The essence of the concept is the structure of the budget of the article years. Analysis of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the Russian Federation. The current classification of budgets in Russia and their structure

On Friday, December 9, the State Duma adopted in the third final reading the draft federal budget for 2017 and for the planning period 2018-2019. State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin called it "optimal, but tough." 99 out of 414 MPs voted against the adoption of the state budget. What is the controversial nature of the document and what are its main parameters, DW found out.

The deficit will persist. The reserve fund will be depleted

According to the adopted law, budget revenues in 2017 will amount to 13.5 trillion rubles, expenses - 16.2 trillion rubles. The deficit is thus projected at $ 2.8 trillion. It is supposed to be financed from the Reserve Fund, which is expected to be exhausted next year, as well as from the National Welfare Fund - 4.2 trillion rubles will remain in it by the end of 2017.

GDP is expected to grow: from 0.6% in 2017 to 1.7% in 2018 and 2.1% in 2019. Inflation is projected at 4% over the next three years. The exchange rate of the dollar against the ruble, on which it is proposed to rely, will be 67.5 rubles per dollar in 2017 and then will rise to 68.7 in 2018 and 71.1 rubles in 2019. The deputies have budgeted the oil price at $ 40 per barrel. At the same time, the IMF gives a forecast for 2017 at $ 50.6 per barrel with subsequent growth, and the World Bank - $ 55.2.

Nevertheless, experts assessed positively the conservative approach of the legislators. As noted in the conclusion of the Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy and RANEPA on the draft budget, "given the existing risks and uncertainties, a conservative approach to the formation of the federal budget revenues seems justified."

More than a third of all expenses- on defense and secretarticles

The budget assumes that defense and secret spending (mainly for the section "National Defense", as well as for the sections "National Economy", "Healthcare", subsections "Preschool Education", "Periodicals" and others) will be reduced next year more than 20%. Military spending - up to 2.836 trillion, secret - up to 2.771 trillion rubles. Together, the costs of these items are more than 15 times higher than those for health care and almost 10 times higher than those for education.

As stated in the conclusion of the Gaidar Institute and RANEPA, "among the countries that are not at war, Russia is one of the record holders in terms of defense spending." So, according to experts, if the share of defense spending in the Russian budget is almost a quarter of all spending, then in the United States, which has a colossal military budget, this share is only 15%, and in Germany - 11%.

The experts also criticize the excessive number of secret articles that create budget opacity. "The share of closed expenditures is more than an order of magnitude higher than similar indicators of public finances in developed countries," the authors of the conclusion note. According to them, this contradicts the law "On State Secrets", which allows secrecy only for budget expenditures in the field of intelligence, operational-search activities, as well as in the field of countering terrorism.

For education andhealth carespend all5,8% all expenses

Expenditures on education next year will grow by 2% - up to 568.5 billion rubles. At the same time, spending on the item "youth policy" will increase the most - by 29.5% - and will amount to 2.3 billion. But for preschool education, allocations will decrease by 45.2% - to 3.2 billion cut by 38.3% - to 17.7 billion. The most expensive item is higher education. On it, expenses will increase by 3.2% - up to 497.3 billion.

Health care will receive from the federal treasury in 2017 almost a quarter less funds than this year - only 364 billion rubles. According to experts from the Gaidar Institute and RANEPA, "the relative amount of government spending on health care in Russia is significantly lower than in developed countries, and does not correspond to the real level of economic development of the country."

Social spending is on the rise, poverty is not declining

More than 5 trillion rubles will be allocated for social policy in 2017 (28.2% more than in 2016). At the same time, experts point out that a sharp increase in appropriations in Russia does not lead to a decrease in the level of poverty in the country. From 2008 to 2015, the number of the poor was 13.4% of the total population, despite the fact that over the years, spending on social services increased by more than 200%.

Context

As Arseny Mammadov, the head of the budget policy laboratory at the Gaidar Institute, explained to DW, the problem is that payments are not sufficiently individualized: “There are still quite a few categorical benefits, and targeted means testing is not being carried out enough. however, not all of them really need it. "

Production costs are reduced, no development

One of the key complaints expressed by experts regarding the adopted budget is that, in the words of the deputy Alexei Zhuravlev, it is a "budget for patience", not development. One of the reasons is the reduction of the so-called productive costs at a faster pace than unproductive ones.

The first, according to Arseniy Mammadov, include expenses that lead to acceleration of economic growth. These are mainly the costs of human resources (health care, education, etc.), as well as infrastructure. The rest are unproductive: for public administration, defense, etc.

By the way, spending on infrastructure in the coming years will be reduced, and especially significantly - on transport. In nominal terms, the year-on-year decline in 2017, 2018 and 2019 will be 14%, 12% and 30%, respectively. According to analysts, this puts many infrastructure projects at risk.

Vasily Koltashov, head of the Center for Economic Research at the Institute of Globalization and Social Movements (IGSO), told DW that, in his opinion, the Russian authorities would not, in principle, be able to solve economic problems and move to growth with the help of widespread cost cuts. According to him, it is necessary to radically change the economic vector towards increasing costs and stimulating consumer demand and industrial production due to this.

See also "How Russia Accumulated and Spent its Reserve Fund":

The government's point of view is that this fact should not discourage Russians. On the contrary, sanctions should be viewed as a positive phenomenon, because long-term economic isolation will help develop its own production and improve technological advances, which, ultimately, will provide the country with an unprecedented economic recovery. By the way, it is already forecasted in the new federal budget.

The draft state budget for 2017-2019 was published in October

The draft document was published by the employees of the Ministry of Finance of Russia on 10/12/2016, and it is he who will determine the structure of state revenues and expenditures for the next three years. The new budget is positioned as adapted to the new realities, which include low, shrinking monetary reserves and "Western constraints" on economic growth. Let's take a closer look at what was included in the new budget of Russia in order to find out government priorities.

Innovations in the State Budget of Russia

To date, the Russian budget has not yet passed the stage of final approval. But the main innovations and figures characterizing this bill can already be analyzed. Among the main innovations, the following points can be noted:

the government intends to return to the old practice of adopting a single budget for a three-year period (in 2016, the Russian economy was based on a one-year financial document). According to the opinion voiced by representatives of the Ministry of Finance, this step will ensure consistency and predictability in leveling the accumulated budget imbalances;
a distinctive feature of the new document was the change in the structure of sources of financing the budget deficit. If in the current year 2/3 of the deficit was covered by the funds taken from the Reserve Fund, then in the next three years the representatives of the Ministry of Finance propose to use less sovereign funds and more - borrowed funds attracted in the domestic market.

