Only the lazy did not scold the Khrushchev five-story buildings: they say, they are cold and cramped, and burst at the seams. But everything is learned by comparison. By today's standards, they just fit into the category of comfort-class housing.

The urban planning policy in relation to the Khrushchev five-story buildings has been constantly changing in our century: the authorities either carry out exemplary modernization of the Khrushchev buildings, then, declaring them morally and physically worn out, decide to let them go en masse for demolition. Meanwhile, the main problem of the houses of the first mass series is not at all dilapidation (they have survived no better and no worse than others), but in the fact that, according to the authorities, the five-storey building has a low density and occupies territories that are too attractive by location.

Therefore, despite all the "horror stories" about the dilapidation and accident rate of Khrushchev houses, the apartments in them are in stable demand and are by no means the most affordable housing. According to BN, average price an ordinary one-room apartment without pronounced defects in a panel five-story building fluctuates near the psychological mark of 3 million rubles. Below this value, at 2.8-2.9 million rubles, are estimated "odnushki" on the first and last floors, as well as windows on busy highways (which is a rarity in Khrushchev's buildings). Suburban Khrushchevs located in "inconvenience" or at a considerable distance from the main transport hubs sometimes offer at record low prices - from 2.2 million rubles. But these prices are the exception rather than the rule.

What is the reason for the consumer interest in apartments in panel houses the first mass series? Are they really morally and physically obsolete?

Plus for minus

Half a century ago, a joke appeared that Khrushchev combined a bathroom with a toilet, but could not combine the floor with the ceiling: fellow citizens, sharp-tongued, ridiculed the new standards of economical mass housing - 2.5 m ceilings and combined bathrooms. But unlike today's designers, the ideologists of mass housing construction of the late 1950s did not think of coming up with studio apartments, combining showers with hallways, and rooms with kitchens. Thus, the layouts set by the standards of half a century ago, in fact, turned out to be quite humane. And this is the first argument for the buyer of an apartment in Khrushchev.

The second is that for half a century the Khrushchevs have shown themselves to be extremely reliable and unpretentious in the operation of the house. They do not have overlaps that have sagged, as in the old fund. And due to their design features, the five-story panel buildings with welded joints turned out to be exceptionally strong buildings: in particular, on the basis of the Leningrad five-story buildings, already in the 1970s, they developed and built houses for earthquake-prone regions of the former USSR.

And finally, everyone, and not only real estate agents, knows that the liquidity of real estate is determined by three characteristics: place, place and again place. With the growth of megacities, the main areas of Khrushchev's development turned from urban outskirts into habitable and lush green areas with developed transport and social infrastructure.

Potential buyers are also well aware of the disadvantages of five-story buildings of the first mass series. They do not have an elevator or garbage chute. Due to the lack of an attic, apartments on the upper floors tend to get hot in the summer and cold out in the winter. The first floor is also not very comfortable because of the dampness in the basement (therefore, "extreme" apartments are always significantly cheaper).

Refusal of excesses

The history of mass panel housing construction began in 1955, when the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction," separate apartment. The basis for the design of Khrushchevs was laid by the building standards of 1957, which provided for a height of living quarters from floor to ceiling of 2.5 m, miniature (from 4.5 sq. M.), Kitchens, and also allowed the device of adjoining rooms and combined bathrooms. The pantry (or built-in wardrobe), bedrooms (6 sq. M. For one person, 8 sq. M. For two), a common room (not less than 14 sq. M.) Were called as mandatory elements of the apartment.

The most common series of panel Khrushchevs of the first mass series are 1-507 / 1-504, 1-335, GI, OD. But not all Khrushchevs are exactly large-panel houses. There are also "brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527). The basis for the design of second-generation panel houses, the so-called brezhnevkas, which replaced the Khrushchevs, were laid by the building standards of 1963, which increased the minimum kitchen area from 4.5 to 9 square meters. m and did not allow the device of combined bathrooms. Meanwhile, really new norms, suggesting the construction of "houses with improved layouts" began to be introduced only in 1965, and in parallel, up to the beginning of the 1970s, five-story panel houses of the first generation continued to be built.

