How to find the percentage of the amount of the formula. How to subtract percentages from a number: three effective ways

Every person in his life almost daily encounters the concept of interest. And this applies not only to obtaining a percentage value from one number, but also to solving the problem of how to calculate the percentage of the sum of numbers. IN Everyday life and in everyday life, many do not pay attention to this, nevertheless, all these calculations are embedded in us from the school bench.

What is a percentage

As for the concept of interest, it can be explained in the most in a simple way, without going into the basics of mathematical calculations. In fact, the percentage is some part of something else. It does not matter in which indicator the correspondence of the percentage with respect to the main source source will be expressed. The main thing is to understand that such a representation can be in the form of a percentage (%) itself or in the form of a fraction, which ultimately determines the ratio of the percentage to the original version.

Using interest in practice

How to calculate interest, each of us knows from the school mathematics course. In everyday life, we are faced with percentages almost every minute. Any housewife, when preparing a dish, uses a recipe in which exactly the percentage is presented. The simplest example: we take half a glass of milk ... This is the mathematical interpretation of what a certain part is in relation to the whole.

The basis of absolutely all calculations is considered to be 100 percent (100%) or one (1) if the calculation will be made using fractions. From this they are repelled when calculating any component from the initial indicator.

The same applies to the question of how to calculate the percentage of the amount, when the initial (100 percent) indicator is not one number, but several. There can be quite a lot of calculation options here. Let's consider the most basic ones.

Calculating Percentage by Proportion

Now we will not take into account the calculation of percentages using the same tables. office programs such as Excel, which do this automatically when you set the appropriate formula.

In some cases, a calculator is used, on which you can set the calculation of such actions. But it's not about that now.

Consider the most common calculation methods familiar to us from the school mathematics course.

The simplest and most common way is to solve the proportion.

IN this case the initial number is given as 100 percent (say, some arbitrary number "a"), and its part (say, "b") - as an unknown "x". In math it looks like this:

a = 100%;

Based on the rules of proportion, you can calculate the unknown number x. For this, the so-called cross method is used. In other words, you need to multiply b by 100 and divide by a. Exactly the same rule applies if, in the case of drawing up a proportion, swap b and x in places when the percentage is known, but you need to calculate the part in numerical terms.

Fast Interest Calculation

Of course, calculating percentages with proportion is fundamental. However, with the use of fractional numbers, this procedure is simplified to the point of impossibility. What is 50%, really? Half. That is, 1/2 or 0.5 (based on the initial number 1). Now it’s clear: to calculate half, you need to multiply the desired number either by 1/2, or by 0.5, or divide by 2. This method, however, is only suitable for numbers that are divisible without a remainder.

In the case of a remainder or infinite signs in a period after a decimal point like 0.33333333 ... it is better to use fractional expressions like 1/3. By the way, it is fractions (irrational in some cases) that reflect the number itself with all accuracy, because periodic digits after the decimal point, no matter how you ask, still will not give a whole number. And so the same one-third clearly and clearly expresses the very essence.

In the same recipes, of course, a third can be determined, so to speak, by eye. But in chemical processes, especially those associated with a fine dosage of components, say, in pharmaceuticals, this method will not work. You can't rely on your eyes here. It is necessary to use exact ratios of ingredients, even if one of the indicators is in the form of a number with a digit in the period or is represented as the same irrational fraction. But, as a rule, for example, when weighing, such numbers can be limited after the decimal point to ten thousandths or a maximum of one hundred thousandths.

How to calculate the percentage of the amount

Very often one has to deal with several desired numbers or their sum. The question of how to calculate the percentage of the amount is solved as simply as in the case of using one initial number. The only thing to consider in this case is the usual representation of the amount as a single value.

For example, we have two numbers, a and b, and the initial indicator is the number d. In this case, the proportion will look like this:

d = 100%;

(a + b) = x.

Note that the sum (a + b) can still be represented as a single number. Let it be z. In the case when we set the formula a + b = z, the proportion takes on a completely standard form:

d = 100%;

As you can see, there is nothing complicated about this.

There is another option, when the sum (a + b) = 100%, and d = x.

Here the solution looks like this:

(d x 100)/(a + b) or (d/(a + b)) + 100/(a + b).