The revenue side of the budget of the Russian Federation in 2017

It is worth noting that the revenue side in the 2017 budget was fixed at 13.44 trillion rubles and slightly differs from last year's figure. Many economists say that if we also take into account, then in real terms, this part of the budget will continue the downward trend. In 2019, representatives of the Ministry of Finance predict an increase in revenues to 14.8 trillion rubles, which is a nominal historical maximum for the Russian economy.

Experts note that the planned growth is explained by the weakened positions of the ruble - the 2019 budget includes a quotation of 71.1 rubles per 1 US dollar. Oil quotes included in the RF budget are forecasted at $ 40 / bbl. In addition, it should be noted that in relation to the level of GDP, the revenue side will tend to decline - in 2019 this share will be 15%.

The state budget revenues are affected by the shaky position of the ruble

Finance Minister Anton Siluanov called the main goal of the government to ensure income without additional tax reform and. It is quite possible that the tax sector will undergo reforms in favor of easing the fiscal burden on business - first of all, this may affect taxes levied on entrepreneurs. Other experts explain the government's optimism for completely different reasons.

So, for example, Lyudmila Pronina, who holds the post of professor at the Department of Economics and Finance of the Public Sector of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, says that the Ministry of Finance's forecast growth of the revenue side is quite realistic. But she explains the likelihood of its execution by income from taxation, which the Ministry of Finance has pledged in the amount of 300 billion rubles for 2017, and 200 billion each in 2018 and 2019. The second reason she cites is a possible increase.

The expenditure side of the budget of Russia

Funding for expense items was proposed in the amount of RUB 16.181 trillion in 2017. It is worth saying that for the next two years this indicator was announced in a slightly smaller amount. So, in 2018, expenses will amount to 15.978 trillion, and in 2019 - 15.964 trillion rubles. According to Anton Siluanov, cutting the expenditure side of the budget is the only way to ensure fiscal consolidation.

Let's remind that the expenses in the RF budget are divided into two parts: open and closed. The first of them in 2017 is planned in the amount of 13.31 trillion rubles, i.e. 18% of all expenses will be classified. This is less than in 2016, when the level of "hidden" costs exceeded 22%. Moreover, the 2016 budget was being adjusted in this aspect just before our eyes. Representatives of the Ministry of Finance explained this with certain plans that provide for early settlement of credit obligations of defense enterprises.

The largest allocations will receive the defense sector of Russia

If we consider the functional directions of expenses item by item, then the following conclusions can be drawn:

it is planned to spend 5.08 trillion rubles for the needs of social policy in 2017, 4.962 in 2018 and 5.054 in 2019. In this case, the government demonstrates a tendency to reduce, explaining its actions by the need to save money;
the national economy will receive allocations in the amount of 2.3 trillion rubles in 2017. In 2018, 2.246 trillion rubles will be allocated to it, and in 2019 - 2.054 trillion rubles, that is, over the next three years, financing of the national economy will be reduced from 14.2% of all expenses to 12.9%. It is rather strange that with the policy of cutting costs for this item, government financiers predict the country will soon. It is not entirely clear what reasons this growth can provoke - under the conditions of sanctions and an investment blockade, foreign investment cannot be counted on, and local entrepreneurs cannot afford to take bank loans due to exorbitant interest rates;
the needs of national defense will be financed in the amount of 950 billion rubles. The indicated figure is an open part of the budgetary expenditures for this item. Taking into account the closed items that make up the gross part of defense spending, the industry will receive 2.84 trillion rubles in appropriations. In 2018, the allocation will be 2.72 trillion, and in 2019 - 2.856 trillion. Over three years, funding will increase from 17.6% to 17.9% of the entire expenditure side of the budget, which indicates a high degree of "militarization" of this document. Experts emphasize that the only salvation for the country's budget is structural reforms related to production and cuts in military spending. Nevertheless, this recommendation of experts has been ignored by the government for many years already;
spending on national security is growing and. The law enforcement agencies will receive 1.968 trillion rubles in 2017, 1.995 in 2018 and 2.007 in 2019. The share of these expenses in the budget, thus, will increase from 12.2 to 12.6%;
costs, against this background, do not look so significant. The Ministry of Education can only count on 568 billion for 2017. In the next two years, this figure will increase slightly and leave 589 and 586 billion, respectively;
The health sector also does not cause much concern for the government: in 2017, it is planned to allocate 377 billion rubles for it, and in 2018 and 2019 - 394 and 369 billion rubles, respectively.

Doctors and educators can hardly hope for government support

Analysis of hidden costs led to the following conclusions:

government spending on the so-called "other issues" will increase next year to 10% of the entire expenditure side of the budget and will amount to 1.62 trillion rubles, which exceeds the corresponding figure in 2016;
a subsection entitled “other issues” appears with enviable regularity in a dozen areas, of which it is worth noting 500 billion rubles planned for “separate subsidies” for companies and organizations and “separate interbudgetary transfers” allocated for regional budgets;
150 "secret" billion rubles will be allocated under the article "National Security and Law Enforcement Agencies";
items including “other issues” and “hidden costs” together account for about 24% of the entire expenditure side of the Russian budget.

About the budget deficit

The budget for the next three years is planned to be in deficit. In 2017, this figure will amount to 2.74 trillion rubles (3.2% of GDP). Moreover, the government has not yet adopted the document, but is already considering possible amendments to this figure - recently, the Ministry of Finance proposed to increase the budget deficit to 3.03 trillion rubles. According to some economists' forecasts, this figure may reach 3.26 trillion, coming close to the mark of 3.9% of the GDP level.

This value will be the largest gap in the past six years. Government experts unanimously declare that the budget deficit is quite expected and the Western sanctions are to blame, but they are confident that all problems can be overcome by finding additional sources of income. First of all, financiers are hoping for some new military contracts that can settle the budget deficit. At the same time, it is worth citing the words expressed on this occasion by Vladimir Putin.

The president mentioned that it may be too early to adopt a three-year budget in the current economic environment, but he maintains the healthy optimism of public financiers. At the same time, if we compare income and expenses, it becomes clear that in comparison with the 2016 budget, the income planned for 2019 should increase by almost 1.4 trillion rubles, and expenditure should decrease by 670 billion in national currency.

