Download for free VNTP 81
Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I argue:
Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR
I.S. Sugustry
"8" October 1981

Norma
Technological design of thermal electric stations

Approved. Minutes of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR on August 17, 1981 №99
in coordination with the USSR State Building, a letter No. AB-3430-20 / 4 dated 29.06.81.
Moscow, 1981

These norms are developed by the All-Union State Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution with the Project Institute "Thermal Electroprochkt", taking into account feedback and proposals of the WTI. F.E. Dzerzhinsky, Vinipienergoprom, Soyucenergo, CKB of the Glavnergoremont, CDU UES of the USSR, Gosgortkhnadzor of the USSR, NGO CKTI, Ministry of Energy, as well as other design, research, operational and repair organizations of the USSR Ministry of Energy.
The norms are considered, approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR and agreed with the USSR state system No. AB-3430-20 / 4 of June 29, 1981 and are mandatory for the technological design of thermal electric stations.

Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR (USSR Ministry of Energy)
Norms of technological design of thermal electric stations
VNTP-81
In exchange for the norms of technological design of thermal power plants and thermal networks, approved on May 8, 1973.

1. General part

Moscow, 1981.

The choice of a platform for the construction of a power plant should be carried out in compliance with the "Fundamentals of the Land Law of the Union of SSR and the Union republics" Legislative Acts for the Protection of Nature and Use natural resources, norms and rules of construction design is linked to the regional planning scheme or general scheme industrial node.

2.1.9. The ashons should be designed to be designed to be conservation or reclamation after filling them with asseal to the design height.

3.1.2. The platform for the construction of a power plant should be able to satisfy the following conditions:

The soils, the foundation platform, must allow the construction of buildings and structures, as well as the installation of heavy equipment without a device for expensive bases;

The groundwater level should be lower than the depth of the basements of buildings and underground engineering communications;

The surface of the site should be relatively smooth with a slope providing surface drainage;

The playground should not be located in the locations of minerals or in the development area of \u200b\u200bthe workings, on the requested or landslide areas and areas contaminated with radioactive garbage, as well as in security zones in accordance with applicable law;

When orientation on the direct-flow scheme of technical water supply, the pad should be placed in water bodies and rivers on the coastal non-flooded areas, taking into account the lowest height of the cooling water lifting;

For thermal power plants, the site should be as close as possible to heat consumers.

Buildings and facilities, and if necessary, around them, there is a highway for the passage of fire trucks.

4.1.35. All devices on the transshipment of fuel indoors, as well as raw fuel hoppers are designed with sealing from dusting and dedicted installations.

Remotional installations are provided in the nodes of crossings, crushing devices and in the bunker gallery of the main building. For discharge devices, the choice of a system of dedusing in each case is determined individually.

When dusting with aspiration plants, air, removed by them from the fuel feeders, should be reimbursed by the flow of purified air, and in the cold period of the year and heated. A unorganized influx of outdoor air during the cold period of the year is allowed in the amount of no more single air exchange per hour.

4.1.36. Cleaning the dust and oids of coal in the premises of fuel feeds should be mechanized. All heated fuel supplies should be designed taking into account the cleaning of dust and screaming coal with the help of hydraulic.

4.2.32. The removal of clouded water from the bottom of any reservoir of the main and damask fuel oil is produced into the working tank, or in the receiving capacity, or on claiming facilities.

Only steel fittings should be applied on gas pipelines and smelters.

When designing pipelines:

It is not allowed to use cast-iron reinforcement:

On gas pipelines of combustible gas, masutoprods with a conditional passage of 50 mm and more;

On water pipelines and steam with a conditional passage of 80 mm and more and heat carrier temperature 120 ° C;

On oil-produced;

On pipelines from deaerators to the nutritional pump;

On pipelines of all diameters with a heat-locker temperature of 120 ° C with fittings having electrical drives.

When developing projects of exhaust devices from safety valves, special devices for reducing noise are being studied.

