Bricklaying of decorative elements. How to lay decorative bricks correctly? Architectural elements of masonry

The problem of interior decoration in the style of the Middle Ages or the desire to bring a particle of nature into the room can be solved by brickwork... Decorating the walls with such bricks will help create a unique and original look. An abundance of building materials and a variety of shades will allow you to embody various design variations.

The brick consists of cement mortar and gypsum. Thanks to the cement, this material is able to withstand high humidity. In this regard, decorative bricks can be used to decorate walls in a bathroom, toilet or kitchen. Brick imitating tiles weigh much less than real stone and are perfectly fixed with ordinary tile glue.

A large number of colors and shapes allows you not to limit your creative fantasies. It is only important to consider that decorating narrow rooms with bricks is not worth it, since decorative brickwork will visually make the room even narrower even with excellent lighting. If you want to decorate the entire wall or some element of the interior with decorative material, you need to take care of additional lighting. A low brightness and directionality of the light flux will contribute to the visual expansion of the space.

The following types of masonry are distinguished:

1. Gothic is an alternation of long and short edges in each row.
2. Silesian - alternation of 2 long and short edges with coincidence of vertical seams across the row.
3. Cross - alternation of long and short sides, the rows are shifted by half of the short edge.
4. Brandenburg - alternation of 2 long and short edges with an offset after each row by half of the short edge and strict coincidence every 2 rows.

Preparatory work

It is necessary to prepare for laying not only the tools with which they will work, but also the wall. To carry out the brickwork, you will need the following tools:

• adhesive composition;
• grouting agent;
• notched trowels to apply the adhesive mixture to the stone surface;
• grinder with a diamond disc;
• brush for applying primer;
• water-based varnish;
• pencil, tape measure, line for marking;
• building level and mixer.

Wall preparation begins with leveling. The surface should be as flat as possible in order to withstand the load that a heavy stone will exert on it. A small level of curvature is allowed due to the fact that the front part of the decor is not displayed in a clear edge. Alignment can be done in 2 ways:

1. Plastering is the most common method of creating a flat surface. If the laying of heavy natural stone is to be carried out, then the presence of a reinforcing construction mesh is mandatory. When laying a lighter imitation stone, the mesh can be omitted.
2. Plasterboard sheathing implies the use of sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm, fixed on at least 3 transverse lines. If the instructions for the adhesive composition do not indicate the possibility of attaching it to such a wall, then for safety reasons it is worth making the perforation of the drywall with a toothed roller.

After leveling, a deep penetration primer is applied to the wall. Having prepared the wall and the tool, they proceed to kneading the adhesive composition. You can fix the artificial decor using silicone, tile glue or liquid nails.

For better fixation, a solution of cement and sand is sometimes used with the addition of PVA or tile glue to increase the strength of the attachment.

The preparation of the glue is carried out depending on the instructions in the instructions.

Preparation of adhesive solution:

• take a bucket with the right amount of water;
• pour dry glue, mix the composition with a construction mixer;
• as a result, a homogeneous thick mixture is created, ready for application.

Preparing bricks for laying

To determine the place and method of laying bricks, initially it is worth sketching a small plan, which then needs to be worked out taking into account the size and characteristics of laying out the chosen decor. Builders practice 2 methods of laying decorative bricks:

• end-to-end;
• with the formation of a seam.

Almost all types of artificial material and some varieties of natural material have well-defined dimensions. When laying a decorative brick, it is necessary to observe the proportion, since it is difficult to cut or chip off a brick without the appearance of any defects, it is better to use a whole stone. To get a beautiful masonry, you need to use limiters where you need to make an even edge. For this purpose, profile corners are often used, they are fixed in advance on the surface of the wall.

Laying decor

Brick laying work involves following points:

1. The adhesive solution is applied with a trowel with a comb or trowel to the width of the initial row.
2. The utmost attention must be paid to laying the starting row, since the quality of further work will depend on it.