In 2017, the budget deficit may reach a record 3.9% of GDP

It is also worth considering the high expenditure base of the current year. At the finish line, which has already reached the budget for 2016, the Ministry of Finance decided to increase expenditure items from 16.1 trillion rubles to 16.4 trillion. If we also take into account the fact that changes are expected in the consolidated budget list, which will not be carried out through legislative amendments, then the total may reach an amount of 16.63 trillion rubles.

Financiers are more optimistic about the future, assuming that already in 2018 the country may reach a deficit indicator equal to 2.2% of GDP, and by the end of 2019 it will reduce it to 1.2%. At the same time, experts from the Fitch analytical agency say that Russia has not yet overcome its dependence on raw materials, and unstable oil quotes, which so far have a characteristic downward trend, may hurt budget replenishment.

State debt of the Russian Federation

As already mentioned, public financiers are planning to increase the level of borrowing in order to cover the budget deficit. Presumably, these will mainly be domestic loans, which will amount to:

1.88 trillion rubles in 2017, which is two times higher than borrowings in 2016;
in 2018, domestic government bonds will have to give another 1.6 trillion rubles;
in 2019 - 1.7 trillion in national currency.

In addition, it is worth considering that in 2017 the maturity of bonds, the total value of which is 829 billion rubles, will be suitable. Possibly, the amount of placed federal loan bonds will amount to 1.9 trillion rubles. At the same time, Anton Siluanov noted that it is necessary to receive loans from domestic investors with a degree of caution so that they do not demand short-term bonds at high rates from the government.

It should be noted that the change in the sources of financing the deficit is not accidental. In 2017, they plan to take 1.15 trillion from the Reserve Fund, which means that this source will be completely exhausted. Rumor has it that, if necessary, the government will turn to money from the National Wealth Fund. According to the plans of the Ministry of Finance, this source will have to provide 660 billion rubles. in 2017 and 1.14 trillion. - in 2018. As for the possible replenishment of these funds, it is not planned until 02/01/2020.

For the sake of reducing the budget deficit, the volume of borrowings will rise

The level of borrowing in foreign markets is dropping sharply. It is planned to attract no more than $ 7 billion from external sources in 2017, and in the next two - another $ 3 billion, which corresponds to the level of the pre-crisis years. Commenting on this fact, Anton Siluanov noted that the country could have spent a year without external borrowing, but the government should support the liquidity level of its Eurobonds.

In 2017, the country's main financial institution will simply refinance on expiring debts. According to the plan, in 2017 Russia will have to repurchase securities for 7.3 billion c.u. Let's note right away: many experts believe that the chief financier of Russia is disingenuous. The country will refuse external loans, not because it does not need them, but due to the ongoing sanctions, which concern, among other things, the sphere of lending.

The volume of the total debt of the Russian Federation by the beginning of 2020 will increase, reaching 16.6 trillion. R. (16.8% of GDP), which exceeds the level of 2016 by 1.8%. Over the next three years, the total public debt will remain at a safe level. Although some economists are intimidated by the comparison of the external public debt, which is estimated at 55 billion US dollars, the amount of domestic debt (almost 9 billion rubles) and the amount of cash reserves, estimated at 5.5 billion rubles.

The budget issue and Chechnya

The planned budget, aimed at saving money, has already caused discontent in some regions. Recall that after the project was published, Ramzan Kadyrov, who holds the post of the head of this republic, expressed his dissatisfaction with the reduction in funding for Chechnya through the social network Instagram. The Kremlin reacted to this statement with the help of Dmitry Peskov, who is the press secretary of the Russian president.

In his statement, Peskov noted that the country's economy is characterized by difficulties that are related not only to the federation as a whole, but also to its individual regions. The presidential speaker emphasized that the head of the country foresaw the emergence of controversial issues, but the debate should be moved to the lower house of the Duma. The government cannot be guided by the dissatisfaction of individual federal subjects - it takes into account the interests of the whole country, despite criticism from the regions.

Ramzan Kadyrov expressed dissatisfaction with the meager funding of Chechnya

Not so long ago, Kadyrov said that if in previous periods the authorities of the Republic of Chechnya took into account the policy of total budget savings, today he is forced to criticize the budget project. Kadyrov recalled that the republic has not received funds for a long time within the framework of the federal targeted program concerning the restoration of the economic and social sphere of Chechnya. Cuts in the Chechen budget will prevent the republican economy from developing and negatively affect social obligations.

Nevertheless, one cannot ignore the fact that during the years of Ramzan Kadyrov's leadership, Chechnya received subsidies and subsidies from the federal budget in the amount of 540 billion rubles, closing the top three of Russian subsidized leaders (the first two places are occupied by Dagestan and Yakutia). The budget of Chechnya is already 80-87% formed at the expense of deductions from the all-Russian budget. Moreover, according to Natalya Zubarevich, director of the regional program of the Independent Institute for Social Policy, Grozny distributes a significant part of the funds received in a completely opaque manner.

However, with a very substantial amount of subsidies, the republic still manages to occupy the 4th place among the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the unemployment rate. Moreover, 53% of the total unemployed population are men of working age. At the same time, the level of monetary incomes of the population of the republic is steadily increasing, but most of them are modestly recorded under the item not “salary”, but “other income”.

Conclusions and forecasts

In general, the budget can be safely called conservative. At least, it does not provide for any drastic measures to resolve the issue, so, in fact, Russia will continue to eat up the remaining reserves. State financiers say that the budget for 2017-2019 will still be adjusted, and this will have to be done annually. Experts do not predict exacerbation of external risks for the country's economy, but they speak of the possibility of exacerbation of internal risks.

In many ways, the consistency of the RF budget depends on the oil market

The already mentioned oil prices are to blame. In addition, the presidential elections await Russia, and this, according to the Ministry of Finance, makes it impossible to plan expenses in advance. Although it is a little unclear why the costs of the elections cannot be calculated and included in the future budget in advance. Nevertheless, Russians are assured that everything will be fine: inflation expectations will drop by almost 3 times with a GDP growth of 2.4% by the end of 2018. However, even these statements cause a certain amount of skepticism among economists.

The tense world political situation makes citizens think about the future. Russia is going through hard times. The economy, one might say, is reborn, and this entails the inevitability of costs in the form of a federal budget deficit. The people do not feel stable, and therefore they are already asking themselves the question: what Russian budget for 2017 in numbers?