Coldest and warmest

Khrushchevs are considered the coldest housing. But not all. "Brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527), in principle, are not inferior in terms of thermophysical properties to "Stalinist" houses. Series 1-507 with an outer wall thickness of 40 cm is also not the worst option in this respect. Heat loss record holders are houses of the GI, OD and 1-335 series. Moreover, the most problematic are corner and three-sided apartments of the end sections, as well as apartments located on the fifth floors.
Some owners of such apartments try to insulate them from the inside, creating a "layer cake" of mineral wool boards and drywall on a wooden frame. Alas, this is ineffective. Thermal insulation of external walls, especially of apartments located in the end sections, is a serious problem. Only rational decision problems - modern windows with double-glazed windows and claims against representatives of operating organizations, whose tasks include repairing facades and updating interpanel joints.

Unlike the houses of the later series, during the early "Khrushchevism" there was still no tendency to lay linoleum directly on a concrete base. As a rule, the houses of the first mass series have parquet or plank floors laid on logs made of planks or beams. This design creates quite acceptable interfloor sound insulation, but since construction, as a rule, was carried out in an emergency mode, the space between the floor logs was often filled with sand.

Hence - the indestructible dust and the eternally "walking" floors. At overhaul Such an apartment with replacement of floors has to clean up a lot of garbage with "artifacts" from the times of shock construction projects - empty bottles and cans.

Prolonged probationary period

St. Petersburg Khrushchev buildings have been in operation for nearly sixty years. Therefore, for the blackened facades with crumbling facing tiles, blown interpanel joints and shabby porches, one should thank not the builders, but representatives of repair and maintenance organizations who have been mercilessly exploiting these houses for half a century, forgetting about repairs.

Meanwhile, due to their compactness, Khrushchevs are extremely maintainable, and their modernization can solve all problems, except for the lack of square meters. At the beginning of this century, targeted programs for the reorganization of urban five-story buildings appeared, involving the insulation of facades and the replacement of communications, allowing to extend the life of the Khrushchevs for an unlimited period. A typical project providing for modernization without resettlement was developed by the State Unitary Enterprise “UKS Restoration”. The recommended work included cosmetic repairs, insulation of outer walls, basement and under-roof ceilings, ventilation blocks, replacement of balcony doors and windows, and equipping with heat metering devices. However, by 2008, the renovation of the houses of the first mass series was curtailed: for the city budget, the costs turned out to be too high, and for investors - the kingdom is not enough, not to roam.

Therefore, it makes sense to be skeptical about the statements of builders that some houses are easier to demolish, and in their place to build new ones. It is, of course, more interesting for them to master funds on a grand scale. But it is not a fact that new construction technologies for the construction of economical housing, as well as economy-class houses that are being built today, will also successfully withstand a half-century trial period.

Five-story houses of the first mass series

Series 1-528KP ("brick Khrushchev")

The development of this series began even before the memorable Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction." Gable iron roofs, bay windows and 2.7 m ceilings are atypical for the Khrushchev period, which is why such houses are sometimes called late "Stalinist" buildings. Nevertheless, the massive volumes of construction, the standardization of all parameters, as well as the miserable layouts of apartments are given out in the five-story buildings of the 528th series of Khrushchevs. There are no "excesses" here: the area of apartments is only slightly higher than those indicated by the standards of 1957: kitchens - on average 5.2 sq. m, large rooms (in one-room apartments) and common rooms (in two-room apartments) - from 17 to 19 sq. m, bedrooms - 11.2 or 8.5 sq. m.

Series 1-507

The most massive, and, most likely, the most successful type of first-generation five-story buildings in St. Petersburg. Two experimental houses of the 507 series appeared in 1956, and after putting it on the assembly line in 1959, its modifications were built in almost all districts of the city until 1972. The number of entrances in such houses is from three to eight; there are four apartments on each floor. Of all the panel five-story buildings of the first generation, these houses are the warmest, and their sound insulation (primarily due to successful layouts) better than other similar houses. All apartments have built-in wardrobes, and in two- and three-room apartments they can be very spacious - up to 2.3 sq. m.

Series 1-335

Five-story buildings in this series are associated with Citizen and Malaya Okhta. The main site for testing this type of panel houses with external walls made of lightweight expanded clay concrete panels with a mineral wool insulation layer has become the Kalininsky District. They began to be produced in 1959 and were discontinued in 1966. In general, the layouts of such houses (four apartments per floor) are similar to those in the houses of the 507 series: exactly the same balconies, large storage rooms in distant adjacent rooms. But the combined bathrooms and miniature hallways made it possible to increase the area of the kitchens up to 7 sq. m.

