1-528KP-40(unofficial name "Point Nadyozhina") - a Soviet typical series of brick residential houses, "points", erected from 1962 to the 1970s in Leningrad, as well as in some other cities. The authors of the project are famous Soviet architects N.N. Nadyozhin and V.M. Fromzel. Initially, the individual project was highly appreciated in the professional environment and was soon approved as a standard one. The house has been awarded with publications in prestigious foreign publications L "Architecture d" aujourd "hui (fr.)(France) and The Architectural Review (English)(UK) in 1964 and 1965.
History of creation[ | ]
In 1961, at the Lenproekt Institute, in OI Guriev's studio No. 3, architect NN Nadyozhin, under the guidance of the master of Stalinist neoclassicism, VM Fromzel, developed a project for a nine-storey brick "dot" residential building for 45 apartments.
The idea of this house was born like this. I was sitting at some meeting in the Union of Architects, twirling in my hands an empty box of cigarettes "Kazbek", on which a horseman rides, if you remember. He opened the box and began to draw.
It is noteworthy that initially an individual project was created by order of one of the first housing construction cooperatives in the USSR "Mayak" in the Vyborg district of Leningrad. When designing, the decisions of the meeting of future residents were taken into account. The first buildings were built in 1962 at 26 Dresdenskaya Street and 90 Toreza Avenue.
The project became an event in the architectural and construction practice of Leningrad. In contrast to the typical faceless large-panel development of “Khrushchevs”, which was widespread at that time, the new buildings had a simple, but peculiar plastic appearance: alternating multi-colored bricks in the facades, “interrupting” the number of storeys, a memorable ratio of blank walls, loggias, openings.
Apartments in these houses had an improved layout for that time: more spacious kitchens and rooms, no rooms of "carriage" proportions, rooms with windows on two sides, spacious "kopeck piece" instead of cramped "three rubles". The small building area of the building (about 300 m 2) made it easy to "introduce" it into a wide variety of areas and quarters, in contrast to extended panel houses much less maneuverable from the point of view of urban planning. In addition, these nine-story buildings were relatively inexpensive to manufacture. In fact, this project became one of the first signs in overcoming the "Khrushchevs" in mass construction, both in terms of external "decoration" and standards of planning and footage.
These features made the project very popular not only among professional architects, but also among ordinary citizens. It was recommended for reuse, and soon it was approved as a type by number 1-528KP-40... The project became all-union and was often used in cooperative construction. In total, more than three hundred houses were built on it in Leningrad. As critics have noted: "A house that has been realized many times remains a model for achieving an expressive result with the most frugal means." According to Professor Yu. I. Kurbatov, the Nadezhin project “saved” the development of new quarters of Leningrad from “gloomy monotony”.
A typical tower house got its unofficial name in honor of the author - "Nadyozhin's point", becoming the only such example in Leningrad. The project has been marked by publications in prestigious foreign publications L "Architecture d" aujourd "hui (fr.)(France) and The Architectural Review (English)(Great Britain) in 1964 and 1965, and the architect N.N. Nadezhin gained all-Union fame.
Description [ | ]
Front and right facades.
Rear and left fronts
Plan-diagram.
The series is a nine-storey "point" brick building with 45 apartments. The building area is about 300 m 2. External walls are made of unplastered bricks, in most cases - silicate (gray) with red ceramic inserts. The ceiling height is 2.5-2.7 m. The ceilings are made of hollow-core decking with a screed having a felt base.
1, 2, 3-room apartments, on each floor there are 5 apartments (1-1-2-2-3-rooms, total area- 33, 34, 47, 50 and 57 m 2, respectively), and two of them are half a floor higher than the other three. The apartments are separated by solid walls, inside the apartments are non-bearing walls. The rooms are quite spacious, there are no "corridor" types. IN one-room apartments the bathroom is combined, the rest is separate. Living rooms - 10-20 m 2, kitchen - from 6 to 8 m 2. Almost all apartments face two sides and have a balcony or loggia.
The houses are equipped with a passenger elevator (of reduced dimensions, carrying capacity 320 kg) and a garbage chute, which run in the center of the staircase and do not border any of the apartments, due to which the house has good sound insulation. Three apartments open onto the main staircase, which has a spacious loggia.