6.21. For turbine oil coolers, the oil cooling system is used, eliminating oil from entering natural sources of water supply (rivers, reservoirs, etc.).

9.24. Premises of the central (main), block and group control panels, as well as room for computing equipment are performed with sound insulation and air conditioning. From the room of the shield there are two outputs.

The overlapping of the shield room must have waterproofing.

The height of the central part of the room (custody, the BSO, SHU and SOLO) in which the operational contour is located, is taken 4 m.

The interior of the shield is performed on a special project.

In the event of a relay or other equipment of the control system outside the HOSE in separate isolated rooms, the latter are performed ventilated.

Near the premises of the block shield of the control are provided for rooms for duty staff of the shop and bathroom.

There are three strategic methods for protection against hazards at work:

It is the spatial or temporal separation of the noxosphere (a space in which a potential danger with a high probability is possible) and the homosfer (the space in which a person is located, for example, a workplace).

Ð ensuring the safe state of the environment surrounding the person. At the same time, blocking, fencing separating hazardous mechanisms from humans, ventilation and air conditioning of the working area and others are widely used tools for collective protection (SCZ), for example, protective screens on noise distribution paths, etc.

Ð adaptation of a person to the knocksosphere, that is, the strengthening of the protective properties of a person. To solve this problem, use personal protective equipment (PPE), which makes it possible to lower in the depths of the sea, go beyond the limits of the space station, to withstand 500 ° C during fire, etc. Along with the PPE, methods that provide adaptation of a person to a production environment, for example, are used Training to work safe techniques, instruction, etc.

The principles of safety of labor are conditionally divided into four classes:

Ø orienting

Ø technical,

Ø managerial

Ø organizational.

Orienting principles define the direction of searching for safe solutions. At the same time, the systemism is used in the approach to solving problems, the principle of the possibility of replacing a person in the danger zone by industrial robots, the principle of collecting information about the object and classification dangers, rationing principle (norm aboutcreation, noise).

A group of technical principles includes:

Ø protection distance and time;

Ø Hazard shielding;

Ø weak link (fuses, valves);

Ø Locking, etc.

The organizational is the principles:

Ø incompatibility (for example, storage rules of chemicals);

Ø compensation (providing benefits to persons working in hazardous areas);

Ø normalization, etc.

The management group includes principles:

Ø planning (planning of preventive and other events);

Ø feedback, selection of personnel, stimulation;

Ø control and responsibility.

Security tools are divided into two groups:

Ø collective protection;

Ø Individual protection means.

Basic protective equipmentdivided into:

 feet

 stationary (non-removable);

 mobile (removable);

 Portable (temporary)

Currently, the role of automatic security tools is increasing, for example, to prevent fires, observations of water quality, etc.

1. Safety:

the presence of a weak link (fuse in a fuse);

2. Locking:

 mechanical;

 electrical;

 photoelectric;

 radiation;

 hydraulic;

 pneumatic;

 pneumatic

3. Signaling:

 for appointment (operational, preventive, identification means);

 by the method of transmission of information

 light;

 sound;

 Combined

4. Remote control protection

 visual;

 remote

6. Special protection means that protect ventilation systems, heating, lighting in hazardous equipment areas.

Security requirements should be taken into account at all stages of creative activities:

 scientific intent

 Research work (NIR),

 Experienced work (OCD),

 project creation,

 project implementation,

 tests

 production,

 exploitation

 upgrades,

 conservation,

 liquidation

 and burial.

Different means of management of safety in production. These include:

" upbringing a culture of safe behavior;

» Training of the population;

» Application of technical and organizational assets of collective protection;

» Application of individual protective equipment;

» Using the system of benefits and compensation, etc.