OD series

On a massive scale, houses of the OD series were erected in the Nevsky District (there are more than two hundred of them). There is also a small area in Kupchino (in the quarters between Bukharestskaya Street and Volkovsky Prospekt), as well as in the Moskovsky District. In terms of planning features, these houses are a copy of the most massive and "exemplary" Moscow series K-7. Decent - in comparison with other Khrushchevs - layouts: separate bathrooms, not the smallest kitchens (about 7 square meters), spacious rooms of correct proportions from 11 to 18 square meters. m.

In terms of the quality of sound insulation and the level of heat loss, these houses are one of the most problematic: a layer of mineral wool insulation is provided in the external wall panels, which has become soaked and destroyed over many years of operation. A similar structure of the outer wall was declared insolvent shortly after the start of production, and the construction of houses of the OD series was stopped in 1966.

Another unpleasant feature of such houses is thin partitions inside the apartment (only 4 cm), on which it is impossible to hang wall cabinets.

GI series

The nomenclature of the series includes three modifications of five-story buildings. The outer walls in them are made of lightweight aerated concrete panels. A special feature is two apartments per floor. Because of this, one- and two-room apartments not provided in the basic project. But all three-, four- and five-room apartments are double-sided, and in the end sections there are three-sided ones.

Borrowings are clearly guessed in the layouts of such apartments; they resemble post-war European social housing: "halls" from 15 to 22 square meters. m, through which you can go into miniature kitchens, separated from the living rooms by an opening without a door, tiny bedrooms from 6 to 8 sq. m.

In addition to five-story buildings, the GI series includes several options for eight- and nine-story "point" houses. They "collected" one- and two-room apartments, which were "not given" to five-story buildings.

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GI- a series of mass-built housing in the USSR, developed at Lenproekt in the 1950s. They were built in Leningrad and Kolpino, Kingisepp, Vyborg, Priozersk and Pikalevo from 1959 to 1968, also in the village of Sverdlov and separate houses in Lomonosov, Lensovetovsky, Ust-Izhora, Koltushi, Nikolskoe, Lyuban and Pudomyagi (Gatchinsky district). They are located mainly in the Kirovsky (1420 thousand sq. M.), Moskovsky (268 thousand sq. M.) And Krasnoselsky (138 thousand sq. M.) Districts of St. Petersburg. For 2011, the housing stock of this series totals more than 2 million square meters. meters total area... The manufacturer of these houses was Avtovsky DSK (DSK-3), specially built for the manufacture of such houses. During production, asbestos was added to the slabs.

Until 1961, houses were made from large blocks (G-1I and G-3I). The houses were then assembled from large panels.

The outer walls are made of lightweight aerated concrete elements. The walls were not decorated - color was added to the slabs during production. There are no balconies and window sills. Distinctive features of this series are the presence of only two apartments on the floor (only 10 apartments in the front door), as well as the absence of one-room and two-room options for apartments (only three-room 41 sq. M and four-room 49 sq. M). Kitchen apartments with an area of 5 sq. m, combined bathrooms - 2 sq. m. Ceiling height 2.5 m, and 2.3 m in the bathroom. One-room and two-room apartments appeared only in later "towers".

Three-room apartment in Soviet times and it was called: "fifteen-nine-six" - these numbers indicated the area of the rooms. And everyone who was engaged in exchanges in those years perfectly understood what type of houses and what kind of apartments they were talking about. A four-room apartment differed from a three-room one only by the presence of one more room - 8 sq. m.

Accommodation in these houses is one of the most inexpensive and affordable in St. Petersburg.

In the 1990s - 2000s, the prospects for the reconstruction of houses of the GI series were discussed, but until now a unified approach has not been developed. In 1991, an experimental overhaul of the house was carried out on Novatorov Boulevard, 3, with redevelopment and the addition of a technical floor. In the early 2000s, several houses of the GI series in Dachnoye were demolished.

Modifications

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Excerpt from GI (series of houses)

- Yes, but, entre nous, [between us,] - said the princess, - this is a pretext, he actually came to Count Kirill Vladimirovich, having learned that he was so bad.
“However, ma chere, this is a glorious thing,” said the count, and, noticing that the older guest was not listening to him, he turned to the young ladies. - A good figure was at the quarter, I imagine.
And he, imagining how the quarterly waved his hands, again burst out laughing with a sonorous and bass laugh that shook his entire full body, like people who always ate well, and especially drank, laugh. “So please dine with us,” he said.