In Leningrad, buildings of this series were massively built in the 1960s, most often - along the red lines of blocks of 5-storey "Khrushchev", less often - forming their own ensembles, for example, around the Serebryany pond in the Vyborgsky district.
The series was built from 1962 to the 1970s.
Spreading[ | ]
Most of these houses were built in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region (more than 300), as well as in other cities, such as: Minsk, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda, Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga, Smolensk, Ulyanovsk, Tomsk, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur ... Including in closed towns such as Zheleznogorsk, Dimitrovgrad, Snezhinsk, Obninsk, Protvino, Novouralsk, Ozersk, Polyarnye Zori, Kirovo-Chepetsk.
Modifications [ | ]
It is known about the existence of several serial modifications of houses of the 1-528KP-40 series.
Subsequently, when adapting the project for Sosnovy Bor, the so-called "point serial configuration for 45 apartments for suburbs and closed towns" was developed. This was required by the new rules fire safety: an additional evacuation staircase was added to the structure of the house. Buildings of this modification are distinguished by additional balconies and a small protrusion on the rear facade, and sometimes by the material of the external decoration. This variant is found mainly in Leningrad region and other regions of Russia, and in St. Petersburg it is, for example, in Krasnoe Selo.
There are also buildings with various more or less significant design features... For example, houses 74 and 104k1 along Toreza Avenue have a small one-story extension, house 39 along Svetlanovsky Avenue is closely attached to the neighboring house of series 1-528KP-41/42. The buildings at 113 Metallistov Avenue and 53 Kondratyevsky Avenue have been significantly changed: they have 4 apartments per floor, all on the same level, in total - 32, 1st floor is non-residential. The buildings at 12 and 47 Kolpinskoye Highway are supplemented by large attached loggias. In Gatchina, on Academician Konstantinov Street, 5 and 7k1, houses have a large one-story extension with non-residential premises and a partially non-residential ground floor. In houses at 31, 33 and 35 Zheleznovodskaya Street in a three-room apartment, one window has been moved from the front facade to the side one.
Notes (edit) [ | ]
- , with. 39-41, 150.
- Committee for Informatization and Communication of the Government of St. Petersburg. Portal "Our St. Petersburg". House at the address St. Petersburg, Dresdenskaya street, 26. Technical and economic passport of an apartment building
- Committee for Informatization and Communication of the Government of St. Petersburg. Portal "Our St. Petersburg". House at the address St. Petersburg, Toreza Avenue, house 90. Technical and economic passport of an apartment building
- , with. 55.
- , with. 41.
- , with. 150.
- Minsk: Kalinovskogo street, 23A, Logoysky tract, 30 building. 4. Veliky Novgorod: Alexander Nevsky embankment, 25, 27, 29. Vologda: Nekrasov street, 63, 65, 67, 69. Obninsk: Star street, 5, 7, 9, 11, Komarova street, 7, 11, Lenin avenue , 92, 108, 120, 124, Engels street, 15, 17, 19. Kirovo-Chepetsk: Aleksey Nekrasov street, 7, 17, 19, Vyatskaya embankment, 1, 3, 10, 11, Kirov avenue, 11, 13, 15, Lenin street, 12, 12A, 64 bldg. 4, 66 bldg. 4, Prospect Mira, 43D, 43E, Pervomayskaya street, 3, 5, 7, 9, Yakov Tereshchenko street, 7, 9, 11, 17, 19, 21. Zheleznogorsk: Kurchatov avenue, 18, 30, 38. Polyarnye Zori: Nivsky prospect, 1, 3, 5, 15, 16. Kondopoga: Bumazhnikov street, 14 buildings 1, 2, 3, 4. Petrozavodsk: Zagorodnaya street, 26, Marshal Meretskova street, 21, 28. Novouralsk: Komsomolsky prospect, 13 , 17, 21, Furmanova street, 33, Beryozovaya alley, 7. Smolensk: October Revolution street, 24, 26, 28. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: International prospect, 2 bldg. 2, 6 bldg. 1 and 2, 8, 35, 37, 39. Khabarovsk: Gogol street, 5, 7. Ozersk: Semyonov street, 11, 19, 21, 25. Dimitrovgrad: Lenin avenue, 9, 11, 13, 17, 22, 24 , 26, 28, 40, 42, 44. Ulyanovsk: Ablukov street, 59/7, Northern Venets street, 14, 16. Snezhinsk: Lenin street, 37.