Ecobiractic technique- devices, devices and systems intended to prevent air pollution, water purity protection, soils, to protect against noise, electromagnetic pollution and radioactive waste. If, with the improvement of technical systems, it is not possible to ensure the maximum permissible impact on the person of harmful factors in the zone of its stay, it is necessary to use eobioprotective techniques:

ü  dust collectors;

ü  water treatment devices;

ü  screens;

ü  fencing;

ü  protective boxes

ü  sanitary protective zones;

ü  low-waste and waste-free technologies;

ü  Selection and application of individual and collective remedies.

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the use of eobiractor equipment

1 - devices included in the source of exposure to VF; 2 - devices installed between the source of the VF and the area of \u200b\u200bactivity; 3 - devices to protect the activity zone; 4 - personal protective equipment.

In cases where the possibilities of ecobiractic equipment for collective use are limited and do not provide MPC, removal of harmful factors in the area of \u200b\u200bpeople's stay, use personal protective equipment.

Classification and basics of ecobiractic equipment.Means of collective protection of harmful factors working from the action must meet the following requirements:

Be strong enough, simple in manufacturing and application;

Eliminate the possibility of injury;

Do not interfere with work maintenancerepair;

Have reliable fixation in a given position.

Classification of eobiractor equipment:

Ministry of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I argue:

Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR

I.S. Sugustry

Norma

Technological design of thermal electric stations

in coordination with the USSR State Building, Letter No. AB-3430-20 / 4 dated 29.06.81.

Moscow, 1981

The norms are considered, approved by the Scientific and Technical Council of the USSR Ministry of Energy and agreed with the USSR state system No. AB-3430-20 / 4 of June 29, 1981 and are mandatory for the technological design of thermal electrical stations.

1. General part

1.1. These norms are required when designing all newly built steam turbine thermal power plants with turbo units with a capacity of 50 thousand kW and higher with the initial parameters of steam in turbines up to 24 MPa (240 kgf / cm 2) and 510-560 ° C. .

Norms also apply to expandable reconstructed steam turbine power plants and gas turbine installations with appropriate adjustments caused by existing technological schemes, equipment layouts, buildings and structures.

Note : These standards do not apply to the design of atomic, diesel and geothermal power plants.

When designing, the current regulatory documents should be guided, the list of which is given in the application to these standards.

These norms are an outflowing document in the design of power plants.

1.2. The complex of buildings and structures of thermal power plants includes:

a) buildings and facilities of the production destination (the main building with smoke trumpets, the facilities of the electrical part, technical water supply, toplovopodachi and gas-building);

b) the subsidiary production buildings and structures (unitely rolled corps, warehouses, launchers, administrative and household building, repair shops, oilshower);

c) Pumping buildings and structures (des. Dor. Station, garage, factories on the collection and cleaning of waste, grilled and fecal waters, out-of-wear structures, roads, fertilization and landscaping, the construction of civil defense, temporary structures).

1.3. The design of thermal electric stations should be carried out at a high scientific and technical level, with the use of progressive highly economical equipment.

1.4. The main technical solutions should be made with regard to: ensuring the reliability of the equipment; maximum savings of initial investment and operational costs; reduced metal consumption; increase productivity in construction, operation and repair; Conservation of nature, as well as the creation of normal sanioro-domestic conditions for operational and repair personnel.

Source-planning and design solutions of newly constructed, rashized and reconstructed TPPs should be taken in accordance with SNiP.

Projects should take into account the possibility of maximizing wastewater production waste, discharge heat and ashlakov in the national economy of the country.

In the projects of power plants, sections of the organization and repair organizations are being developed. The sections are developed in accordance: Operating with the "Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants and networks", and on repairs with "instructions for designing an organization and mechanization of equipment, buildings and structures on thermal power plants" .

1.5. Layout technological equipment It should provide normal conditions for maintenance and repair of equipment at its high mechanization with minimal use of manual labor.

1.6. For power plants built in areas with the calculated temperature of the outer air for heating minus 20 ° C. And above, it is allowed to design the main buildings of power plants with an open boiler room, as well as with a semi-open installation of peak water heating boilers operating on solid fuel.