There was a silence. The countess looked at her visitor, smiling pleasantly, however, she did not hide the fact that she would not be upset now in the least if the guest got up and left. The guest's daughter was already straightening her dress, looking inquiringly at her mother, when suddenly from the next room I heard several male and female legs running to the door, the rumble of a hooked and knocked down chair, and a thirteen-year-old girl ran into the room, wrapping something in her short muslin skirt, and stopped in the middle rooms. Obviously, she had accidentally jumped so far from an uncalculated run. At the same moment a student with a crimson collar, a guard officer, a fifteen-year-old girl, and a fat ruddy boy in a children's jacket appeared at the door.
The count jumped up and, swaying, spread his arms wide around the fleeing girl.
- Ah, here she is! He cried laughing. - The birthday girl! Ma chere, birthday girl!
- Ma chere, il y a un temps pour tout, [Honey, there is time for everything,] - said the Countess, pretending to be strict. “You spoil her all, Elie,” she added to her husband.
- Bonjour, ma chere, je vous felicite, [Hello, my dear, I congratulate you,] - said the guest. - Quelle delicuse enfant! [What a lovely child!] She added, turning to her mother.
A black-eyed, big-mouthed, ugly, but lively girl, with her childish open shoulders, who, shrinking, moved in their bodice from a fast run, with their black curls knotted back, thin bare arms and small legs in lace pantaloons and open shoes, was at that sweet age when a girl is no longer a child, and a child is not a girl. Turning away from her father, she ran to her mother and, not paying any attention to her stern remark, hid her flushed face in the laces of her mother's mantilla and laughed. She was laughing at something, talking abruptly about the doll she took out from under her skirt.
- See? ... Doll ... Mimi ... See.
And Natasha could no longer speak (everything seemed funny to her). She fell on her mother and laughed so loudly and loudly that everyone, even the prim guest, laughed against her will.
- Well, go, go with your freak! - said the mother, feigning angrily pushing her daughter away. “This is my little one,” she said to the guest.
Natasha, tearing her face away from her mother's lace kerchief for a moment, looked at her from below through tears of laughter and again hid her face.
The guest, forced to admire the family scene, found it necessary to take some part in it.
- Tell me, my dear, - she said, turning to Natasha, - how do you have this Mimi? Daughter, right?
Natasha did not like the tone of condescension before the childish conversation with which the guest turned to her. She said nothing and looked at her visitor seriously.
Meanwhile, all this young generation: Boris is an officer, the son of Princess Anna Mikhailovna, Nikolai is a student, the eldest son of the count, Sonya is the fifteen-year-old niece of the count, and little Petrusha is the youngest son, they all settled in the living room and, apparently, tried to keep within the bounds of decency animation and gaiety, with which every feature still breathed. It was evident that there, in the back rooms, from where they all came running so swiftly, they had more cheerful conversations than here about city gossip, the weather and comtesse Apraksine. [about Countess Apraksina.] From time to time they glanced at each other and could hardly restrain themselves from laughing.
Two young men, a student and an officer, friends from childhood, were of the same age and both beautiful, but not alike. Boris was a tall, blond youth with regular, delicate features, a calm and handsome face; Nikolai was a short, curly-haired young man with an open expression on his face. Black hair was already showing on his upper lip, and impetuosity and enthusiasm were expressed in his entire face.
Nikolai blushed as soon as he entered the living room. It was evident that he was looking for and could not find what to say; Boris, on the other hand, immediately found himself and told calmly, jokingly, how he knew this Mimi doll as a young girl with an unspoiled nose, how at the age of five she had grown old in his memory, and how her head had cracked all over her skull. Having said this, he glanced at Natasha. Natasha turned away from him, looked at her younger brother, who, closing his eyes, was shaking with soundless laughter, and, unable to hold on any longer, jumped and ran out of the room as quickly as her fast legs could carry. Boris did not laugh.
- You, it seems, also wanted to go, maman? Do you need a carriage? -. He said, with a smile, addressing the mother.
“Yes, go, go, tell me to cook,” she said, pouring out.
Boris went quietly through the doors and followed Natasha, the fat boy ran after them angrily, as if annoyed at the frustration that had occurred in his studies.