- Vyborg: Battery street, 2, 4, 6, Krivonosova street, 17, Kuibyshev street, 17, Pervomayskaya street, 13, Primorskoe highway, 4, 6, 8, 10 Repin street, 7. Veliky Novgorod: Alexander Nevsky embankment, 25, 27, 29.
- Krasnoe Selo: Gatchinskoe highway, 7 bldg. 2, Kingiseppskoe highway, 10 bldg. 3, Krasnogorodskaya street, 19 bldg. 3, Lenin Avenue, 73, Lermontov Street, 9, Narvskaya Street, 10, Osvobozhdeniye Street, 22, 26, 30, 34
Literature [ | ]
- Nadyozhina I. G. Architect N.N. Nadezhin. Projects, buildings, painting, drawing / box. I.P.Dubrovskaya. - SPb: Propylaea, 2014 .-- 164 p. - 200 copies.
- Lavrov L.P., Kurbatov Yu. I. Lessons of tact and correctness of the architect N.N. Nadezhin (1929-2005) // Ardis: journal. - SPb, 2008. - No. 4 (40).
- Myars G.I .. A word about a good person // Master`OK: magazine. - SPb, 2010. - February (No. 1 (3)). - S. 55.
- Alexander Pozdnyakov. Architects of Stalinism // St. Petersburg Vedomosti: newspaper. - 2001. - February 3 (No. 22 (2412)).
- Philip Urban."Soviet brick": from thaw to stagnation // Bulletin-Real Estate: newspaper. - 2014 .-- February 18.
- Philip Urban. Brick houses during the Khrushchev and Brezhnev period // Bulletin-Real Estate: newspaper. - 2013 .-- February 11.
- Leonid Kharitonov. Periodization of typical residential development in Kupchin since the 1950s. to n. in. ... - 2014.
- Kamensky V.A., Naumov A.I .. Leningrad. Urban development problems. - Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1973 .-- 360 p. - 20,000 copies.
Links [ | ]
- DomoStroy No. 7 (series 1-528 KP-40)... TV channel "TKT-TV". October 13, 2015.
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Series 1-528kp-40
A very widespread and rather beautiful series of nine-storey points with an original layout. The series is a 9-storey "point" brick building with 45 apartments. The color of the outer walls is almost always a combination of gray and red, the walls are not plastered. The ceiling height is 2.5 m. The ceilings are made of hollow-core decking with a screed and linoleum on a felt base. 1, 2, 3-room apartments, on each floor there are 5 apartments (1-1-2-2-3-rooms, total area - 33, 34, 47, 50 and 57 m2, respectively), and two of them are half a floor higher than the other three. In one-room apartments, the bathroom is combined, in the rest there is a separate one. Kitchen - from 6 to 8 m2. The houses are equipped with a passenger lift and a garbage chute. The developer of the project is Lenproekt, authors: Nadezhdin NN, Fromzel VM The series was built in the 1962-1970s. yy The first experimental house is located in St. Petersburg at Dresdenskaya st. 26.
In Leningrad, it was massively built in the 1960s, most often - along the red lines of the blocks of 5-storey "Khrushchevs", less often - forming its own ensembles, for example, around the Serebryany pond in the Vyborg district. In total, 365 buildings were built within the modern borders of St. Petersburg.
Characteristics of the 1-528kp-40 series:
House type - brick
Number of storeys - 9
Living quarters height - 250 cm
Apartments - 1,2,3 rooms
Manufacturer - local building materials
Years of construction - 1962-1970s.
St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, Veliky Novgorod, Petrozavodsk, Polyarnye Zori (Murmansk Region), Smolensk, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Obninsk (Kaluga Region), Novouralsk (Sverdlovsk Region), Ozersk (Chelyabinsk Region) , Kirovo-Chepetsk (Kirov region), other ZATO.