Important factors are taken into account when preparing the budget. This is the oil and gas component, the general world situation. When laying the articles for the next three-year period, the authorities also paid attention to the existing sanctions of foreign states against our country and Russia's response to them.

The law that determined the budget for 2016 became an innovation, because traditionally the budget is determined for the next year and as planned - for another 2 years. But in view of the lack of clear forecasts and constant changes (not always for the better), the government did not dare to take responsibility for forecasting for 3 years ahead.

However, in 2016, the authorities seem to be optimistic, because in the coming weeks there will beand funds are pledged for 2018 and 2019. The federal law will begin to operate on January 1, 2017.

So, according to the draft federal law, state revenues will amount to 13.4 trillion rubles. The expenses, in turn, are 16.2 trillion. What do these numbers say? Yes, the state does not have enough money . Nominally, these are practically the numbers for 2016. Of course, inflation also matters, taking it into account, income will decrease compared to the previous year. According to forecasts of the Ministry of Finance, the state is able to cut costs and increase the revenue component. Predictions are good enough: if budget deficit of Russia for 2017will amount to 2.8 billion, then in 2018 - 2 billion, and in 2019 it will be equal to 1.1 billion rubles

The budget in the housing and utilities sector is rapidly decreasing: in 2017, it is planned to allocate 58 billion rubles to this area, and in 2018 only 28.8 billion rubles.

The budget of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for 2017will amount to almost 1968 billion rubles, this is 12.2% of the share of total expenses. However, this department is waiting for significant changes, first of all, they relate to staffing. Requirements not only for professional qualities are becoming more stringent, but the moral and psychological aspects of the personality of an individual worker are now playing an important role. These criteria were introduced, in part, as conditions for the reduction of staff positions. By October 2017, it may decrease by almost 10%. This means that 100 thousand employees will be left without work. The innovations will have little effect on employees working “in the field”, directly with the population (precinct, for example). The share of their reductions will be no more than 2%. Those who remain in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expect pleasant bonuses - an increase of 5% to their salaries.

Since 2015, Russia has outlined a direct course towards supporting and strengthening national defense.Military budget of Russia in 2017will amount to 2840 billion in 2017. This is 6% less than in 2016, adjusted for inflation. It is worth noting the existence of so-called closed, secret articles in the budget. In the sphere of defense, 800 billion is planned for such an item. There are opinions that this money will be spent on early fulfillment of obligations on loans to defense enterprises in order to save interest.

Social sphere

Latest news on the Russian budget for 2017concerning the expenditure side, which is responsible for improving the life of citizens, are as follows: spending on the social sphere will amount to more than 30% of the total budget, which is 5,080 billion rubles in 2017. More than 4,000 billion rubles have been allocated to the Social Support of Citizens program. and, finally, 10 trillion rubles were allocated for the development of the pension system.

The authorities note the need to revise all programs, except social ones, in order to identify the highest priority projects. In 2017, it is planned to implement 40 federal targeted programs. Those programs that do not fall under funding will wait for their turn. Some programs will be canceled, but even in such difficult conditions, it is planned to launch 2-3 new ones.

In the process of approving the budget, the government relied on the thesis that the search for new opportunities for additional financing is not the task that is relevant for the upcoming three-year period. The priority is to launch the reserve capacities of the state. In other words, we should proceed from what we own, what resources Russia has to equalize the economy in the current conditions.

In general, experts say that the negative economic situation will continue in 2017. However, there is also a desire of the state to comprehensively develop a program for overcoming the crisis and improving the social situation. This gives the people faith in the coming of a better time and hope that the financial course has been chosen correctly.

The economic situation in the Russian Federation, which has developed at the moment, is the subject of close attention not only by leading financial analysts, owners of large businesses or small entrepreneurs, but also by ordinary citizens. The crisis phenomena that are now observed in many economies of the world are aggravated in Russia by the fact that in recent years it has been under the influence of Western sanctions.

The draft document was published by the employees of the Ministry of Finance of Russia on 10/12/2016, and it is he who will determine the structure of state revenues and expenditures for the next three years. The new budget is positioned as adapted to the new realities, including low oil prices, dwindling cash reserves and "Western constraints" on economic growth. Let's take a closer look at what was included in the new budget of Russia in order to find out government priorities.

Innovations in the State Budget of Russia

To date, the Russian budget has not yet passed the stage of final approval. But the main innovations and figures characterizing this bill can already be analyzed.

Among the main innovations, the following points can be noted:

The government intends to return to the old practice of adopting a single budget for a three-year period (in 2016, the Russian economy was based on a one-year financial document). According to the opinion voiced by representatives of the Ministry of Finance, this step will ensure consistency and predictability in leveling the accumulated budget imbalances;
a distinctive feature of the new document was the change in the structure of sources of financing the budget deficit. If in the current year 2/3 of the deficit was covered by the funds taken from the Reserve Fund, then in the next three years the representatives of the Ministry of Finance propose to use less sovereign funds and more - borrowed funds attracted in the domestic market.

The revenue side of the budget of the Russian Federation in 2017

It is worth noting that the revenue side in the 2017 budget was fixed at 13.44 trillion rubles and slightly differs from last year's figure. Many economists say that if we take into account also inflationary expectations, then in real terms this part of the budget will continue the downward trend. In 2019, representatives of the Ministry of Finance predict an increase in revenues to 14.8 trillion rubles, which is a nominal historical maximum for the Russian economy.

Finance Minister Anton Siluanov called the main goal of the government to ensure income without additional tax reform and raising the retirement age. It is quite possible that the tax sector will undergo reforms in favor of easing the fiscal burden on business - first of all, this may affect taxes levied on entrepreneurs. Other experts explain the government's optimism for completely different reasons.

So, for example, Lyudmila Pronina, who holds the post of professor at the Department of Economics and Finance of the Public Sector of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, says that the Ministry of Finance's forecast growth of the revenue side is quite realistic. But she explains the likelihood of its execution by income from taxation for the extraction of minerals, which the Ministry of Finance has pledged in the amount of 300 billion rubles for 2017, and 200 billion each in 2018 and 2019. The second reason she calls a possible increase in excise taxes.