Of the young people, not counting the countess's eldest daughter (who was four years older than her sister and was already behaving like a big girl) and the young lady's guests, Nikolai and Sonya's niece remained in the living room. Sonya was a slender, petite brunette with a soft gaze shaded by long eyelashes, a thick black braid that twisted around her head twice, and a yellowish tint of skin on her face, and especially on her naked, thin, but graceful muscular arms and neck. With the smoothness of movements, the softness and flexibility of small members and a somewhat cunning and restrained manner, she resembled a beautiful, but not yet formed kitten, which would be a lovely kitty. She apparently considered it decent to show sympathy for the general conversation with a smile; but against her will, her eyes from under long thick eyelashes looked at the cousin [cousin] who was leaving for the army with such girlish passionate adoration that her smile could not fool anyone for a moment, and it was evident that the kitty sat down only to it is more energetic to jump and play with your sauce, as soon as they, like Boris and Natasha, get out of this living room.

Selected (current) region - St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) city

GI type series

GI is a series of mass-built housing in the USSR, developed at Lenproekt in the 1950s. They were built in Leningrad and Kolpino, Kingisepp, Vyborg, Priozersk and Pikalevo from 1959 to 1968, also in the village named after Sverdlov and separate houses in the village of Lensovetovsky, Ust-Izhora, Koltushi, Nikolskoye, Lyuban and the village. Pudomyagi (Gatchinsky district). They are located mainly in the Kirovsky (1420 thousand sq. M.), Moskovsky (268 thousand sq. M.) And Krasnoselsky (138 thousand sq. M.) Districts of St. Petersburg. For 2011, the housing stock of this series totals more than 2 million square meters. meters of the total area. The manufacturer of these houses was Avtovsky DSK, specially built for the manufacture of such houses. During production, asbestos was added to the slabs.

Until 1961, houses were made from large blocks (G-1I and G-3I).

The houses were then assembled from large panels. The outer walls are made of lightweight aerated concrete elements. The walls were not decorated - color was added to the slabs during production. There are no balconies and window sills. Distinctive features of this series are the presence of only two apartments on the floor (a total of 10 apartments in the front door), as well as the absence of one-room and two-room options for apartments (only three-room 41 sq. M and four-room 49 sq. M). Kitchen apartments with an area of 5 sq. m, combined bathrooms - 2 sq. m. Ceiling height 2.5 m, and 2.3 m in the bathroom. One-room and two-room apartments appeared only in later "towers".

A three-room apartment, in Soviet times, it was called: "fifteen-nine-six" - these numbers indicated the area of the rooms. And everyone who was engaged in exchanges in those years perfectly understood what type of houses and what kind of apartments they were talking about. A four-room apartment differed from a three-room one only by the presence of one more room - 8 sq. m.

Accommodation in these houses is one of the most inexpensive and affordable in St. Petersburg.

Modifications

G-1I... The series was built only in a five-parade configuration. The end windows of the houses are close to each other. The first house in the series: Avtovskaya street, 34.
- 5 floors, 5 front doors and 50 aerated concrete block apartments (until 1961).
G-2I... The series was built in five- and seven-parade configurations. The end windows, like those of the G-1I, are close to each other, but the outer front windows are larger in size than the average ones.
- 5 floors, 5 front doors and 50 aerated concrete panel apartments.
G-3I... The series was built only in a seven-parade configuration, the end windows of the houses are farther from each other than in the G-2I, and all the front windows are approximately the same in size.
- 5 floors, 7 front doors and 70 aerated concrete block apartments (until 1961).
- 5 floors, 7 front doors and 70 aerated concrete panel apartments.
G-3MI... The house stood on an additional foundation and there are shops on the ground floor of this 6-storey building. There are only six such houses in Leningrad, all opposite each other on Krasnoputilovskaya Street.
- 6 floors, 7 front doors and 70 apartments with a first non-residential floor made of aerated concrete panels.
G-4P... This is a panel point six-storey modification of the GI series with one entrance ("tower" type). Ladder without natural light, she has no windows.
- 6 floors and 36 apartments.
G-4I... Eight-story version.
- 8 floors and 48 apartments.
G-5I... The nine-story version of the "tower" is the most common among them.
- 9 floors and 54 apartments.

List of houses of the series in the region of St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) city:

Chervonny Cossacks - 32, Novatorov - 3, Avtovskaya - 34, Novatorov - 86, Novatorov - 52, Marshal Zhukov - 60 building 1, Leni Golikov - 37 building 2, Dachny - 36 building 5, Dachny - 36 building 4 , Dachny - 36 building 3, Dachny - 36 building 2, Dachny - 36 building 1,

Apartments in Khrushchev's five-story buildings are almost always scolded, but they are in demand. Still, this is the cheapest type of urban housing. But different series of Khrushchevs differ both in safety margin and in consumer qualities.