Map of the location of houses 1-528kp-40 in St. Petersburg (Leningrad)
Serial configurations:
o Point serial configuration for 45 apartments for suburbs and closed towns;
o Point serial configuration for 45 apartments for suburbs and closed towns after 1972. the buildings;
Only the lazy did not scold the Khrushchev five-story buildings: they say, they are both cold and cramped, and crack at the seams. But everything is learned by comparison. By today's standards, they fit into the category of comfort class housing.
The urban planning policy in relation to the Khrushchev five-story buildings in our century has been constantly changing: the authorities either carry out exemplary modernization of the Khrushchev buildings, then, declaring them morally and physically worn out, decide to let them go en masse for demolition. Meanwhile, the main problem of the houses of the first mass series is not at all dilapidation (they have survived no better and no worse than others), but in the fact that, according to the authorities, the five-storey building has a low density and occupies territories that are too attractive by location.
Therefore, despite all the "horror stories" about the dilapidation and accident rate of Khrushchev houses, the apartments in them are in stable demand and are by no means the most affordable housing. According to BN, average price an ordinary one-room apartment without pronounced defects in a panel five-story building fluctuates near the psychological mark of 3 million rubles. Below this value, at 2.8-2.9 million rubles, are estimated "odnushki" on the first and last floors, as well as windows on busy highways (which is a rarity in Khrushchev's buildings). Suburban Khrushchevs, located in "inconvenience" or at a considerable distance from the main transport hubs, sometimes offer at record low prices - from 2.2 million rubles. But such prices are the exception rather than the rule.
What is the reason for the consumer interest in apartments in panel houses the first mass series? Are they really morally and physically obsolete?
Plus for minus
Half a century ago, a joke appeared that Khrushchev combined a bathroom with a toilet, but could not combine the floor with the ceiling: fellow citizens, sharp-tongued, ridiculed the new standards of economical mass housing - 2.5 m ceilings and combined bathrooms. But unlike today's designers, the ideologues of mass housing construction of the late 1950s did not think to come up with studio apartments, combining showers with hallways, and rooms with kitchens. Thus, the layouts set by the standards of half a century ago, in fact, turned out to be quite humane. And this is the first argument for the buyer of an apartment in Khrushchev.
The second is that for half a century the Khrushchevs have shown themselves to be extremely reliable and unpretentious in the operation of the house. In them there are no overlaps that have sagged, as in the old fund. And due to their design features, the five-story panel buildings with welded joints turned out to be exceptionally strong buildings: in particular, on the basis of the Leningrad five-story buildings, already in the 1970s, they developed and built houses for earthquake-prone regions of the former USSR.
And finally, everyone, and not only real estate agents, already knows that the liquidity of real estate is determined by three characteristics: place, place and again place. With the growth of megacities, the main areas of Khrushchev's development turned from urban outskirts into habitable and lush green areas with developed transport and social infrastructure.
The disadvantages of five-story buildings of the first mass series are also well known to potential buyers. They do not have an elevator or garbage chute. Due to the lack of an attic, apartments on the upper floors tend to get hot in summer and cold in winter. The first floor is also not very comfortable because of the dampness in the basement (therefore, "extreme" apartments are always significantly cheaper).
Refusal of excesses
The history of mass panel housing construction began in 1955, when the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction," separate apartment. The basis for the design of Khrushchevs was laid by the building standards of 1957, which provided for the height living quarters from floor to ceiling 2.5 m, miniature (from 4.5 sq. m), kitchens, as well as adjoining rooms and combined bathrooms. The pantry (or built-in wardrobe), bedrooms (6 sq. M. For one person, 8 sq. M. For two), a common room (not less than 14 sq. M.) Were called as mandatory elements of the apartment.
The most common series of panel Khrushchevs of the first mass series are 1-507 / 1-504, 1-335, GI, OD. But not all Khrushchevs are exactly large-panel houses. There are also "brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527). The basis for the design of second-generation panel houses, the so-called brezhnevkas, which replaced the Khrushchevs, were laid by the building standards of 1963, which increased the minimum kitchen area from 4.5 to 9 square meters. m and did not allow the device of combined bathrooms. Meanwhile, really new norms, suggesting the construction of "houses with improved layouts" began to be introduced only in 1965, and in parallel, up to the beginning of the 1970s, five-story panel houses of the first generation continued to be built.