The semi-open installation of hot water boilers on gaseous and liquid fuels is used in areas with the calculated temperature of the outdoor air for heating minus 25 ° C. and higher.

1.7. Service and auxiliary premises with a permanent stay in them should be located in places separated from the existing equipment with walls. Inside the premises are prohibited to lay the technological pipelines, with the exception of pipelines of heating, water pipelines, ventilation and pipelines necessary for the technology of work carried out.

It is prohibited to place the office and auxiliary premises below the OTM. 0.0 m, in the zone of flange connections of pipelines and reinforcement under excess pressure ambient, under the bunkers of coal, dust, ash, rechargeable, rig foods of the boobugregates, on the facilities of the technological equipment.

When operating and auxiliary premises are located near the potential trauma, two exits from opposite sides should be provided.

Auxiliary premises should be placed in places with the smallest effects of noise, vibration and other harmful factors, if possible, in places with natural lighting.

The levels of harmful factors indoors should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bestablished by the relevant scientific and technical documents:

microclimate - GOST 12.1.05-76 "SSBT. Air of the working area. General sanitary and hygienic requirements." GOST 12.1.007-76 "SSBT. Harmful substances. Classification General safety requirements";

noise - GOST 12.1.003-76 "SSBT. General security requirements";

vibration - GOST 12.1.012-78 "SSBT. Vibration. General security requirements."

Lights in auxiliary premises must meet the requirements of SNiP II. -4-79. "Natural and artificial lighting".

1.8. Hot gas gas pipelines to TPPs, including those passing through the territory of the power plant to the valve at entering the hydraulic power plant, are not included in the facilities of the power plant and belong to the main gas networks.

2. Nature security

2.1. Protection of land

2.1.1. The choice of a platform for the construction of a power plant should be carried out in compliance with the "Fundamentals of the Land Law of the SSR and Union Republic" Legislative Acts on the Protection of Nature and the Use of Natural Resources, Norms and Rules of Construction Design, is linked to the regional planning scheme or the General Schedule of Industrial Node.

2.1.2. When developing projects of power plants follows:

Use, as a rule, land of non-agricultural purposes and low product;

Provide for the removal and storage of the fertile layer of the soil (on the lands of temporary and permanent removal) in order to apply it to the recultivable (restored) land and unsuitable land;

Provide compensation for the existed agricultural land;

When weeping land plots Temporary use should include a subsequent reclamation of these areas.

2.1.3. The area of \u200b\u200ballocated land plots for the construction of a power plant facilities should be used rationally and determined by the following conditions:

Optimal blocking production buildings and structures;

Placement of subsidiary services and utility products in high-rise buildings;

Compliance with the regulatory density of the development in accordance with the requirements of the head of the SNIP;

Taking into account the required reserve of space for expanding power plants in accordance with the task of design and with the relevant feasibility study;

The definition of the area of \u200b\u200bzero-shine, taking into account the use of ash and slag in the national economy.

2.1.4. Lands should be discharged, taking into account the actual need for construction objects. Temporarily assigned land for career, dumps of soil, etc. After all necessary work For reclamation, land users should be returned.

2.1.5. As part of the power plant project, there should be a section on the recultivation of land allocated to temporary use, and the improvement of unproductive land, as compensation for the agricultural land. Reclamation projects are carried out with attraction design organizations Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, the USSR Gosplashoz and the USSR Ministry of Actuary. Improvement projects of low productive land should be carried out with the involvement of project institutions for land management (hyproxams) of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture.

2.1.6. When placing power plants in developed power systems should be considered in projects the possibility of refusing to build or reducing the volume of construction at the site of the power plant of the central repair workshop, material warehouses and the repair and construction workshop for TPPs, referring to centralize the needs of the power plant.

2.1.7. When designing a power plant, it should be considered the possibility of using existing construction bases and integumenting sites near the USSR Ministry of Energy.