The reason for the popularity of Khrushchev in the secondary housing market is not only relatively low prices. The main areas of Khrushchev's buildings have long since turned from the outskirts into infrastructurally developed middle districts, which have schools, kindergartens, and often a metro station within walking distance. The main arguments of opponents of the five-story buildings of the 1960s are the modest areas of apartments, walls that do not warm up and worn out communications.

We figured out what a potential buyer of a Khrushchev house needs to know together with experts from the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate.

Cons that turn into pros

Experts say that the low building density of the Khrushchev quarters is more likely a plus than a minus for their residents. “There are fewer difficulties with parking spaces, and also not as acute as in areas of active new construction, shortage of places in preschool and educational institutions", - notes the chairman of the board of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate Ekaterina Romanenko.

There are no elevators or garbage chutes in Khrushchevs. On the one hand, it is inconvenient, on the other hand, it is easier to maintain order, there is nothing to break and clog. Finally, five floors of lightweight panels are a relatively low load on building base... Therefore, if such a building is maintained in proper technical condition, it should serve for many decades without problems.

EXPERT OPINION

Dmitry Schegelsky, President of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate, general manager real estate agency "BENOIS":

There is a deficit in panel five-story buildings. But some - and sometimes offer for sale at prices of "odnushki" in fresher houses, and often it is this circumstance that becomes decisive for the buyer. Redecoration allows you to radically refresh the Khrushchev apartment, but the question remains: how long will the house itself last. And here everything is ambiguous. Five-story buildings in different districts look almost the same, but they differ in design features: some are really almost unrepairable, others are better preserved than many newer buildings.

Where is this series, where is this house?

In St. Petersburg, several modifications of the brick series 528 are widespread, as well as five mass series of panel Khrushchevs (we will name them below). But in the southern and northern regions, different series of panels dominate. This is due to the proximity to the building site of one or another house-building plant, each of which put on the conveyor one or another development of architects and designers.

But not all the experiments of the designers of that period have stood the test of time. Therefore, we can say with a high degree of confidence that the southern regions of St. Petersburg are the territory of relatively good Khrushchev houses. At the same time, the islets of the earliest and most problematic are concentrated in the northern and eastern regions.

This is how the five-story buildings of the 507th and 504th series look like (outwardly, they almost do not differ). This is one of the most successful types of panel Khrushchev

In particular, the most unsuccessful from a constructive point of view are the houses of the OD series (the main location area is the Nevsky District), the construction of which was carried out from 1959 to 1963. The problem here is not even that the lightweight outer walls made of expanded clay concrete with a layer of mineral wool do not heat, but in the use of the so-called frameless structure. The safety factor is ensured exclusively by the transverse load-bearing walls and welded joints. In case of corrosion and wear of the latter, buildings become unrepairable.

A similar structure (incomplete frame, lightweight outer walls with a layer of mineral wool) have early 335 series houses, which, since 1959, were built mainly in the Kalininsky district. By 1965, the series had been modified with a full-frame design. But until the discontinuation of production in 1968, the developers did not manage to solve the problem of thin and heat-resistant external walls.

Better five-story buildings of the 507th and 504th series were built from 1960 to the early 1970s in all urban areas. But in the Moscow and Frunzensky districts, this is the main series of Khrushchevs. Their safety margin is higher than that of OD (primarily due to the longitudinal arrangement of the bearing walls), and massive external walls made of slag or expanded clay concrete panels keep heat relatively well (of course, compared to the series mentioned above).

The houses of the GI and A series are considered a kind of visiting card of the southwestern territories (Kirovsky and Krasnoselsky districts). They were built from 1959 to 1968 and are noticeably different from other Khrushchevs both in the layouts of apartments (we will talk about them below) and in design. The main difference is the light external walls made of hinged aerated concrete half-panels. This is a weak point: the facades of most buildings look unpresentable and require repair and additional insulation. At the same time, the houses themselves are quite strong: the base of the supporting frame here is made up of transverse walls made of aerated concrete blocks, which, among other things, provide relatively good sound insulation between apartments.

Series 1-502B (in everyday life the 502nd series) is no longer quite a Khrushchev, some realtors call them five-story brezhnevkas. These are really houses of the next generation, which began to be built in 1964, after the discontinuation of production of the OD and 335 series, and both in the northern and southern residential areas.

