak boilers must ensure the maximum-length vacation steam on production and vacation Heating heat, ventilation and hot water supply in the amount of 70% of heat leave for these purposes with calculated to design the heating systems of the outer air.

On the cross-linking power plants, the installation of backup water and low-pressure steam boilers is not provided. For power plants of this type, in the event of an exit of the work of one energy boiler, the remaining energy boilers and all installed water boilers must provide the maximum-length vacation of steam on the production and release of heat for heating, ventilation and hot water supply in the amount of 70% of heat release to these goals with calculated to design systems of heating the temperature of the outer air; At the same time, for power plants with cross-links, which are included in the power system, a reduction in electrical capacity is allowed to the amount of power of the largest TPP turbo unchalter.

5.1.5. Energy and peak boilers are usually installed in a free space. For these boilers, dry cleaning of heating surfaces (blade, shot-cleaning, etc.) is envisaged.

5.1.6. For the CHP with a pretty pressure of steam, as well as for GRES, working on seawater, teaching boilers are usually applied.

5.1.7. For solid fuel power plants, regardless of the type of fuel, a closed individual system of dust preparation is applied.

5.1.8. With ball drum mills, the dust-preparatory installation is executed, as a rule, according to a diagram with intermediate bunkers. At the boiler with a steam-performance of 400 t / h and is more installed at least two mills. For boilers less permissibility, as well as for hot water boilers with a capacity of 180 Gcal / h and the installation of one mill to the boiler is taken below. At the same time, in all cases there is a connection on dust bunkers with neighboring boilers. The milling capacity is selected at the calculation of the provision of 110% of the rated steam output (heat production) of the boiler.

5.1.9. With media mills, fan mills, as well as hammer mills, a dust-preparatory installation, as a rule, is performed according to a straight blowing scheme. The use of dust bunkers with these mills is allowed with the appropriate justification.

Number of mills in straight blowing systems for boilers with steam-capacity 400 t / h and more selected at least three; For boilers of smaller steam output, as well as hot water boilers 180 Gcal and the lower is not less than two mills. The performance of these mills is chosen with the calculation so that when stopping one of them, the remaining exhaust the possibility of forwarding, provided: at two installed mills of at least 60%, at 3 mills - at least 80%, at 4 mills at least 90% , at 5 and more mills - 100% of the rated productivity of the boiler. When installing these mills in the dust preparation system with a dust bunker, the mill productivity reserve coefficient is selected at two mounted mills per boiler 1.35, at three - 1.2, at four or more - 1.1.

5.1.10. Fuel Weighing is made in the tract of fuel feed. Automatic scales in front of mills are not installed.

5.1.11. The performance of raw coal feeders is adopted with a reserve coefficient of 1.1 to mills performance.

The productivity of dust feeders is selected at the calculation of the rating of the nominal productivity of the boiler during the operation of all feeders with a load of 70-75% of their nominal performance.

Raw coal feeders for hammer mills with straight blowing diagrams and dust feeders are supplied with electric motors with the ability to widely regulate the number of revolutions (up to 1: 5).

5.1.12. The useful capacity of cheese fuel bunkers The boiler house is made at least:

for stone coal and ASh - 8 - hour stock in AS;

for peat - 3-hour stock.

The angle of inclination of the hoppers walls and the dimensions of their output holes are accepted:

a) for coal with normal bulk properties (the angle of natural slope is not more than 60 °) the angle of inclination of the walls 60 °, the sizes of the opening are at least 1.1 m in all directions;

b) for coal with degraded bulk properties (the angle of natural slope is greater than 60 °) the angle of inclination of the walls of 65 °, the sizes of the opening are at least 1.6 m, in all directions;

c) for sludge, industrial and other coals having an angle of natural slope more than 70 ° - the angle of inclination of the walls of at least 70 ° and the size of the opening is at least 1.8 m in all directions.

It is allowed to use smaller dimensions of the bunkers, depending on the design and sizes of the feeders of coal and milling productivity while maintaining the area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet holes.

The weekend of the bins of raw coal and the flows to the feeder is taken at least 1000 mm in any direction.