2.1.8. Accessories I. car roads, as well as external engineering communications, heat lines, power lines and communication lines, applying and discharge channels of technical water supply, etc., if they coincide in the direction, should, as a rule, place in one lane, and whether to trace them, Not disturbing the existing borders of agricultural land and fields of crop rotation.

2.1.9. The ashons should be designed to be designed to be conservation or reclamation after filling them with asseal to the design height.

2.2. Guarding the air pool

2.2.1. In the projects of thermal power plants, measures must be provided for the decrease in the concentration of harmful substances and dust in the surface layer of atmospheric air, up to magnitude not exceeding the permissible PDC sanitary standards).

This condition should be ensured taking into account the operation of the power plant at its finite power, as well as taking into account the fund created by other sources of the atmosphere pollution.

The calculation of the concentration is carried out at the mode of operation of the power plant on its full electrical and thermal load corresponding to the average temperature of the coldest month.

When calculating for the summer mode of the power plant in cases of installation on it, three and more turbines takes into account the stop of one of them for repairs.

2.3. Protection of the water basin

2.3.1. To protect the water basin from pollution with various industrial wastewater, appropriate treatment facilities must be provided, ensuring compliance with the sanitary standards of the USSR Ministry of Health.

2.3.2. The selection of the method and processing scheme of industrial wastewater is performed depending on the specific conditions of the designated station: power and equipment installed. Mode of operation, type of fuel, method of goszectochilding, cooling systems, water treatment systems, local climatic, hydrogeological and other factors with relevant technical and economic calculations.

Wastewater discharge in reservoirs should be designed to comply with the "rules for protecting surface water from wastewater pollution" and in the prescribed manner to be coordinated with the authorities to regulate the use and protection of water, state sanitary surveillance, for the protection of fish stocks and the regulation of fish farming and other interested bodies.

2.3.3. Designing reservoir-coolers, zolotochetilles of slocotels, evaporator ponds, water treatment, etc. It should be carried out taking into account the development of integrated measures to protect surface and groundwater from pollution by wastewater.

When developing events, it is necessary to consider:

The possibility of reducing the amount of contaminated industrial wastewater by applying the power plant of perfect equipment and rational circuit solutions in the technological process;

The use of partially or fully revolving water supply systems, reuses spent in one technological process of water on other installations;

The possibility of using existing, designed sewage treatment plants industrial enterprises and settlements or the construction of common facilities with proportional equity participation;

The project shall be excluded filtering from gastrointed storages of contaminated waters into the ground stream.

3. General Plan and Transportation

3.1. General plan

3.1.1. The area or construction point of the thermal power plant is determined by the scheme of development of power systems or the heat supply scheme of the area. The choice of platform for construction, as well as the definition of the main characteristics of the power plant, is made on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of competing options performed in accordance with the requirements "of project development instructions and estimates for industrial construction", as well as relevant chapters construction norms and rules.

3.1.2. The platform for the construction of the power plant should, if possible, satisfy the following conditions:

The soils, the foundation platform, must allow the construction of buildings and structures, as well as the installation of heavy equipment without a device for expensive bases;

The groundwater level should be lower than the depth of the attachment of buildings and underground engineering communications;

The surface of the site should be relatively smooth with a slope providing surface drainage;

When the orientation of the direct-flow scheme of technical water supply, the pad should be placed in water bodies and rivers on the coastal unlotted flood waters of the territories, taking into account the lowest height of the cooling water lifting;

For thermal power plants, the site should be as close as possible to heat consumers.

3.1.3. Planning solutions In placement of places of power plants, including housing, should take into account the predominant direction of winds, as well as the existing and promising residential and industrial development.

3.1.4. The layout of the Master Plan of the construction site should be solved taking into account the approach of iron and roads, the conclusions of the LEP and other communications on the most rational scheme in conjunction with the Term Development of the District, taking into account the architectural requirements and requirements for the probe area.