The so-called brick Khrushchevs (early 528 series houses from two to five floors) were built in different areas. In terms of basic planning parameters, they are close to the panels of the 507 series, but even short review options here require a separate publication.

Three for the price of one

The layouts of apartments in panel Khrushchev houses of the main series are, in principle, similar. The ceiling height is 2.5 m, while in brick - from 2.5 to 2.7 m.But it makes sense for potential buyers to take into account two more figures - 2.6 and 3.2 m.This is a step set by the standards of that period cross walls. It is this moment that determines the main proportions of Khrushchev's apartments: they do not have spacious kitchens, and the living rooms are narrow and elongated.

Two-room apartments in the vast majority of panel Khrushchev houses (for example, in the 335th and 507th series) are usually one-sided, with adjoining rooms. A typical "treshka" has a common passage room, which is adjoined by a bedroom as narrow as a carriage.

Aerated concrete Khrushchev of the GI series. The main arrays of such houses are located in the southwestern districts of St. Petersburg. In such houses, only multi-room apartments are offered.

True, the five-story buildings of the GI and A series in terms of layouts are radically different from all other Khrushchev buildings. There are no “odnushkas” and “kopecks” in them - it is useless to search, there are only three-, four- and even five-room apartments. Such houses are suppliers to the secondary housing market for the cheapest "three rubles", which at prices are comparable to one-room apartments... However, in terms of area, they are also not far from the latter: only 42-44 sq. m (rooms - 6, 9 and 15 sq. m).

What else to pay attention to

The main disadvantages of all series of Khrushchevs are poor sound and heat insulation. In winter, apartments located at the ends of the sections are most susceptible to freezing. Early Khrushchevs have an unventilated roof, combined with an attic ceiling, which also does not keep heat. For residents of the upper floors, this is an even more serious source of discomfort than the lack of an elevator.

The five-story buildings of the second generation (from about the mid-1960s) have a semblance of an attic, and this problem is not so acute for their inhabitants. The roof can be repaired, and the facades can be insulated during scheduled overhaul. At the same time, builders have not yet come up with radical methods of treatment for dilapidated structures of the "incomplete frame" type.

EXPERT OPINION

Nikolai Lavrov, Vice President of the St. Petersburg Chamber of Real Estate:

If you are going to buy an apartment in Khrushchev, it is advisable to collect as much information as possible about the house and surrounding areas from open sources. If you do not have the desire or opportunity to conduct independent research, find a decent realtor who values his reputation, is ready to work in your interests, and at least save you from purchasing substandard products with disguised defects at the price of a quality product.

One more important point: Nowadays, buyers of apartments in five-story buildings should hardly count on profitable resettlement and demolition within the framework of renovation programs. Information about the year of construction and the type of any building, as well as what types of work related to the overhaul common property(facades, roofs, communications, etc.) are planned for each house for the coming years, can be found on the official website of the Housing Committee of the Administration of St. Petersburg. But it should be borne in mind that in this source only types are indicated (for example, panel Khrushchev, brick Khrushchev, etc.), but not specific series of houses.

Source bn.ru

Text by Philip Urban

photo Alexandronok

When it comes to typical houses built of panels or bricks, it seems to an untrained person that they are all the same. But with a detailed study of the issue, one can not only learn to distinguish between houses of the 137 and 602 series, but also trace the development of design ideas, which has gone from the creation of pre-fabricated analogues of spacious "stalinkas" with similar areas and ceiling heights, through the most cramped and extremely cheap "Khrushchev houses", to modern standard projects that are in no way inferior to their competitors made according to individual projects.

Panel "stalinka" 1-506 ... The houses were built on Okhta, Kantemirovskaya Street and one on Petrogradka (the only panel house in the Petrogradsky District).

Panel GI... Houses of this series were built from 1959 to 1968. The outer walls are made of lightweight aerated concrete panels. The walls were not decorated with anything - just painted slabs. There are no balconies. The cocoon has special boxes for growing flowers - so that the house does not look completely empty.

Panel GI point. In contrast to the multi-entrance version, the GI series dot house contains 1- and 2-room apartments. Above there is a skylight to illuminate the entrance.

Panel OD... It is completely identical to the K-7 series being built in Moscow and other cities of the Soviet Union. There is also a hostel.

Panel 1-335 ... For appearance 1-335 are characterized by wide windows of apartments (double-leaf ones look square and on average 10 cm wider than other "Khrushchevs" of that period), elongated windows on the stairwells, almost the entire height of the panel. End walls without balconies, composed of 4 panels, two panels with windows in the center or at the edges. The largest number of houses of this series was built precisely in St. Petersburg where they were produced by Polyustrovsky DSK - 289 buildings, a total of 1442 sections in the Krasnogvardeisky and Kalininsky districts of the city.