As already clear, the principle of a common denominator for fractions is used here.

If we add a and b, the sum of which is equal to z, then the proportion again returns to the standard form:

z = 100%;

The same applies in reverse.

Mathematical explanation

From the point of view of mathematics and its foundations, solving the problem of how to calculate the percentage of the amount comes down only to applying the simplest rules for opening brackets when multiplying the amount by a single number and finding a common denominator, which, in general, is it. In other words, you can represent it in a formula expression like this:

a x (b + c) = ab + ac,

where ab and ac are the products of the terms in brackets (b and c) and the number (coefficient) before the brackets a.

Actually, the same method works in proportion. Let's say we have some number z, which is 100%, and the sum of numbers a and b. The percentage to be calculated is denoted by the unknown number y. In this case, the proportion takes the form:

z = 100%;

(a + b) = y.

Hence the simple solution:

((a + b) x 100%)/z = ((a x 100%) + (b x 100%))/z

Actions are taken in parentheses to emphasize that the multiplication operations are performed first, and the addition of products is performed second. The same action is performed if the sum of the numbers is initially 100%.

back calculation

Very often, in the question of how to calculate the percentage of the amount, an unambiguous reverse translation also arises. In practice, this is due, say, to the reverse calculation of a quarter. Everyone knows that this figure is 25% of the initial number. Let, for example, the price of the goods was increased by 25%, which amounted to 25 rubles. You need to find how much this product began to cost. Now let's try to figure out how to calculate not the original number, knowing the percentage value, but the entire amount that should be obtained in the end. It would seem that the solution is simple:

25 = 25% (1/4 or 0.25);

x = 100%.

No, absolutely wrong. So you can get only the original number, excluding 25%. To calculate the entire amount, taking into account 25%, you need to use the formula:

25 = 25%;

x = 100% + 25%.

Or 100/0.8, which would give a value of 125 (100 + 25), since 100% plus 25% in the unit expression is the number 1.25 (one plus a quarter), and in reverse (1/x) is exactly 0.8. After doing the calculations, we get that x \u003d 125.

Conclusion

As you can see, there is nothing particularly complicated in how to calculate the percentage of the amount. True, in the school curriculum, for some reason, the reverse translation is often omitted. Then many accountants working on reports with the payment of the same VAT very often have problems.

So just follow the basic rules for calculating percentages, and the problems will disappear by themselves.

On the other hand, for convenience, both proportions and the use of fractions can be applied equally. In the first case, we have, so to speak, a classic version, and in the second - a simple and universal solution. Again, it is better to use it in the case of division without a remainder. But when calculating the most popular proportions such as half, quarter, third, etc., this method is very convenient.

Back calculations, as can be seen from the above examples, are also not something complicated. The main thing to consider inverse coefficient when calculating the desired number. I think everything is in place now. As they say, simple math.

One percent is a hundredth of a number. This concept is used when it is necessary to designate the ratio of a share to a whole. In addition, several values can be compared as percentages, while necessarily indicating which integer the percentages are calculated relative to. For example, expenses are 10% higher than income or the price of train tickets has increased by 15% compared to the fares of the previous year. A percentage above 100 means that the proportion is greater than the whole, as is often the case in statistical calculations.

Percentage as financial concept- payment, the borrower to the lender for the provision of money for temporary use. In business, there is an expression "to work for interest." In this case, it is understood that the amount of remuneration depends on profit or turnover (commission). It is impossible to do without calculating interest in accounting, business, banking. To simplify the calculations, an online percentage calculator has been developed.

The calculator allows you to calculate:

Percentage of the set value.
Percentage of the amount (tax on actual salary).
Percentage of the difference (VAT from ).
And much more...

When solving problems on a percentage calculator, you need to operate with three values, one of which is unknown (a variable is calculated according to the given parameters). The calculation scenario should be selected based on the specified conditions.

Calculation examples

1. Calculate the percentage of a number

To find a number that is 25% of 1,000 rubles, you need:

1,000 × 25 / 100 = 250 rubles
Or 1,000 × 0.25 = 250 rubles.

To calculate on a regular calculator, you need to multiply 1,000 by 25 and press the% button.