3. When laying by the end-to-end method, the elements of the brickwork are tightly applied to the wall with mortar, attached to the bottom row or profile and straightened.
4. You can create a seam during installation using drywall strips of various thicknesses. This will create the seams. different sizes... Instead of drywall, you can use plastic crosses. The tabs from the seams are removed after the adhesive solution has completely solidified.
5. By laying rows of artificial bricks with an offset, you can make the masonry more natural.
6. If there is a need to trim an element, then you need to use a grinder or a professional machine.

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A few days after the mortar has completely solidified, all additional elements are removed and the excess mortar protruding above the masonry is cleaned. After that, the seams are rubbed and filled. For a smoother layer, you can use a sponge or a special silicone grout applied with a dispenser gun. Having treated the entire surface of the structure with a protective primer, you can admire the result of the work done.

Decorative bricks are very popular in many houses and apartments. Decorative brickwork can not only attract attention, but also give the interior a special texture and style.

Decorative brick looks great in the loft and Gothic style. With the help of decorative brickwork, you can embody any unthinkable ideas. The materials of the bricks are so different that the laying depends solely on your desires and financial base.

Materials for making decorative bricks:

• porcelain stoneware;
• plaster for decorative bricks;
• ceramics.

Varieties of decorative bricks

Decorative bricks are in great demand in the aged form, in antique styles, etc.

Plaster brick in the house

Gypsum brick is an affordable, practical, durable and versatile material. It is made in any size and has a low price. You can make it yourself.

How to make a plaster brick

We have to:

• forms;
• gypsum hardener;
• mold lubricant;
• coloring pigments.

To prepare gypsum dough, you need to mix gypsum powder with water, following the instructions on the package. Add a coloring pigment to the solution to give it color. If you want a brick with stains, then you should not diligently mix the resulting mass. Pour the solution into molds and let it harden for about a day. Remove the brick from the mold using a rubber mallet.

Porcelain stoneware decorative brick

This brick material is characterized by great strength. This is due to the fact that in the manufacture of porcelain stoneware bricks they are subjected to double exposure to high temperatures.

Advantages:

• large range of colors;
• resistant to frost;
• withstands any temperature;
• decorative brick is easy to clean;
• moisture resistant;
• does not fade.

Also, the advantages of this brick include the fact that porcelain stoneware brick will serve you up to 40 years.
Basically, such a brick looks good in a dining room, bathroom and others. A novelty was to lay decorative bricks on the floor.

Ceramic decorative brick

Ceramic bricks are the founder of decorative bricks. It has been used for a long time for wall decoration and interior decoration. Outwardly, it looks like ceramic tiles, therefore it is used to decorate the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. It has a perfect and even surface, durable, does not deform, frost-resistant, strong and durable.

Types of surfaces of ceramic bricks:

• matte;
• concave;
• convex;
• glazed;
• embossed.

Such a brick will help to create a rich design and make any of your ideas or imaginations a reality.

Decorative brick laying

Decorative masonry surprises with its variety of colors, ideas and options. There are the following types of decorative masonry:

• real masonry;
• decorative masonry with facing stone;
• imitation brick tiles;
• wallpaper for decorative brickwork;
• decorative plaster.

It is better to create brickwork in the interior of light colors.

Real masonry

Real brickwork has appeared in our country since the time when people founded their homes in huge factory areas. Decorative bricks are laid on concrete in a standard way. Then it is washed, sanded and seams are rubbed. Finally, they are varnished.

Decorative masonry with facing bricks

Cladding brick is also called thin-walled. It is more suitable for interior design, because it consumes less space. The walls are laid with natural stone glue. Seams can be rubbed with tile grout.

Brick tile

Such decorative brickwork is very often confused with facing brickwork. It is also thin-walled and has another name "brick winner". Such tiles are laid on a flat surface using crosses and tile adhesive. Without knowing, it is very difficult to distinguish between tiles and decorative bricks.

Wallpaper for decorative brickwork

The most optimal and cheapest option, but no less beautiful. with different textures and colors will amazingly replace bricks. It is not so easy to find high-quality wallpaper with a brick pattern, this is a significant drawback of this method.

Decorative plaster for brick

To simulate decorative bricks, embossed plaster is used. She looks quite natural. This method is very interesting and stylish.