The inner faces of the corners of the bunkers are spinning or overlapped with a plane.

The hopper of raw coal and peat boiler house is supplied with pneumatic vehicles.

5.1.13. The useful capacity of intermediate dust bins in the boiler room should provide at least 2-2.5 hour stock of the nominal need of a boiler, over the "unfinished" bunker capacity necessary for reliable operation of dust capackers.

When installing one mill on the boiler, the useful container of the dust bunker must provide a 4-hour dust supply.

5.1.14. The characteristic of the smoke and blowing fans is chosen taking into account the reserves against the calculated values: 10% by productivity and 20% for the pressure for the smoke and for fans to remove 15%. These reserves also include the necessary reserves in the characteristics of the machines for the load control of the boiler load.

At rated loading of the boiler, the smokers should work with the efficiency of not lower than 90%, and the fans are not lower than 95% of the maximum value.

5.1.15. When installing two smoke and two blowing fans on the boiler, the performance of each of them is selected by 50%. For boilers on AS and skinny coals, in the case of the operation of one smoke or one blast fan, the boiler load should be provided with at least 70%.

For boilers with steam-capacity 500 t / h and less, as well as for each double-block boiler, one smoke is installed and one fan, the installation of two smokers and two fans is allowed only with the appropriate justification.

5.1.16. To regulate the operation of centrifugal smoke and blowing fans in boilers of block installations, guide machines are used with rotary blades in combination with two-speed electric motors. For the remaining boilers, the feasibility of installing two-speed engines is checked in each case.

For axial smoke, guides apparatuses with single-speed electric motors are used.

5.1.17. The open installation of the smoke and blowing fans is used for power plants operating on liquid or gaseous fuel areas with the estimated heating temperature above minus 30 ° C.

Blowers with turbo drives are installed in closed rooms.

The open installation of the supplied tubular and regenerative air heaters is used in climatic areas with the estimated heating temperature above minus 30 ° C.

5.1.18. When burning sulfur fuels, measures and devices for protecting the surfaces of the heating of boilers and corrosion gas ducts are provided.

When the water-heating boilers are installed on the CHP, for which the main or backup is highlighted with a fuel with a sulfur () content () more or equal to 0.1%, the temperature of the network water at the inlet to the boiler should be no less than 110 ° C.

5.1.19. In the boiler departments of GRES and CHP, it is envisaged to be a dead-end railway race; Check-in length should ensure the removal of goods from the railway platform by means of lifting mechanisms. With the appropriate justification, a device of a dead-end railway track is allowed to be combined with a motor vehicle along the entire length of the boiler room. In the boiler departments it is envisaged through the passage of vehicles. With the number of power units, six and more provisions one side race of vehicles from chimneys.

Dimensions of car trails are installed in the technical project when developing issues of mechanization of assembly and repair work and the layout of the boiler room.

5.1.20. In the boiler room at several marks (zero, control platform), repair areas should be provided for transportation and placement during the repair of materials and equipment with loads on the overlap of 0.5-1.5 t / m.

5.1.21. Regardless of the type of load-lifting mechanisms for repair work in the boiler room, elevators should be provided for operational personnel at the rate of one air-passenger elevator into two blocks with a capacity of 500 MW and more and one by one four blocks.

Repair elevators are simultaneously used for operation.

5.1.22. For the cleaning of dust in the premises of the boiler household power plants, a pneumatic suction system with pipeline wiring is envisaged, and the hydraulic system for cleaning the floors.

5.2. Zavolovka

5.2.1. All boilers burning solid fuel, equipped with gold plates.

The rowing coefficient, depending on the power of the power station and the reduced ash content of the combed fuel, is accepted accordingly:

- For condensation power plants with a flow of 2400 thousand kW and higher and higher than the capacity of 500 thousand kW and higher, highly efficient electrostilifers should be applied to the degree of purification of gases not lower than 99% at a given ash content of 4% and less and, 99.5% with a given ash content above 4 %;

- for condensation power plants with a capacity of 1000-2400 thousand kW and CHP with a capacity of 300-500 thousand kW - not lower than 98% and 99% of respectively reduced ash content;

- for condensation power plants with a capacity of 500-1000 thousand kW and CHP with a capacity of 150-300 thousand kW not lower than 96% and 98% of respectively reduced ash content;

- For CAP and CHP less power, the gas purification coefficient is taken by 93% and 96% of respectively reduced ash content.