The expenditure side of the budget of Russia

If we consider the functional directions of expenses item by item, then the following conclusions can be drawn:

It is planned to spend 5.08 trillion rubles for the needs of social policy in 2017, 4.962 in 2018 and 5.054 in 2019. In this case, the government demonstrates a tendency to reduce social needs, explaining its actions by the need to save money;
the national economy will receive allocations in the amount of 2.3 trillion rubles in 2017. In 2018, it will be allocated 2.246 trillion rubles, and in 2019 - 2.054 trillion rubles, that is, over the next three years, financing of the national economy will be reduced from 14.2% of all expenses to 12.9%. Oddly enough, with the policy of cutting spending on this item, government financiers predict rapid economic growth for the country. It is not entirely clear what reasons this growth can provoke - under the conditions of sanctions and an investment blockade, foreign investment cannot be counted on, and local entrepreneurs cannot afford to take bank loans due to exorbitant interest rates;
the needs of national defense will be financed in the amount of 950 billion rubles. The indicated figure is an open part of the budgetary expenditures for this item. Taking into account the closed items that make up the gross part of defense spending, the industry will receive 2.84 trillion rubles in appropriations. In 2018, the allocation will be 2.72 trillion, and in 2019 - 2.856 trillion. Over three years, funding will increase from 17.6% to 17.9% of the entire expenditure side of the budget, which indicates a high degree of "militarization" of this document. Experts emphasize that the only salvation for the country's budget is structural reforms related to production and cuts in military spending. Nevertheless, this recommendation of experts has been ignored by the government for many years already;
spending on national security and law enforcement is on the rise. The law enforcement agencies will receive 1.968 trillion rubles in 2017, 1.995 in 2018 and 2.007 in 2019. The share of these expenses in the budget, thus, will increase from 12.2 to 12.6%;
the costs associated with education, against this background, do not look so significant. The Ministry of Education can only count on 568 billion for 2017. In the next two years, this figure will increase slightly and leave 589 and 586 billion, respectively;
The health sector also does not cause much concern for the government: in 2017, it is planned to allocate 377 billion rubles for it, and in 2018 and 2019 - 394 and 369 billion rubles, respectively.

Analysis of hidden costs led to the following conclusions:

Government spending on so-called "other issues" will increase next year to 10% of the entire expenditure side of the budget and will amount to 1.62 trillion rubles, which exceeds the corresponding figure in 2016;
a subsection entitled “other issues” appears with enviable regularity in a dozen areas, of which it is worth noting 500 billion rubles planned for “separate subsidies” for companies and organizations and “separate interbudgetary transfers” allocated for regional budgets;
150 "secret" billion rubles will be allocated under the article "National Security and Law Enforcement Agencies";
items including “other issues” and “hidden costs” together account for about 24% of the entire expenditure side of the Russian budget.

About the budget deficit

State debt of the Russian Federation

As already mentioned, public financiers are planning to increase the level of borrowing in order to cover the budget deficit.

Presumably, these will mainly be domestic loans, which will amount to:

1.88 trillion rubles in 2017, which is two times higher than borrowings in 2016;
in 2018, domestic government bonds will have to give another 1.6 trillion rubles;
in 2019 - 1.7 trillion in national currency.

The budget issue and Chechnya

In general, the budget can be safely called conservative. At least, it does not provide for any fundamental measures to resolve crisis issues, so, in fact, Russia will continue to eat up the remaining reserves. State financiers say that the budget for 2017-2019 will still be adjusted, and this will have to be done annually. Experts do not predict exacerbation of external risks for the country's economy, but they speak of the possibility of exacerbation of internal risks.

In many ways, the consistency of the RF budget depends on the oil market.

The draft of the new budget is still going through the final approval stages, because the document must be approved not only by the Ministry of Finance, but also by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, before being agreed with the State Duma deputies. At each stage, the draft document will go through several amendments, and only after that it will be made public as the approved financial plan of the country.

Nevertheless, one cannot count on significant changes. Most likely, Russia will enter the new “three-year plan” with a conservative budget, and the government will hope that the increased oil prices will help stabilize the economic situation and raise social standards for the population.

State Budget Law for 2017

The federal law was adopted by the State Duma on December 9, 2016 and approved by the Federation Council on December 14, 2016.

Statement of the State Legal Department

Federal law establishes the main characteristics of the federal budget for 2017 and for the planning period of 2018 and 2019. At the same time, the main characteristics of the federal budget for 2017 are determined based on the projected gross domestic product of 86,806.0 billion rubles and an inflation rate not exceeding 4.0 percent. The projected total volume of federal budget revenues is 13,487.6 billion rubles, the volume of expenditures - 16,240.8 billion rubles. The federal budget deficit is estimated at 2,753.2 billion rubles.

The federal law also approves the norms for the distribution of income between the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation for 2017 and for the planning period of 2018 and 2019, the program of state external and budget and write-off of certain types of debt to the federal budget.

The State Duma adopted in the third and final reading the law on the federal budget for 2017-2019. 315 deputies voted for its adoption, 99 were against, the correspondent of "Rosbalt" reports.

According to the document, treasury revenues in 2017 will amount to 13.488 trillion. rubles, expenses - 16.241 trillion. rubles, and the deficit is 2.753 trillion. rubles. In 2018, these indicators are planned at the level of 14.029 trillion. rubles, 16.04 trillion. rubles, 2.011 trillion. rubles respectively. In 2019, revenues will amount to $ 14.845 trillion. rubles, expenses - 15.987 trillion. rubles, and the deficit is 1.142 trillion. rubles.

The 2017 budget was drawn up on the basis of an oil price of $ 40 per barrel. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, such an estimate of the level of oil prices is conservative, since it is significantly lower than the current consensus forecast for oil prices.

The share of oil and gas revenues of the federal budget will continue to decline from 37.4% in 2017 to 36% in 2019. Non-oil and gas revenues in relation to GDP will remain practically at a stable level (9.7% of GDP in 2017-2018 and 9.6% of GDP in 2019).

In 2017, the average annual exchange rate of the dollar is expected to remain at the level of 67.5 rubles per dollar; in 2018, the weakening of the exchange rate is predicted to 68.7 rubles per dollar, in 2019 - to 71.1 rubles per dollar.

In 2017, expenditures on general government issues are planned in the amount of 1.135 trillion. rubles, national defense - 1.121 trillion. rubles, security and law enforcement - 1.270 trillion. rubles, the national economy - 2.292 trillion. rubles, housing and communal services - 58.2 billion rubles, environmental protection - 76.4 billion rubles, education - 568 billion rubles, culture and cinema - 94 billion rubles, healthcare - 377 billion rubles, social policy - 5, 08 trillion rubles, mass media - 73.4 billion rubles, physical education and sports - 89.7 billion rubles, servicing the state debt - 729 billion rubles, interbudgetary transfers - 783.5 billion rubles.