Decorative brick in the interior of an apartment or house

Bricks are great for creating an accent wall. The walls are laid behind a sofa, TV, bed or table. For the interior of the kitchen, you can use brick to decorate furniture, bar counter, hob or kitchen island. It is better to highlight a niche in the interior with wallpaper or tiles. Wall cladding near the window will surely become a worthy decoration of the house.

The most popular in interior decoration with decorative stone is the decorative masonry of arches, doorways, corners, columns and partitions. If you live in a house with a fireplace or, then you are very lucky. Your interior will be complemented by beautiful brickwork around it.

Try not to overdo it with a brutal finish. Combine it with well-placed furniture. Leather, bamboo, wooden and bright furniture will suit the interior decorated with bricks. Stylish drawings on the wall will add a bright palette of life to the interior of the rooms.

Decorative brickwork has a clear geometric pattern of seams. The most widespread masonry is with continuous or discontinuous vertical seams.

The technology for making decorative masonry does not differ from the technology of ordinary masonry, however, in addition to observing the dressing, ordering and vertical masonry, masons must correctly lay the bottom row and carefully monitor the horizontal, vertical and uniform thickness of the outer seams during the masonry process. Bricks facing the front plane must have smooth edges, a clean surface and the same color shade.

The front verst (with tied or not tied vertical seams) has a multi-row dressing system, the inner mile and zabutka are single-row.

At masonry wall corners with a thickness of two bricks(Fig. 63) the first row has outer and inner versts of butts. The front masonry masonry (with continuous vertical seams) begins with two halves, and with interrupted vertical seams - with two three-quarters laid with a spoon. The corner of the inner verst begins with the laying of two three-quarters. With interrupted vertical seams on the facade, the gaps in the backbone are filled with quarters. The second and fourth rows are the same: the outer and inner versts are made of spoons, the binding of the zabutka and the inner verst is ensured by laying three three-quarters; zabutku lead by jabs. The third row has an outer mile and a backbone from spoons, and an inner mile - from butts. For bandaging the inner verst and zabutka, three three-quarters are used. Compared to the row below, they are laid in the direction of the longitudinal or transverse wall.

The seams on the front surface of the decorative masonry are embroidered. First, vertical and then horizontal seams are processed. The architectural expressiveness of the masonry depends on the shape (profile) of the external jointing. The seams are given a convex, concave, recessed or single-cut shape.

The most common decorative masonry options are gothic (Polish) , in which the butt and spoon rows of bricks alternate, and cross complex , in which the butt and two spoon bricks are alternately laid.

Walls Two Bricks Thick Gothic Masonry on the facade (Fig. 64, a) they are erected in the following sequence: the first row of the outer mile - alternating poke and spoon bricks, the inner mile - bricks laid with a poke, a bunch of spoons; the second row of the outer verst repeats the first, but with the bandaging of the vertical seams on the facade; the inner mile is laid in the same way as the outer one, and the backing is performed with pokes.

When laying walls with a thickness of two bricks of cross complex masonry on the facade (Fig. 64, b), the first row of the outer mile - alternating pokes with two spoons, the inner mile - bricks laid with pokes, spoons made of spoons; the second row of the outer verst repeats the first, but so that the vertical seam between the spoons is located in the middle of the underlying butt; the inner verst repeats the outer one; zabutka consists of butts.

When laying piers with a gothic pattern of seams(Fig. 65, a) the first row is performed in the same way as in the section of blank walls, but with quarters laying in the outer verst. In the second row, the outer and inner versts are the same - these are alternating spoons and pokes. To comply with the dressing, the corners of the inner verst are completed with three-quarters. The gaps in the zabutka are performed in quarters.

Partitions with a cross-type complex pattern of seams on the facade they are laid out in this order: the first row is the same as in the sections of the blank walls, but with two three-quarters laid in the outer verst; the second row is external and internalversts are the same, but halves and three-quarters are used to comply with the dressing. Zabutka - from bricks laid with a spike, with filling in the gaps with incomplete bricks.