Coldest and warmest
Khrushchevs are considered the coldest housing. But not all. "Brick" series (1-528KP and its modifications), as well as houses with external walls made of brick blocks (1-527), in principle, are not inferior in terms of thermophysical properties to "Stalinist" houses. Series 1-507 with an outer wall thickness of 40 cm is also not the worst option in this respect. Heat loss record holders are houses of the GI, OD and 1-335 series. Moreover, the most problematic are corner and three-sided apartments of the end sections, as well as apartments located on the fifth floors.
Some owners of such apartments try to insulate them from the inside, creating a "layer cake" of mineral wool boards and drywall on a wooden frame. Alas, this is ineffective. Thermal insulation of external walls, especially of apartments located in the end sections, is a serious problem. The only reasonable solution to the problem is modern windows with double-glazed windows and claims against representatives of operating organizations, whose tasks include repairing facades and updating interpanel joints.
Unlike the houses of the later series, during the early "Khrushchevism" there was still no tendency to lay linoleum directly on a concrete base. As a rule, the houses of the first mass series have parquet or plank floors laid on logs made of planks or beams. This design creates quite acceptable interfloor sound insulation, but since construction, as a rule, was carried out in an emergency mode, the space between the floor logs was often filled with sand.
Hence - the indestructible dust and the eternally "walking" floors. At overhaul Such an apartment with replacement of floors has to remove a lot of garbage with "artifacts" from the times of shock construction projects - empty bottles and cans.
Prolonged probationary period
St. Petersburg Khrushchev buildings have been in operation for nearly sixty years. Therefore, for the blackened facades with crumbling facing tiles, blown interpanel joints and shabby porches, one should thank not the builders, but representatives of repair and maintenance organizations who have been mercilessly exploiting these houses for half a century, forgetting about repairs.
Meanwhile, due to their compactness, Khrushchevs are extremely maintainable, and their modernization is able to solve all problems, except for the disadvantage square meters... At the beginning of our century, targeted programs for the reorganization of urban five-story buildings appeared, involving the insulation of facades and the replacement of communications, allowing the Khrushchevs to live an unlimited period of time. Typical project, providing for modernization without resettlement, was developed by the State Unitary Enterprise "UKS Restoration". The recommended work included cosmetic repairs, insulation of external walls, basement and under-roof ceilings, ventilation blocks, replacement of balcony doors and windows, and equipping with heat metering devices. However, by 2008, the renovation of the houses of the first mass series was curtailed: for the city budget, the costs were too high, and for investors - the kingdom is not enough, not to roam.
Therefore, it makes sense to be skeptical about the statements of builders that some houses are easier to demolish, and in their place to build new ones. It is, of course, more interesting for them to master funds on a grand scale. But it is not a fact that new construction technologies for the construction of economical housing, as well as economy-class houses that are being built today, will also successfully withstand a half-century trial period.
Five-story houses of the first mass series
Series 1-528KP ("brick Khrushchev")
The development of this series began even before the memorable Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the elimination of excesses in design and construction." Gable iron roofs, bay windows and 2.7 m ceilings are atypical for the Khrushchev period, therefore such houses are sometimes called late "Stalinist" buildings. Nevertheless, the massive volumes of development, the standardization of all parameters, as well as the miserable layouts of apartments, are given out in the five-story houses of the 528th series of Khrushchevs. There are no "excesses" here: the area of apartments is only slightly higher than those indicated by the standards of 1957: kitchens - an average of 5.2 square meters. m, large rooms (in one-room apartments) and common rooms (in two-room apartments) - from 17 to 19 sq. m, bedrooms - 11.2 or 8.5 sq. m.
Series 1-507
The most massive, and, most likely, the most successful type of the first generation of St. Petersburg five-story buildings. Two experimental houses of the 507 series appeared in 1956, and after putting it on the assembly line in 1959, its modifications were built in almost all districts of the city until 1972. The number of entrances in such houses is from three to eight; there are four apartments on each floor. Of all the panel five-story buildings of the first generation, these houses are the warmest, and their sound insulation (primarily due to successful layouts) is better than in other similar houses. All apartments have built-in wardrobes, and in two- and three-room apartments they can be very spacious - up to 2.3 sq. m.