3.1.5. The master plan for the power plant is carried out with regard to:

Development of power plant for complete power;

The optimal technological dependence of the subsidiary and production support services relative to the main production in compliance with the necessary sanitary, fire and other rules governing the distance between buildings, structures and engineering communications;

The location of railway stations and fuel warehouses, as a rule, outside the fence of the industrial site (when the fuel warehouse is located, a pedestrian bridge (tunnel) should be provided for the transition of personnel and communication of communications);

Architectural design of the site of the main entrance to the power plant free from the development of temporary buildings and structures.

Buildings and facilities, and if necessary, around them, there is a highway for the passage of fire trucks.

3.1.6. The construction and assembly base, as a rule, should be placed on the side of the temporary end of the main building. A set of temporary buildings and structures should provide for their maximum blocking, as well as the use of fixed-purpose power plants as possible. Installation platforms should be placed not further than 100m from the temporary end of the main body of the full power.

When building in one area of \u200b\u200bseveral power plants, the location of their common construction, installation and repair area production components (RPKB), the base of power plants and the village is determined by the regional planning scheme.

Construction, assembly and repair base are made of minimal sizes with rational blocking of industrial and auxiliary buildings, taking into account their further use.

3.1.7. The choice of the mark of the main building should be carried out on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options for the present costs, taking into account the capital expenditures for the construction and operating costs for the rise of cooling water.

3.1.8. To ensure surface drainage, as a rule, apply open system by device of cuvettes, trays and canvas. Application closed system The drainage must be justified.

3.2. Transportation

3.2.1. The choice of the type of passenger transport must be determined on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.2. The choice of the type of transport for the external and internal transport of goods of power plants (railway, conveyor, automotive, water, pipeline, etc.), as well as the type of rolling stock with railway or road supply of fuel should be carried out on the basis of technical and economic comparisons of options.

3.2.3. For passenger traffic during periods of construction and operation, the most effective types of transport should be applied, ensuring the smallest time spent for the movement of workers between seats and work.

3.2.4. For power plants placed in an industrial area or under industrial enterprises, railway transport is linked to the General Development Scheme of the Railway Transport of the Industrial Knot.

3.2.5. Cooperation should be provided with neighboring enterprises and MPS for the construction and operation of the combined railway stations, driveways, common equipment and locomotive-car depots.

3.2.6. All objects of railway transport should be design for the full development of power plants with the allocation of work in construction queues.

3.2.7. The structure of the access railway tracks for gas-containing power plants during the admission of fuel oil on pipelines or water transport should be determined by the maximum amount of freight transport during periods of construction and installation of the power plant.

3.2.8. The useful lengths of receiving and sending paths at the stations of the adjoining and railway stations of power stations are taken, as a rule, at the calculation of the installation of the routes of the promising weight rate of the train.

In some cases, with the relevant justification and coordination with the management railway At the railway stations of the power plants, it is allowed to reduce the useful lengths of the paths, but subject to the reception of the route not more than two or three feeds.

3.2.9. The number of paths at the railway station of the power plant is determined by the number of incoming routes per day, taking into account the coefficient of non-uniformity of trains movement 1.2.

Admission to the power plant of other economic and construction goods is taken into account with the coefficient of the uneven movement of trains 1.5.

3.2.10. When determining the number of routes, the daily fuel consumption is made based on the 24-hour operation of all installed boilers at their nominal performance.

3.2.11. For the needs of the construction, the permanent railway tracks should be maximized.

The permanent entries of the railway tracks into the turbine and the boiler room are envisaged only from the temporary end of the main building. From the permanent end of the main building and along the front of the transformer installation, transformer rolling paths are provided. For the CHP, a device of transformers rolling paths from the temporary end is allowed.

3.2.12. For the mouth of the wagons on the car supplies, electric holders should be applied, or, with appropriate justifications, electric locomotives with remote control.

Special maneuver devices should be applied to the yasels.

Paths of the slope and rolling cars must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of safety.

3.2.13. All cars entering the power plant with solid and liquid fuel should be weighed, while the scales should be used, allowing weighing the wagons on the go without stopping the composition.