Right angles with gothic seams on the facade (Fig. 66, a) they are laid out in the following sequence. First row: the outer verst begins with a three-quarter and a whole brick, then on both sides of the corner, butt and spoon bricks alternate; the inner mile begins with two three-quarters, laid with a spoon, and continues with jabs; They lead them with spoons, in the corner they lay a quarter and a half of a brick. The second row: the outer verst begins with a whole brick and three-quarters, then pokes and spoons alternate, laid with bandaging of vertical seams on the facade; the inner verst repeats the outer one; Backing up is carried out with pokes, and the corner is filled with three-quarters and a quarter.

Right angles of walls with a cross-linked complex pattern of seams (Fig. 66, b) lay out in the following sequence: the first row: the outer mile begins with two three-quarters laid with a spoon, then spoon and butt bricks are laid, after which two spoon and a jab alternate; on the other side of the corner, the outer verst consists of alternating two spoons and a butt; the inner mile begins with two three-quarters and continues with jabs on both sides of the corner; backing up is performed with spoons; second row: start the outer mile with two three-quarters, stacked with pokes, then two spoons and a poke alternate; on the other hand, a spoon and a poke are adjacent to the three-quarter, and then two spoons alternate with pokes; the inner verst begins with two three-quarters, tying up the bricks located below, and continues laying the bricks in the same order as in the front verst; Backing up is carried out with pokes, only two spoons are laid in the inner part of the corner.

Decorative masonry does not require expensive materials, it gives buildings an architectural expressiveness and individual appearance.

combines a clear grid of front seams with compositions of flat or embossed patterns - ornaments (Fig. 67). At the same time, the ends of buildings, piers, sub-cornice stripes and other sections of the walls are decorated with decorative figures, stylized drawings, imparting architectural expressiveness and originality to the building. Ornaments can be laid out with bricks of different colors.

The architectural design of facades is achieved by various methods, for example, non-load-bearing pilasters made of silicate bricks with a continuous vertical seam can protrude from the plane of the walls; the masonry sections under the windows, above the lintels and the vertical rows framing the opening are laid out of red bricks. Stylized images of animals, plants or other drawings are laid out according to templates.

Brick is the oldest building material that is distinguished by its strength and durability. Today it is one of the most popular and demanded materials, which, due to modern color solutions and various options for masonry, allows you to create expressive building masterpieces that amaze with their beauty and individuality of style.

This article will focus on the possibilities of decorative and artistic laying of facing bricks.

Decorative brickwork allows you to create unique, attractive facades of various types, colors and textures. Complete freedom of creativity, brightness of decor, bold lines - and your house will definitely stand out against the background of monotonous modern buildings.

There are three main types of facing brick masonry:

1. Direct masonry brick involves creating a facade pattern using different ways dressing bricks with an even distribution of seams.
2. Decorative masonry is carried out according to a previously prepared drawing, which is created not only due to the seam pattern, but also due to the use of bricks of different colors.
3. Artistic (relief) combines the interaction of the seam pattern, color scheme and brick laying method. Here the facade is a complex relief surface with various elements decorative masonry: ledges, recesses, pilasters, slopes, various architectural patterns.

A bit of construction terminology that facilitates mutual understanding when communicating with experts on the topic.

Dressing Is a brick laying system, when the joints of the lower row are placed in such a way that they are overlapped by the bricks of the upper row. The simplest masonry option is performed as follows: full dressing of the longitudinal and transverse vertical seams is performed every 3-5 rows.

Stitch seam- these are bricks laid across the wall, outward with a short cut; spoon suture- bricks laid lengthwise, with a long cut. The wide sides of the brick are bed, the outer surface of the wall is a verst, the inner rows are catfish.

Initially, the brickwork got its names from the name of the brick surfaces - spoon (long edge) and butt (short, end part). The poke masonry of the facade is a surface of some pokes, the spoon masonry is a sequence of four long edges and one short one.

The Gothic (Old Russian) brickwork of the walls was an alternation of spoons and pokes in each horizontal row, each poke being located strictly in the center of the spoon laid below. Cross masonry is an alternation of spoon and butt rows, where a vertical spoon is symmetrically located between two butts.

Modern decorative masonry of facing bricks amazes with a variety of types due to the combinatorial arrangement of bricks and color schemes. With just two colors, you can get an almost infinite number of options.