5.2.2. The height of the chimneys is selected in accordance with the approved method of calculating the dispersion in an emission atmosphere and is checked by a permissible dying before the smoke.

The calculation is carried out according to fuel consumption at the maximum electrical load of the power plant and thermal load at the average temperature of the most cold month. With summer mode, in the case of installing five turbines and more, the calculation is carried out taking into account the stop of one of them for repairs.

5.2.3. As a zuclear on power plants, usually apply:

- for cleaning gases with a degree above 97% - electrostilifers;

- For the cleaning of gases with a degree of 95-97% - wet ashors of the MS-WTI and MV-UAO GRES. If it is impossible to use wet devices (due to the properties of ash or for its further use, etc.) electrostilifers are installed with a degree of purification of at least 98%;

- To purify gases with a degree of 93-95% - battery cyclones of the type BSU-M or BCRN.

The use of scoreholders of other types is allowed with the appropriate justification.

5.2.4. As a rule, it should be used open installation Zhowers with closure in all climatic zones of the lower bunker and the upper nozzles of irrigation of wet ashors.

In areas with an estimated heating temperature minus 20 ° C and below wet ashors are installed indoors.

5.2.5. The system of gas ducts before and after the asporas, as well as their layout, should ensure the uniform distribution of flue gases on the devices with minimal resistance of the gas tract.

In the rods, if necessary, guide blades or other gas distribution devices are installed.

5.2.6. The temperature and moisture content of flue gases entering the electrostilifers should provide the possibility of highly efficient purification of gases from the ash of the fuel of the fuel, taking into account its electrophysical properties.

If the temperature and moisture content of flue gases behind the steam generator do not provide favorable electrophysical properties of the ash necessary for the effective operation of the electrostilifers, the required temperature and moisture content of gases are achieved by the relevant boiler activities or the special installation device in front of the electrostiliter.

5.2.7. High-voltage power units of electrostilifers are placed in a special room.

5.2.8. It is not allowed to reset in the bunker of air or gas electrostilifers from the system of aspiration, shotiders, etc. Resetting the drying agent from an open dust-preparation system to the flue gases in front of the electrostilifer is allowed subject to the requirements of explosion and fire safety.

5.2.9. The temperature of the flue gases behind the wet ashors for any mode of operation of the steam generator should be at least 15 ° C above the point of gases on water vapor.

5.2.10. On the roshodes of each ash development on the task of an organization designing ashors, hatches and platforms are provided for determining the effectiveness of rowing.

5.2.11. Electrofilters and battery cyclones are equipped with a dry ash collection and transport system. Under the hoppers of the aspants, devices are installed, excluding air supplies in the bunker. These devices must provide normal work Systems of dry and wet aspouring with all modes of shaking the precipitating electrodes.

5.2.12. Dry casuals should have thermal insulation and heating system of the bottom of the bunker, which provides the temperature of the hopper wall at least 15 ° C above the dew point of flue gases along water vapor.

5.3. INSTALLAND SKYSTEATING

5.3.1. Intustational ashlacking to pumping stations is carried out separately using pneumohydraulic or hydraulic methods.

In the presence of dry zuclear testers, an intra-depth pneumohydraulic zololation is adopted at the TPP, in which the ash from under the ashors is assembled by pneumatic systems in the prombuncker. The ash prombuncker is fed through the hydroeer channels into the pumping station. In the presence of ash consumers, it is transported by a pneumatic way from a prombuncker to a dry ash warehouse or is issued directly from prombunckers to consumer vehicles.

With wet ashors, hydraulic removal of ash channels in the pumping station is taken.

With the appropriate substantiation, other methods of internal ashistribution can be applied.

5.3.2. Slag and heated channels within the site, including located in the pumping station, are usually separated.

The slag channels with solid slag adoption are performed with a slope of at least 1.5% and with a liquid slading - at least 1.8%. Slashing channels are performed with a slope of at least 1%.