The weight of the liquid fuel entering the railway tanks is periodically determined by weighing or measuring.

3.2.14. For manowver work on the paths of the power plant, diesel locomotives or electric locomotives should be applied.

At power plants, with the impossibility of cooperation with other enterprises, it is envisaged to the construction of an eciprot repair unit for locomotives and mechanisms of a coal warehouse, or a locomotive depot for gas-containing stations. In cases of acquisitions, the locomotive and wagon depot should be provided for the Park Pockery Power Plant.

At the TPP railway station, a service and technical building should be provided, a clause-maintenance point of wagons, in the necessary cases of electrical centralization or shooting posts.

Refueling bugs of wagons with lubricant and the production of racking wagons should be made on sending clauses of the TPP railway station, for which the lubricant should be provided, racks for storing spare parts, the asphalting of the track along the repair paths for the extension of the spare parts with the corresponding increase in the distance between the paths.

If necessary, sending routes must be equipped with automotive test devices.

Catching car repair should be made on a special railway track.

Railroad tracks of the station, the route of maintenance of rolling stock, passenger platforms and moving should be covered in accordance with the requirements of the MPS norms.

3.2.15. In the case of the delivery of fuel routes directly by the Locomotives of the MPS, the drive railway routes of the power plant, adjacent to electrified highways, should also be electrified.

With the electrification of railway tracks of the power plants, it is necessary to use the possibility of connecting to the traction substations of the MPS, blocking traction substations with general industrial transformer substations, as well as blocking duty points and workshops of the contact network with locomotive-carriage depots or check-in wagons.

It should also be checked the possibility of using the overload ability of existing traction transformers and rectifier units of the MPS.

3.2.16. Selecting the SCB system of the railway station (electrical centralization, the key dependence of the arrows and signals or another system) is determined by the technical and economic calculation.

Major arrows should be left on hand-held by a manowner brigade.

3.2.17. Railway tracks and arrows associated with the work of the car stroke should be equipped with electrical centralization.

The arrow translations that determine the output of the electric carrier for the wagon's mouth should be controlled only by the railway station with the obligatory control of the position of the electrical holder.

3.2.18. Unloading and discharging devices must be equipped with automatic exit and entry light and sound alarm.

3.2.19. Automobile roads are designed for the complete development of the power plant. The design of road clothing and the width of the roadway road is selected in accordance with the SNiP, based on the size of the movement and types of cars both during the construction period and during operation.

3.2.20. When choosing the direction of external automotive expensive, the prospects for the development of the district and the most efficient combination of the designed road with the network of existing and projected communication paths are taken into account. The routes and the basic parameters of the automotive designed road are chosen on the basis of a technical and economic comparison of options.

3.2.21. The main automotive entrance, connecting the platform of the power plant with the external network of roads, is designed for two lanes with an improved overhaul coating and, as a rule, should be approached by the permanent end of the main building.

3.2.22. External automobile roads for servicing water intake and wastewatering structures, operators, articulating, zolotocipers, open discharge and supply channels should be designed for one lane with an improved lightweight type coating or transient types of coatings.

Acid roads to fuel warehouses should be provided with an improved lightweight coating.

3.2.23. On the area at the main entrance to the power plant envisaged platforms for parking public transport, as well as personal cars, motorcycles, scooters, and bicycles. The size of the platforms (their capacity) is determined depending on the number of operational personnel.

4. Fuel and oil economy

4.1. Unloading, feeding and storing solid fuel

4.1.1. The daily fuel consumption is determined on the basis of 24 hours of operation of all energy boilers at their nominal performance. Fuel consumption by water boilers is determined based on 24 hours of operation when coating thermal loads at an average temperature of the cold month.

4.1.2. The hour performance of each thread of fuel feeds is determined by the daily flow rate of the power plant, based on 24 hours of operation of the fuel feed with a reserve of 10%.

For power plants with a capacity of 4000 MW and higher or at fuel consumption of more than 2000 t / h, the fuel feed is performed with two independent leads to the main case.