2. Definition of an integer (100%)

We know that 250 rubles. is 25% of some number. How to calculate it?

Let's make a simple proportion:

250 rub. - 25%
Y rub. - 100 %
Y \u003d 250 × 100 / 25 \u003d 1,000 rubles.

3. Percentage between two numbers

Suppose a profit of 800 rubles was supposed, but they received 1,040 rubles. What is the overage percentage?

The proportion will be:

800 rub. - 100 %
RUB 1,040 – Y%
Y = 1040 × 100 / 800 = 130%

Overfulfillment of the plan for profit - 30%, that is, implementation - 130%.

4. Calculation not from 100%

For example, a store with three departments is visited by 100% of customers. In the grocery department - 800 people (67%), in the department of household chemicals - 55. What percentage of buyers come to the department of household chemicals?

Proportion:

800 visitors - 67%
55 visitors - Y %
Y = 55 × 67 / 800 = 4.6%

5. What percentage is one number less than another

The price of the goods fell from 2,000 to 1,200 rubles. By what percent did the commodity become cheaper, or by what percentage is 1,200 less than 2,000?

2 000 - 100 %
1 200 – Y%
Y = 1200 × 100 / 2000 = 60% (60% to 1200 of 2000)
100% − 60% = 40% (number 1200 is 40% less than 2000)

6. By what percentage is one number greater than another

Salary increased from 5,000 to 7,500 rubles. By what percent did the salary increase? How many percent is 7,500 more than 5,000?

5 000 rub. - 100 %
7 500 rub. - Y%
Y = 7,500 × 100 / 5,000 = 150% (in the figure 7,500 is 150% of 5,000)
150% - 100% = 50% (the number 7,500 is 50% greater than 5,000)

7. Increase the number by a certain percentage

The price of goods S is higher than 1,000 rubles. by 27%. What is the price of the item?

1 000 rub. - 100 %
S - 100% + 27%
S \u003d 1,000 × (100 + 27) / 100 \u003d 1,270 rubles.

The online calculator makes calculations much easier: you need to select the type of calculation, enter a number and a percentage (in the case of a calculation percentage- the second number), indicate the accuracy of the calculation and give a command to start actions.

How to find percentage of a number? How to calculate the percentage of the amount?

To find, for example, 5% of the number 123, you need to multiply 5 by 123 and divide by 100.

How to calculate body fat percentage?

There are many methods for determining the amount of fat in the human body. For these purposes, there are online diet percentage calculators that calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). To implement this method, which determines the percentage of fat in the body of a woman or a man, body parameters are needed, such as height, weight and circumference.

Percentage formula

Interest calculator by deposit. Deposits - profitable storage of cash savings. To increase your liquidity and multiply money turnover banks attract legal and individuals so that they put their money savings in a deposit account. And since at the moment there are a huge number of banks, considerable competition is being formed, in which each bank tries to attract customers by various methods. Some banking institutions offer a higher interest rate, others - monthly payment percent, and the third - the possibility of replenishment. Given these manipulations, deposits can be classified into several types:

term deposits;
demand deposits;
savings deposits.

Term deposits - Deposit interest calculator

Term deposit in a bank means bank deposit, designed on fixed time, for example, for 1 year. Having put savings on such a deposit, the owner will not be able to partially or completely withdraw them in his personal account. Of course, you can close a term deposit, but this will violate the terms of the agreement, because of which the bank will charge penalties. They may consist in not accruing interest on the deposit or in accruing interest at the lowest rate. Also, in some banking institutions, in order to pick up the deposit ahead of schedule, you must wait a certain period. For example, after writing an application for closing a deposit, the client will be able to pick it up only after a week. In most cases, term deposits cannot be replenished either. Concerning interest rates, in this case they are maximum.

Demand deposits - interest calculator

Keeping cash savings on a demand deposit is advantageous in that they can be replenished and withdrawn at any time (in whole or in part). Sometimes such a deposit is also called a deposit with free use. According to it, banks charge more low interest, because in this case they cannot fully dispose of the invested amount of money.

savings deposits.

Savings deposits are those offered by the bank Banking services, implying the opening of a deposit for a specified period with the possibility of replenishment. Due to the possibility of replenishing the invested cash savings, the owner personal account will be able to save and increase personal funds.