Channels are usually performed by reinforced concrete facing from the stone products. In the length of the channels, motivating nozzles are installed. Channels should be blocked by light grate designs at the floor level.

5.3.3. Baherto pumping station is located in the boiler room. In case of the impossibility of the location of the pump in the main building, with the appropriate justification, it is allowed to place the bargered pump outside the main building.

At the suction of bargered pumps, an adopted capacity is provided for no less than two minutes of the pump for the pump, located in the main building, and at least three minutes - for remote bargered pumping.

5.3.4. At least 6 boilers are connected to one bargery pumping capacity of 320-500 t / h; at least 4 boilers for 640-1000 t / h; At least 2 boilers for 1650-2650 t / h.

5.3.5. The pumping equipment of gold systems is accepted by the possibility of large sizes. Pumps of irrigation, flushing, ejecting, sealing water and slurry (gold) pumps are installed with a single backup unit in each pump group.

Booter pumps are installed with one backup and one repair unit in each pumping station.

With the danger of the formation of mineral deposits in the system in each group of pumps (except bargered and sludge), it is installed on a single additional pump for the possibility of cleaning.

If it is necessary to pump the slagosol pulp with several stages of bargered and slurry pumps in one pump station, 2 pumps are installed.

5.3.6. At pH of the clarified water 12.0, it is not allowed to mix it with technical feeding.

5.3.7. Slagodrogorki, as a rule, are installed under the boilers. Installation of slagodurobils in the bargered pumping is provided if it is necessary to obtain smaller slag fractions under the conditions of application on the zolotochecotelmage of dispersed scheduling.

5.3.8. When designing power plants, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of collecting and issuing zolothelkov to consumers. Consumers of Zolothekov should be identified and taking into account their applications to design devices for the issuance of ash and slag.

5.3.9. For collecting dry ash, pneumatic systems with aeroops and pneumatic lifters, vacuum systems, low-pressure pipe systems are accepted into the warehouse in the prombuncker and transport. With a significant shown length of transport to the warehouse (up to 1000 m), pressure pneumatic systems with pneumatic or chamber pumps are used.

The dry ash warehouse for issuing it to consumers is taken with a capacity of more than two-day reserves in the average annual extradition of ash.

5.3.10. If you need to issue a slag to consumers, hydraulic systems with a three-section slagotrical system are envisaged, a slag scheduling system into a boil or consumable dumps.

The slagotric is made by reinforced concrete, with a drainage base. The capacity of one section of the sump is taken at no less daily reserve and slag sludge.

5.3.11. To wash the pulp pipelines, water supply to the seals of the ba arrivals and slurry pumps and adjustment of the level in the receiving capacity in front of the bargered pumps uses a revolving clarified water.

5.3.12. With the danger of the formation of mineral sediments in pulp-shirts and pipelines of clarified water, it should be provided for the installation for cleaning the hydraulic pump pipelines with a mixture of water and flue gases or other methods of cleaning pipelines.

5.3.13. The wastewater removal from the hydraulic area from the fuel supplementation premises is provided to the hydroplary system - to the bargery pumping station or in self-e-trays.

6. Turbid branch

6.1. The unit capacity of turboigregates of condensation blocks on power plants included in the combined power systems is obtained possibly larger for this type of fuel, taking into account the prospective development of the combined system, and on the power plants included in the isolated systems - on the basis of technical and economic analysis, taking into account the size of the emergency reserve and Costs for network construction, as well as promising development.

6.2. The unit capacity and the type of heat gries on the CHP, which are included in the power system are selected possibly larger taking into account the nature and promising magnitude of the heat loads of the area.

Couple production turbines are selected taking into account the long use of this selection during the year.

Turbines with a backpressure is chosen for the base part of the production steam and heating loads and are not installed by the first CHP aggregate.

In the CHP pipelines scheme, it is envisaged (if necessary), the possibility of implementing measures to maximize the boot of refractory turbines by reducing production and heating selections from condensation turbines.
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VNTP 81. Norms of technological design of thermal electric stations

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