In the 2017 budget, the share of secret expenses is 17.1%, with 11% of them going under sections not related to national defense and security.

Net capital outflows will increase from $ 20 billion in 2017 to $ 25 billion in 2018 and 2019. According to the forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development, in 2017, the GDP growth rate will go into the positive area and amount to 0.6%, in 2018 the GDP will increase to 1.7%, in 2019 - to 2.1%. By the end of 2017, inflation is forecast to fall to 4%.

It is predicted that the Reserve Fund will be fully depleted in 2017. The size of the National Wealth Fund will decrease from 4,702.3 billion rubles at the beginning of 2017 to 3,056.2 billion rubles at the beginning of 2020.

At the same time, due to significant government domestic borrowing, it is planned to increase the volume of government debt in the next three years. At the end of 2017, it will amount to 13,972.2 billion rubles, in 2018 - 15,177.1 billion rubles and in 2019 - 16,651.9 billion rubles.

When considering the document in the second reading, the deputies redistributed 540 billion rubles for 2017 and more than 1 trillion. rubles for the period 2018-2019. In particular, it was decided to increase lending support to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation from the federal budget from 100 billion to 200 billion rubles. In 2017, the regions will also receive a separate type of subsidies - to ensure the balance of budgets. Thus, Crimea will receive an additional 18.65 billion rubles, Sevastopol - 5.16 billion rubles, and Chechnya - 16.4 billion rubles.

Banks and agro-industrial complex will receive additional funds. Thus, credit organizations will be able to count on additional subsidies in order to compensate for the lost income from loans issued to agricultural enterprises. We are talking about the amount of 21.3 billion rubles in 2017, 17.6 billion in 2018 and 17.17 billion rubles in 2019. An additional 10.638 billion rubles will be allocated to support the agro-industrial complex.

Three Duma factions voted against the adoption of the budget - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party and "Fair Russia". "The budget is not numbers, it is the fate of people and this Trishkin caftan cannot be patched up, it will not fit on the shoulders of huge Russia," - said, in particular, the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Gennady Zyuganov. According to him, the government gave $ 2 trillion to rescue banks. rubles, which "spread to offshore". "According to the official information, out of 800 billion that was allocated for investments, only 3.4% were allocated for investments," Zyuganov added.

He is convinced that "the crisis will only grow." "The ticks will continue to squeeze the throat of the country and all of us," concluded the leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

State Duma deputy from "Fair Russia" Alexander Burkov said that the country "impose a budget for the fall of the Russian economy." “Parents of this budget should be deprived of parental rights,” he said. According to the deputy, when drawing up the budget, the government "saved 250 billion rubles on old people, while 150 billion wants to squeeze out on bonuses to officials."

State Duma deputy from the Liberal Democratic Party Alexei Didenko noted that the new budget did not become a "budget for national salvation" and was adopted by United Russia practically without taking into account the opinions of other factions. "1 trillion. rubles was distributed by one faction, how can this budget be called the budget of national accord? " - the deputy was indignant.

It should be noted that 47 extra-parliamentary parties were invited to consider the draft budget in the third reading, but they were not given the floor, but offered to listen to the discussion on the Duma's balcony.

State budget revenues in 2017

Important factors are taken into account when preparing the budget. This is the oil and gas component, the dollar exchange rate, the general world situation. When laying the articles for the next three-year period, the authorities also paid attention to the existing sanctions of foreign states against our country and Russia's response to them.

The law that determined the budget for 2016 became an innovation, because traditionally the budget is determined for the next year and as planned - for another 2 years. But in view of the lack of clear forecasts and constant changes (not always for the better), the government did not dare to take responsibility for forecasting for 3 years ahead.

However, in 2016, the authorities seem to be optimistic, because in the coming weeks the Russian budget for 2017 will be adopted and funds for 2018 and 2019 will be allocated. The federal law will begin to operate on January 1, 2017.

Budget revenues and expenditures

So, according to the draft federal law, state revenues will amount to 13.4 trillion rubles. The expenses, in turn, are 16.2 trillion. What do these numbers say? Yes, the state does not have enough money. Nominally, these are practically the numbers for 2016. Of course, inflation also matters, taking it into account, income will decrease compared to the previous year. According to forecasts of the Ministry of Finance, the state is able to cut costs and increase the revenue component. The forecasts are quite good: if Russia's budget deficit for 2017 is 2.8 billion, then in 2018 it will be 2 billion, and in 2019 it will be 1.1 billion rubles.

The gross domestic product is projected to be 86.8 billion next year.It is likely to rise to 98.8 billion by 2019.

In the process of developing the budget law, the authorities have repeatedly emphasized that the only way to stabilize the budget is to cut costs as much as possible. Moreover, this policy is still in effect: the expected budget deficit in 2016 was supposed to be 3.7 billion. However, amendments have already been made to reduce this figure. Now it is a little over 3 billion rubles. There is a chance that the deficit has a chance of falling by more than 15% in 2017.

Where to get scarce funds

In 2016, most of the deficit was covered by the Reserve Fund. Now it contains almost 3 billion rubles. In 2017, the prospects for the Reserve Fund have already been determined: it will completely dry up. Therefore, this part of the funding had to be radically changed. Now the National Welfare Fund will be involved, the value of which is 4.6 trillion. In 2017, it will empty by 0.66 trillion, and in 2018 - by 1.2 trillion. rubles.

In general, the state seeks to reduce external borrowing and the priority of internal borrowing. In terms of external debt, the Russian budget for 2017 in dollars will stop at $ 7 billion, and in subsequent years the upper limit of the loan will drop to $ 3 billion. Moreover, even these figures, according to the authorities, can be borrowed in the domestic market, in foreign currency.

The Ministry of Finance, in an explanatory note to the draft federal budget law, indicated that the total public debt in the period 2017-2019 will not exceed the safe level of 20% of GDP.

Budget expenditure structure

The smallest part in the structure of expenses for 2017 is occupied by such spheres as education and healthcare (3.5% and 2.3%, respectively). The government promises to reduce the number of budget-funded places in universities by more than 40%. Students' scholarships will also decrease. This measure is aimed at reducing education costs and will entail massive layoffs of researchers and teachers. In addition, the provision of the education development program is being reduced. In 2017, it will be cut by more than 20%.