Direct masonry - a simple solution

This is the simplest and most familiar way by which decorative wall masonry can be performed. It is created due to the surface of the brick itself (smooth, textured, colored) and the characteristics of the seam - thickness and color. Direct masonry allows you to create the most original and unique facades.

Even with the help of single-color bricks, you can create many interesting facade options. Here are some of the most popular types:

Straight Bavarian masonry - the trend of our time

Today, the Bavarian masonry, which originated in the German lands, has gained particular popularity. For its implementation, four shades of facing bricks are used, the same or different in texture. The main colors of Bavarian masonry are black-brown, brown, dark red and red. This row can be supplemented if desired.

Bavarian facing brickwork is done as follows:

1. Laying of a horizontal row is made of all shades of color in a chaotic manner.

2. The second row is an alternation of colors in the same order.

3. An important rule- you cannot put two bricks of the same color back to back.

4. To give the facade a holistic look, the vertical seams must match through each row.

5. You can lay out bricks according to a certain pattern.

Bavarian masonry will help you create an original, boring and at the same time not colorful facade.

Possibilities of decorative masonry made of colored and textured bricks

Decorative facade masonry is the implementation of clear geometric patterns of seams (dressings) or a combination of a certain pattern of seams with colored, textured or embossed elements. Cladding with decorative masonry is an easy way to create an unusual project out of ordinary brick. Decorative patterns will look especially impressive on noticeable parts of the walls - at the ends, walls of buildings, under-eaves. You can enhance the effect by adding glazed bricks to the masonry in a certain or random order.

Brick texture is of great importance for masonry. Decorative embossed masonry is a great way to add accents. The corrugated surface of the brick will make it possible to embody the image of an old house that has stood for several centuries. A coarse texture, which has a surface like chipped stone, is used, as a rule, for finishing more massive parts of a building - retaining walls, plinths. For finishing the walls of higher floors, cornices, walls, a material with a rough texture is perfect.

Apply different kinds decorative masonry, characterized by a variety of facade patterns and seam combinations. The laying of bricks of different colors allows you to create decorative ornaments for every taste.

With single-row (chain) laying of bricks of different types, you can get a huge variety of flat ornaments. For example, such:

And in conclusion, a few words about the seams

Brick cladding will look as impressive as the quality of the seams will be processed. They stand out on the surface of the walls, focusing on the originality of the brick binding. Without a clear marking of the seams, the wall surface may become indistinct or, conversely, too variegated appearance... The seam of a brick masonry depends on a number of factors, in particular the artistic task and the type of brick you are using. It is advisable to choose and discuss the most suitable option at the stage of project development.

One of the most original and interesting ways to decorate and transform the interior of a house or apartment is wall decoration with decorative stone. The prerequisites for such a decision may be either the desire to bring something natural, natural and natural into the interior, or the desire to create an interior in a medieval style. In any case, finishing with decorative stone allows you to solve all these problems. With the help of modern building materials, you can arrange the most different types similar finish. For this, artificial stones and decorative bricks of a wide variety of colors and food are available for sale. Decorative masonry is a simple and effortless task, especially when you consider all the available recommendations.

Wall decoration with decorative bricks completely imitates brickwork.

Decorative masonry: features of modern materials

For decorative stone, it is important to choose good lighting.

Before the decorative masonry is started directly, it is necessary to consider some important features of this type of finish and describe possible options use and laying of decorative stone and bricks. If you decide to diversify your interior by finishing some elements with decorative stone or decorative masonry will be used to decorate an entire wall, you need to take into account that much more light will be needed to illuminate such a room. In dim or dim lighting, decorative brickwork will seem oppressive and too gloomy. You can make things a little easier by alternating between flat areas with light-colored plaster, wallpaper or paint, and areas with decorative bricks.

Decorative bricks and stones are made from two main materials: cement mortar and plaster.

For rooms with low humidity, a lighter plaster stone finish is suitable.