Before investing savings, you need to carefully familiarize yourself with what banking services banks offer. Calculate the amount on the deposit interest calculator on the deposit. And only after that, choosing the most profitable terms, you can open a deposit agreement.

How to calculate the percentage of the amount, you need to know in many cases (when calculating the state duty, credit, etc.). We will tell you how to calculate the percentage of the amount using a calculator, proportions and known ratios.

How to find out the percentage of the amount in the general case?

After that, there are two options:

If you need to find out what percentage is another amount from the original, you just need to divide it by the amount of 1% received earlier.
If you need the size of the amount, which is, say, 27.5% of the original, you need to multiply the size of 1% by the required percentage.

How to calculate a percentage from an amount using a proportion?

But you can do it differently. To do this, you will have to use the knowledge of the method of proportions, which take place as part of the school mathematics course. It will look like this.

Let us have A - the main amount equal to 100%, and B - the amount, the ratio of which to A as a percentage we need to know. Write down the proportion:

(X in this case is the number of percent).

According to the rules for calculating proportions, we get the following formula:

X \u003d 100 * B / A

If you need to find out how much the amount B will be with the already known number of percent of the amount A, the formula will look different:

B \u003d 100 * X / A

Now it remains to substitute the known numbers into the formula - and you can calculate.

How to calculate the percentage of the amount using known ratios?

Finally, there is an easier way. To do this, just remember that 1% in the form of a decimal fraction is 0.01. Accordingly, 20% is 0.2; 48% - 0.48; 37.5% is 0.375, etc. It is enough to multiply the original amount by the corresponding number - and the result will mean the amount of interest.

In addition, sometimes you can use simple fractions. For example, 10% is 0.1, that is, 1/10, therefore, finding out how much 10% will be is simple: you just need to divide the original amount by 10.

Other examples of such relationships would be:

12.5% - 1/8, that is, you need to divide by 8;
20% - 1/5, that is, you need to divide by 5;
25% - 1/4, that is, divide by 4;
50% - 1/2, that is, you need to divide in half;
75% is 3/4, that is, you need to divide by 4 and multiply by 3.

True, not all simple fractions are convenient for calculating percentages. For example, 1/3 is close in size to 33%, but not exactly equal: 1/3 is 33.(3)% (that is, a fraction with infinite triples after the decimal point).

How to subtract a percentage from an amount without the help of a calculator

If you need to subtract an unknown number from an already known amount, which is a certain percentage, you can use the following methods:

Calculate an unknown number using one of the above methods, and then subtract it from the original.
Immediately calculate the remaining amount. To do this, subtract from 100% the number of percentages that need to be subtracted, and translate the result obtained from percentages into a number using any of the methods described above.

The second example is more convenient, so let's illustrate it. Let's say you need to find out how much will remain if 16% is subtracted from 4779. The calculation will be like this:

Subtract from 100 (total percent) 16. We get 84.
We consider how much it will be 84% of 4779. We get 4014.36.

How to calculate (subtract) the percentage from the amount with a calculator in hand

All of the above calculations are easier to do using a calculator. It can be either in the form of a separate device, or in the form special program on a computer, smartphone or regular mobile phone (even the oldest devices in use today usually have this feature). With their help, the question of how to calculate the percentage of the amount is solved very simply:

The initial amount is collected.
The "-" sign is pressed.
Enter the percentage to be subtracted.
The "%" sign is pressed.
The "=" sign is pressed.

As a result, the desired number is displayed on the screen.

How to subtract a percentage from the amount using an online calculator

Finally, now there are enough sites on the network where the online calculator function is implemented. In this case, you don’t even need to know how to calculate the percentage of the amount: all user operations come down to entering the required numbers in the boxes (or moving the sliders to get them), after which the result is immediately displayed on the screen.

This function is especially convenient for those who calculate not just an abstract percentage, but a specific size. tax deduction or the amount of the fee. The fact is that in this case the calculations are more complicated: it is required not only to find the percentages, but also to add the constant part of the amount to them. The online calculator allows you to avoid such additional calculations. The main thing is to choose a site that uses data that complies with the current law.