The share of the national economy fell to 14.2%. It is planned to increase the entrepreneurial ability of the population, thereby restoring economic growth, and supporting some investment projects.

The budget in the housing and utilities sector is rapidly decreasing: in 2017, it is planned to allocate 58 billion rubles to this area, and in 2018 only 28.8 billion rubles.

The budget of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for 2017 will amount to almost 1968 billion rubles, which is 12.2% of the share of total expenses. However, this department is waiting for significant changes, first of all, they relate to staffing. Requirements not only for the professional qualities of an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are becoming more stringent, but the moral and psychological aspects of the personality of an individual employee are now playing an important role. These criteria were introduced, in part, as conditions for the reduction of staff positions. By October 2017, the number of police officers may decrease by almost 10%. This means that 100 thousand employees will be left without work. The innovations will have little effect on employees working "in the field", directly with the population (precinct, for example). The share of their reductions will be no more than 2%. Those who remain in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expect pleasant bonuses - an increase of 5% to their salaries.

Since 2015, Russia has outlined a direct course towards supporting and strengthening national defense. The military budget of Russia in 2017 will amount to 2840 billion in 2017. This is 6% less than in 2016, adjusted for inflation. It is worth noting the existence of so-called closed, secret articles in the budget. In the sphere of defense, 800 billion is planned for such an item. There are opinions that this money will be spent on early fulfillment of obligations on loans to defense enterprises in order to save interest.

Social sphere

Every year the government of the Russian Federation develops and adopts the federal budget. On November 24, 2017, the State Duma adopted the Federal Law of December 5, 2017 N 362-FZ "On the federal budget for 2018 and for the planning period of 2019 and 2020", the main document of the country regulating the principles of distribution of funds, describing the directions of economic development of the state.

The document contains the planned income, and the mandatory items of expenditure are spelled out. The main characteristic of the new budget is further cuts in government spending, which still remains above revenues.

General parameters of the RF budget for 2018

Since 2006, the federal budget in Russia is planned for a three-year period. This rule was violated when creating the document for 2008 and 2016, due to the peak of the crises. The current law again provides for a three-year state budget plan. For 2017, 2018 and 2019, the same goals and trends apply: every year the share of the deficit is reduced and the inflation rate is reduced by spending cuts.

In the current draft, the federal budget deficit in 2018 was reduced to 1.271 trillion rubles. (previously - 1.332 trillion rubles), in 2019 - up to 819.1 billion rubles. (from 867 billion rubles), in 2020 - up to 870 billion rubles. (from 960 billion rubles).

Budget revenues in 2018 will amount to 15.257 trillion rubles (previously - 15.182 trillion rubles), in 2019 - 15.554 trillion rubles. (15.548 trillion rubles), in 2020 - 16.285 trillion rubles. (16.28 trillion rubles).

Expenditures in 2018 are projected at RUB 16.529 trillion. (previously - RUB 16.515 trillion), in 2019 - RUB 16.373 trillion. (16.415 trillion rubles), in 2020 - 17.155 trillion rubles. (17.24 trillion rubles).

Earlier, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said that the main areas of federal budget spending in 2018-2020 remain the social sphere (36.4%), defense (29%) and support for the national economy (14.7%).

The Ministry of Finance has raised the forecast for the federal budget deficit for 2017 from 2.2% of GDP to 2.5% of GDP, according to the accompanying materials to the draft budget for 2018-2020. The law on the budget for 2017 and the planning period 2018-2019 provided for a budget deficit at the end of 2017 at the level of 2.1% of GDP.

Oil price and exchange rate in budgeting

Since Russia continues to be a resource-based country, that is, oil and gas producing industries generate a significant share of revenues, one of the key calculated indicators is the cost of oil on the world market. The adopted budget is based on the price of $ 40 per barrel.

At the same time, forecasts for the price of a barrel of oil by various specialists are extremely diverse. Another drop in prices to $ 40 and below is the most pessimistic forecast. Since April 2016, the indicator has not dropped below this mark, but only moved up. Today the numbers 50-55 sound more, they even admit an increase up to $ 70 per barrel. Too many factors can affect the dynamics: will the OPEC countries agree to restrain the supply of raw materials, will the United States resume shale oil production, will there be a recession in the Chinese economy, etc.

If, in reality, oil prices turn out to be higher than budgeted, as happened in 2016, the government will have the opportunity to partially compensate for the deficit. First of all, we are talking about replenishing the reserve funds, and not about additional spending.

An equally important indicator in drawing up the country's main financial document is the rate of the US dollar, the currency in which settlements are made on international transactions, including for the sale of raw materials. A further gradual and insignificant weakening of the ruble is predicted; the average rate for 2017 is 67.5 rubles per dollar. On the one hand, a cheap ruble makes imports more expensive, which means that many consumer goods will rise in price. This leads to an increase in inflation. On the other hand, the federal budget is calculated in rubles, social payments, salaries to state employees, payment of state orders is also made in rubles. Therefore, the income from oil and gas supplies at the current exchange rate, converted into domestic currency, turns out to be at the required level.

Expenditure

In order to simultaneously reduce inflation and reduce the budget deficit, when calculating the new document, the government of the Russian Federation took the reduction of budget expenditures as the leading principle: in 2017 by 6%, in the next 2 years by 9% and 11%. The President's message spoke about saving funds that were spent irrationally earlier; in practice, there will be a reduction in funding for most areas and priority state programs.

As a result, the following items of expenses were recorded:

general government expenditures - 1.135 trillion rubles;
national defense - 1.121 trillion;
security and law enforcement - 1.270 trillion;
maintaining the national economy - 2,292 trillion;
housing and communal services - 58.2 billion rubles;
environmental protection - 76.4 billion;
education - 568 billion rubles;
culture and cinematography - 94 billion;
healthcare - 377 billion;
social policy - 5.08 trillion rubles;
Mass media - 73.4 billion rubles;
physical education and sports - 89.7 billion;
servicing the state debt - 729 billion rubles;
interbudgetary transfers - 783.5 billion rubles.

Financing of health care, education (except for higher educational institutions), housing and communal services will be largely carried out at the expense of regional budgets.

About 17% of federal budget expenditures are classified, and only 6% of them are associated with spending on the country's defense and security.