Artificial gypsum stones are used in rooms with low humidity (living rooms, bedrooms), because gypsum is characterized by increased hygroscopicity (it easily absorbs moisture). But decorative cement-based bricks normally withstand high humidity, which makes it possible to use this material in the toilet, bathrooms and in the kitchen. Walls finished with decorative bricks look expressive and original. The ease of laying this material will allow you to independently decorate the walls of your house or apartment, without resorting to the services of third-party specialists.

On modern market a huge variety of different colors and types of decorative stone are presented, so that it is perfect for any interior design of a house or apartment. However, remember that brickwork is not suitable for decorating too narrow spaces. Such a room will appear even narrower even with good and correct lighting.

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Preparation of tools and surfaces

When using natural stone, the wall is reinforced with a metal mesh.

First of all, prepare the tools that you will need for laying bricks, namely:

• liquid nails or tile glue;
• grout or putty;
• notched trowels for applying the adhesive to the stone;
• a grinder with a diamond disc (in the case of using cement-based stones) or a hacksaw for wood with fine teeth (if you are using gypsum stone);
• paint for painting over putty joints;
• milk bag;
• water-based varnish;
• pencil;
• building level;
• construction mixer for mixing the adhesive.

A milk bag is necessary for more convenient application of the putty into the joints between the tiles. On the one hand, you need to cut a small hole, and on the other, cut the bag completely and add putty to it. By lightly pressing on the bag, the putty can be conveniently applied to the seams.

The wall, which will be decorated with artificial stone or brick, must be prepared in the same way as for laying ceramic tiles, that is, the base should be as even as possible. A slight run-up of curvature is allowed. This is primarily due to the fact that the front part of the decorative trim does not need to be brought to a clear level. On the other hand, the stone, whether artificial or natural, weighs a lot and, due to its thickness, creates a serious load on the base. So the main requirement is the reliability and strength of the base.

It is best to plaster the surface using a reinforcing construction mesh, or, in the case of plasterboard sheathing, select only 12.5 mm thick wall sheets for work and reinforce them in at least 3 transverse lines along the length.

Natural stone can only be glued to reinforced walls.

If you are going to lay heavy natural stone, then the wall must be reinforced with a metal mesh. In the case of decoration with lightweight imitation of stone and brick, this measure can be neglected. To fix the artificial stone, you can use silicone glue, tile glue, or liquid nails. There is also a special glue for stone. In some cases, it is advisable to use an ordinary cement-sand mortar, in which it is desirable to add PVA glue or tile glue for greater reliability. Tile glue or specialized glue for decorative bricks is best suited for these purposes. Its preparation is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Most often, the required amount of water is poured into a suitable container (usually a bucket). The dry mixture is gradually poured into water, the solution is gradually mixed with a construction mixer. As a result, you should get a homogeneous thick mass. In the case of working with drywall, it is imperative to check, according to the instructions for the adhesive used, the possibility of fixing it on the sheets. If this combination is not indicated, it is better to additionally hedge and perforate the drywall to improve adhesion using a special gear roller.

The wall must be primed with a deep penetration primer.

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Preparation for laying decorative bricks

When applying the solution, it is convenient to use a spatula with a comb.

It is necessary to figure out in advance how and where exactly it will be carried out. To do this, it is better to prepare a sketch and sketch your own vision on this matter. Further, the sketch will be worked out taking into account the selected decorative brick, that is, its size and laying characteristics. Any type of decorative brick can be stacked end-to-end or with the formation of a seam. this must be taken into account when creating a sketch. Almost all types of artificial stone, as well as some types of natural, are characterized by constant geometry. In view of this, the dimensions of the areas that will be covered with tiles must be proportional. It is rather difficult to provide a chip or cut of decorative brick so that its appearance is not damaged. As a result, it all comes down to the use of a solid material.

The installation pattern must be transferred to the wall. In places where you need to create an even edge of the finish, for example, near the floor or if the decorative finish reaches only a certain height, you need to create limiters. It is best to use profile corners for this, which are fixed to the wall surface. V this case brick laying will have a beautiful appearance.

Brick styled tiles are one of the most popular types of artificial decorative stone. As a rule, it weighs less than natural stone and adheres perfectly to ordinary tile glue.