4.1.3. When performing fuel feeds 100 t / h or more, for unloading ZH. D. Wagons with coal and shale are used car pipelines.

4.1.4. When performing fuel feeds from 100 to 400 t / h, one car pipeline is installed, from 400 to 1000 t / h - two car pipelines.

The number of carriagers for power plants with fuel-feeding capacity over 1000 t / h is determined, based on 12 tipping into the hour of weighted average carrying carriages, in which the fuel is supplied to these power plants plus one backup car pipeline.

4.1.5. When installing two car strokes and more in stock, an unloading overpass is 60 m long, designed to unload defective wagons.

4.1.6. For power plants operating on the milling peat, the type of discharge device (plug-in, trench with multi-volume overloads, etc.) is determined in each case, taking into account the flow of peat and the type of wagons.

4.1.7. For power plants, the performance of fuel feeds less than 100 t / h, as a rule, applied product unloading devices.

4.1.8. When providing the supply of power plants with dry non-commercial coal or milling peat, fuel delivery can be carried out in self-discharged wagons equipped with remote control of opening and closing the hatches. In this case, the car pipelines are not installed.

4.1.9. To unload the sludge is used by ZH.D. The overpass in the fuel warehouse, next to which the slope should be provided to store the slope.

4.1.10. When delivering a defrosting devices to the power plant of the fatigue fuel. In the absence of a car pump in addition to the defrosting device, a mechanization of fuel unloading is provided. The capacity of the defrosting device should be determined by taking into account the heating time of wagons, the daily fuel consumption and linked to the lengths of the slope of the slope and the incoming fuel routes.

4.1.11. In unloading devices for crushing on lattices of fatigue and large-rod fuel, including milling peat, the installation of special crushing machines is provided. Lattices over the bunkers of car pipeline should have cells of no more than 350x350 mm, expanding downwards. In other cases, the sizes of cells over bunkers are accepted in accordance with the requirements of safety regulations.

With the corresponding justification, the dimensions of the lattices are allowed under the car pipeline with a cell of more than 350x350 mm; At the same time, in addition to crushing machines, additionally crushers of coarse crushing should be provided.

4.1.12. Fuel supply to the boiler room is carried out, as a rule, a two-dimensional system of belt conveyors designed for three-chaired work, of which one thread is backup; At the same time, the possibility of simultaneous work of both threads of the system should be provided. The supply of fuel to the warehouse is carried out by a single-handed system.

4.1.13. The supply of fuel from each car pipeline is carried out by one tape conveyor with a capacity of equal performance of the car pipeline pipeline.

4.1.14. When installing one car surveyor, the performance of each thread of the fuel supply system into the boiler room is taken equal to 50% of the performance of the car pipeline.

4.1.15. In the tract of fuel feeds of power plants operating on all types of solid fuel, including the milling peat, the hammer crushers of fine crushing, which ensure the grinding of the fuel to the size of 25 mm are installed. When working at peat and other small fuel (0 - 25 mm), it is possible to supply fuel in addition to crushers.

The performance of all established crushers of fine crushing should be no less than the performance of all the focus of the fuel supplies into the boiler room.

With a technical substantiation, the productivity of crushers is selected taking into account the details of the trivia using the screen.

4.1.16. In the tract of fuel supplies on the conveyors for trapping from metal coal, it is installed:

In the patch assembly - suspension self-discharge electromagnetic metal detergent and metal detector;

In front of hammer crushers - suspended self-discharge electromagnetic metal detergent and metal detector, and after hammer crushers, pulley and suspended electromagnetic metal separators.

It does not mean cheap to buy and sell expensive. It is rather, it means to buy raw materials, at similar prices and contact them with perhaps insignificant additional costs in a benign product ...

Henry Ford

ALL DOCUMENTS -->27 Energy and Heat Engineering -->27.100 power plant in general

VNTP 81. Norms of technological design of thermal electric stations

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