What is included in national issues

The article on national issues includes the costs of supporting the activities of government bodies: the President, Government, governors, etc. This includes the salaries of officials, but it is important to note that the largest funds are intended for the Ministry of International Affairs and the President. The first point is explained by the presence of international conflicts and disagreements: the war in Syria, the Ukrainian conflict, relations with the West.

The federal budget for 2018 does not provide for unscheduled reserve costs. Potential spending on the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations, including natural disasters, the costs of fulfilling urgent orders of the Head of State are planned precisely from the funds allocated to ensure the work of the President.

Defense and security spending

The Ministry of Finance considered the easiest option to cut budgetary investments in those areas in which in recent years there was the maximum increase in funding. In particular, defense spending was discussed as exaggerated and not having a positive effect on the state of the country's economy. However, the current costs are largely a systematic solution to the task of rearmament of Russian troops, set by the President a few years earlier.

Many government orders were made before the crisis, and now it is more expedient to pay off as quickly as possible, so as not to overpay interest and prevent an extra financial burden on the budget in the coming years. And yet, in comparison with 2016, defense spending has decreased by more than 1 trillion rubles. At the same time, part of the costs related to the military is included in other budget items: support for military educational institutions - in education, arrangement of housing for military personnel - in housing and communal services, etc.

Regarding law enforcement agencies, another reduction in the number of police officers, mainly of the administrative apparatus, by 10% is expected. But the plans are to increase wages by 5%.

State investment in the economy

The volume of investments in the national economy was reduced by another 7.5% due to the termination or reduction of financing of some state economic programs. On the one hand, the suspension of federal subsidies for certain corporations and regional projects closes the road to the originally conceived development of certain industries or territories. On the other hand, public investments at the expense of the budget in these areas turn out to be ineffective, ideally, it is required to attract business investors, and the tendency to reduce expenditures under this item will continue.

So far, the following programs have suffered the greatest losses:

Socio-economic development of the Far East -50.3%,
Development of shipbuilding and equipment for the development of shelf deposits in 2013-2030 -30.3%,
Energy efficiency and energy development -27.2%,
Economic development and innovative economy -22.8%

At the same time, financing of such companies as Rosatom (77 billion rubles), Russian Railways (68 billion rubles), the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (14 billion rubles) will continue. Banks will again receive subsidies: first of all, Vnesheconombank, which is on the verge of bankruptcy (150 billion rubles), Rosselkhozbank, which provides loans to agricultural enterprises, Sberbank and VTB as part of supporting mortgage lending. The regions that are provided with the largest subsidies in 2018, as in the previous year, include Crimea, Sevastopol, the North Caucasus and the Kaliningrad region.

The fate of priority national projects

Over the past few years, the government and the President of the Russian Federation have approved 45 priority state programs. There are no resources in the 2018 budget for the full implementation of each of them. If earlier, in accordance with the Budget Code, it was allowed to leave about 2.5 percent of all expenses conditionally scheduled, they were intended for distribution to the most important projects and programs by decision of the government or the President, then this rule does not apply in the current financial document.

But the costs for several priority projects are provided:

Healthcare development - 3.84 billion rubles
Development of education for 2013-2020 - 42 billion rubles
Mortgages and rental housing - 20 billion rubles
Housing and communal services and urban environment - 10 billion rubles
International cooperation and export - 41 billion rubles
Small business and support for entrepreneurial initiative - 14.6 billion rubles
Safe and high-quality roads - 30 billion rubles
Integrated development of single-industry towns - 6.5 billion rubles
Ecology - 20.19 billion rubles

Social policy at the head of the budget

Even before the federal budget for 2018 was considered, the state promised to fulfill its social obligations under any circumstances. Even in the context of a reduction in all spending on social benefits, 620 billion more were allocated than last year. This is due, among other things, to the increase in the number of recipients of various benefits.

The main part will go to pension payments, taking into account two indexations corresponding to the actual inflation rate. At the same time, the law on the advanced growth of pensions for rural residents has been postponed for 3 years, which makes it difficult to increase the level of well-being of the poorest pensioners.

The remaining 1.4 trillion rubles will be spent on all other benefits, the indexation of which will be 8%. This item also includes the costs of implementing the extended maternity capital program. The established amount of payment for the birth of a second child remained at the level of 453 thousand rubles.

Despite the reduction in health care costs, it is planned to continue the construction of perinatal centers, equipping children's hospitals, equipping social facilities for comfortable use by people with disabilities. But many projects have been postponed indefinitely.

Sources of income

The revenue side of the budget is traditionally tax and customs duties.

Mineral extraction tax
Import and export customs duties on oil and gas
Value added tax
Excise taxes on alcohol, tobacco, fuel
Corporate income tax

About 37% of the projected budget revenues for 2018 will come from oil and gas corporations. Last year, grain sales and tourism showed significant growth; in 2018, an appropriate level of income from these areas is expected.

They continue to operate, in general, there is a decline in the turnover of most enterprises, so the total tax collections will be lower than the pre-crisis years. But since 2018, the principle of deductions from the regions of corporate income tax has changed, instead of 2%, now the federal budget will receive 3% of fees.

In order to finance the coverage of the state budget deficit, it is planned to use the reserve fund in full in the amount of 1.2 trillion rubles and the national security fund in the amount of 659.6 billion rubles. This will cover two-thirds of the total deficit. The remaining amount should be covered through internal borrowing and privatization. It is planned to place bonds of state corporations and the Bank of Russia in the amount of 1.05 trillion rubles. According to the forecasts of the Ministry of Finance, the national debt will not exceed the safe level of 20% of GDP.

Opinions differ as to whether the adopted federal budget will lead to a positive shift in the country's economic development. The main financial document of the country was created taking into account the current external political and economic circumstances. But there is still hope for the settlement of interstate differences, the lifting of sanctions, and the stabilization of oil prices at a level not lower than $ 50 per barrel.

The new federal budget was adopted by 355 deputies, 99 representatives of the State Duma do not agree with it, accusing it of irrational distribution of costs: excessive spending on the state apparatus and the banking system, insufficient financing of the agro-industrial complex, weak support of the regions and ineffective investments in economic development. The government, in turn, insists on the maximum cost reduction. More than 60% of measures are aimed at these tasks. The current time is considered not suitable for looking for additional income options. Objectively, today the Russian economy is in the process of stagnation, and it is impossible to create a balanced budget without tough measures.