IN various types activity requires the ability to calculate percentages. Understand how they "get". Trade allowances, VAT, discounts, return on deposits, valuable papers and even tips - all this is calculated as some part of the whole.

Let's understand how to work with percentages in Excel. A program that performs calculations automatically and allows variations of the same formula.

Working with percentages in Excel

Calculating a percentage of a number, adding, subtracting interest on a modern calculator is not difficult. The main condition is that the corresponding icon (%) must be on the keyboard. And then - a matter of technique and attentiveness.

For example, 25 + 5%. To find the value of an expression, you need to type a given sequence of numbers and signs on the calculator. The result is 26.25. You don't need to be smart with this technique.

To create formulas in Excel, let's remember the school basics:

A percentage is a hundredth of a whole.

To find the percentage of a whole number, you need to divide the desired share by the whole number and multiply the total by 100.

Example. Brought 30 units of goods. On the first day, 5 units were sold. What percentage of the product was sold?

5 is a part. 30 is an integer. We substitute the data in the formula:

(5/30) * 100 = 16,7%

To add a percentage to a number in Excel (25 + 5%), you must first find 5% of 25. At school, they made up the proportion:

X \u003d (25 * 5) / 100 \u003d 1.25

After that, you can perform addition.

When basic computing skills are restored, it will not be difficult to figure out the formulas.

How to calculate percentage of a number in Excel

There are several ways.

We adapt the mathematical formula to the program: (part / whole) * 100.

Look carefully at the formula bar and the result. The result is correct. But we did not multiply by 100. Why?

IN Excel program cell format changes. For C1, we assigned the "Percentage" format. It involves multiplying the value by 100 and displaying it with a % sign. If necessary, you can set a certain number of digits after the decimal point.

Now let's calculate how much it will be 5% of 25. To do this, enter the calculation formula into the cell: \u003d (25 * 5) / 100. Result:

Or: =(25/100)*5. The result will be the same.

Let's solve the example in a different way, using the % sign on the keyboard:

Let's apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

The cost of the goods and the VAT rate (18%) are known. You need to calculate the amount of VAT.

Multiply the cost of the item by 18%. Let's "multiply" the formula to the entire column. To do this, click on the bottom right corner of the cell and drag it down.

The amount of VAT, the rate is known. Let's find the cost of the goods.

Calculation formula: =(B1*100)/18. Result:

The quantity of goods sold, individually and in total, is known. It is necessary to find the share of sales for each unit relative to the total.

The calculation formula remains the same: part / whole * 100. Only in this example, we will make the reference to the cell in the denominator of the fraction absolute. Use the $ sign before the row name and column name: $B$7.

How to add a percentage to a number

The problem is solved in two steps:

And here we have performed the actual addition. We omit the intermediate action. Initial data:

The VAT rate is 18%. We need to find the amount of VAT and add it to the price of the goods. Formula: price + (price * 18%).

Don't forget the brackets! With their help, we establish the order of calculation.

To subtract a percentage from a number in Excel, follow the same procedure. Only instead of addition, we perform subtraction.

How to calculate percentage difference in Excel?

How much the value has changed between two values as a percentage.

Let's abstract from Excel first. A month ago, tables were brought to the store at a price of 100 rubles per unit. Today the purchase price is 150 rubles.

Percent difference = (new data - old data) / old data * 100%.

In our example, the purchase price of a unit of goods increased by 50%.

Let's calculate the percentage difference between the data in the two columns:

Do not forget to set the "Percentage" cell format.

Calculate percentage change between lines:

The formula is: (next value - previous value) / previous value.

With this arrangement of data, we skip the first line!

If you need to compare data for all months with January, for example, use an absolute cell reference with the desired value ($ sign).

How to make a percentage chart

First option: make a column in the data table. Then use this data to build a chart. Select the cells with percentages and copy - click "Insert" - select the chart type - OK.

The second option is to format the data labels as a share. In May - 22 working shifts. You need to calculate in percentage: how much each worker worked. We compile a table where the first column is the number of working days, the second is the number of days off.

Let's make a pie chart. Select the data in two columns - copy - "Insert" - chart - type - OK. Then we insert the data. Click on them with the right mouse button - "Format Data Signatures".