Panel 1-LG-502... The material of the panels is the same expanded clay concrete as in the 1-335 series. The main development area is the Nevsky and Frunzensky districts. In terms of heat loss, houses of the OD series "compete" only with 1-335. Moreover, they often lose even to them. There are also cramped combined bathrooms with an area of about 2 sq. m, 5-meter kitchens.

Panel 1-507 series. These five-story buildings were assembled from lightweight expanded clay concrete with mineral wool insulation.

Panel 1-507 series, modification in 7 floors. Equipped with lifts and waste chutes.

Panel 1-LG-504... Further development of the 507 series, produced at the same Kuznetsovsky DSK. Early houses in terms of comfort and area of apartments differed little from the previous "Khrushchevs", but the later 504D2, which grew up to 10 floors, had spacious rooms and a kitchen with two windows. They were built both in St. Petersburg and in the suburbs.

Panel 1-LG-504, 12 floors. These houses have a smoke-free staircase with common transitional balconies, and on the first floor there can be both apartments and shops.

Panel 1-LG-600"Ship". The construction of houses of the 600th series was carried out by Avtovsky DSK according to the Polish project revised by LenNIIproekt from 1967 to 1982 in Leningrad and its suburbs. There are 5, 9, 12 and 15-storey (the last - only point) houses in this series.

Panel 1-LG-600U... Notable for the increased area of kitchens in 3-room apartments. As a rule, 15-storey buildings were built with multiple entrances.

Panel 600.11. Further development of the legendary "ship". Initially, they had L-shaped kitchen windows (for installing window air conditioners in Baku), in the late 90s they began to install windows of a traditional shape.

Panel 1-LG-602... this is one of the most famous and massive series of houses in Leningrad. Such houses were built from 1966 to 1982. The first house of this series is located at 39 Prazhskaya Uditsa. The houses were built by Nevsky, Obukhovsky (DSK-2) and Polyustrovsky (DSK-1) house-building factories.

Panel 1-LG-606 early. The construction of panel houses of the 606th series was carried out according to the project of "LenNIIproekt" Nevsky DSK-6. Apartments in the houses of the series have parquet floors in the rooms and separate bathrooms. The area of the rooms is 8-18 sq. meters.

Panel 1-LG-606M... Built from 1971 to 1989.

Panel 1-LG-606M 14-storey with 9-storey side sections.

Panel BS... Built exclusively in the area of the Primorskaya metro station in 1967-1970. The first block-section houses of 9-12-16 floors with a more progressive layout and a unified staircase and elevator node - the same LLU was used for buildings of different storeys. In 9 and 12-storey blocks, they differ only in the presence of a cargo-passenger elevator in the 12-storey version. Many of the techniques worked out here were further developed in the first version of the 137 series.

Panel 137 series. The first house was built in Kupchino in 1973 from components produced by DSK-2. After the house spread throughout all the outskirts of Leningrad. It is still under construction in a modified form (for example, the Novaya Okhta district).

Panel 137 with aerated concrete outer panels.

Panel 137 series built in the 90s and 2000s.

Panel 121 ... It was built mainly in the Leningrad region. in Petersburg in Soviet years only a few houses were built in Krasnogvardeisky and Vyborgsky districts, all of them were 12-storey.

Panel 121 modern. A series of panel houses is being built for a long time, a modification developed by the Gatchinsky DSK based on the 121 series, buildings are found in new residential areas of St. Petersburg. Apartments have good layouts, large areas... The materials meet the most modern requirements, including heat and sound insulation. Kitchen area in 121 series from 12 to 14 sq.m.

Panel 90LO-M... The development of the regional series 90LO, not represented in St. Petersburg, is carried out by the Kirishsky DSK.

Panel. Optima is a trademark of the Gatchinsky SSK.

Panel 1-464A... All-Union and very widespread in the Leningrad region series. It was not built in St. Petersburg.

Panel KPD-4570. A series of 5-storey military buildings under construction throughout the USSR.

Panel P-101... Number of storeys - 5-9-10 floors, apartments - 1,2,3-room. Years of construction - 1980s-1990s. The projects were developed by the 53rd Central Design Institute of the Ministry of Defense and were built throughout the USSR.