Series 1-335
Five-story buildings in this series are associated with Citizen and Malaya Okhta. The main site for testing this type of panel houses with external walls made of lightweight expanded clay concrete panels with a mineral wool insulation layer was the Kalininsky District. They began to be produced in 1959 and were discontinued in 1966. In general, the layouts of such houses (four apartments per floor) are similar to those in the houses of the 507 series: exactly the same balconies, large storage rooms in distant adjacent rooms. But the combined bathrooms and miniature hallways made it possible to increase the area of the kitchens up to 7 sq. m.
OD series
On a massive scale, houses of the OD series were erected in the Nevsky District (there are more than two hundred of them). There is also a small area in Kupchino (in the quarters between Bukharestskaya Street and Volkovsky Prospekt), as well as in the Moskovsky District. In terms of planning features, these houses are a copy of the most massive and "exemplary" Moscow series K-7. Decent - in comparison with other Khrushchevs - layouts: separate bathrooms, not the smallest kitchens (about 7 square meters), spacious rooms of correct proportions from 11 to 18 square meters. m.
In terms of the quality of sound insulation and the level of heat loss, these houses are one of the most problematic: a layer of mineral wool insulation is provided in the external wall panels, which has become soaked and destroyed over many years of operation. A similar structure of the outer wall was declared insolvent shortly after the start of production, and the construction of houses of the OD series was stopped in 1966.
Another unpleasant feature of such houses is thin partitions inside the apartment (only 4 cm), on which it is impossible to hang wall cabinets.
GI series
The nomenclature of the series includes three modifications of five-story buildings. The outer walls in them are made of lightweight aerated concrete panels. Feature - two apartments per floor. Because of this, one- and two-room apartments not provided in the basic project. But all three-, four- and five-room apartments are double-sided, and in the end sections there are three-sided ones.
Borrowings are clearly guessed in the layouts of such apartments, they resemble post-war European social housing: "halls" from 15 to 22 square meters. m, through which you can go into miniature kitchens, separated from the living rooms by an opening without a door, tiny bedrooms from 6 to 8 sq. m.
In addition to five-story buildings, the GI series includes several options for eight- and nine-story "point" houses. They "collected" one- and two-room apartments, which were "not given" to five-story buildings.
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(English)Russian (Great Britain) in 1964 and 1965.History of creation
In 1961 at the Lenproekt Institute in workshop No. 3 O.I. Guryeva an architect N.N. Nadezhin under the guidance of a master Stalinist neoclassicism V.M. Fromsel a project was developed for a nine-storey brick "point" residential building with 45 apartments.
It is noteworthy that initially an individual project was created by order of one of the first in USSR housing cooperatives"Lighthouse" in Vyborg district Leningrad... When designing, the decisions of the meeting of future residents were taken into account. The first buildings were built in 1962 at addresses Dresden street, building 26, and Torez Avenue, house 90.
The project became an event in the architectural and construction practice of Leningrad. In contrast to the typical faceless large-panel buildings widespread at that time “ Khrushchev"The new buildings had a simple, but peculiar plastic appearance: alternation of multi-colored bricks in the facades," interruption "of storeys, a memorable ratio of blank walls, loggias, openings.
Apartments in these houses had an improved layout for that time: more spacious kitchens and rooms, no rooms of "carriage" proportions, rooms with windows on two sides, spacious "kopeck piece" instead of cramped "three rubles". The small building area (about 300 m 2) made it easy to "implement" it in a variety of areas and quarters, in contrast to the much less maneuverable in terms of urban planning extended panel houses. In addition, these nine-story buildings were relatively inexpensive to manufacture. In fact, this project became one of the first signs in overcoming “ Khrushchevschina"In mass construction, as in terms of external" embellishments"And standards of planning and footage.
These features made the project very popular not only among professional architects, but also among ordinary citizens. It was recommended for reuse and soon approved. as a typical behind the number 1-528KP-40... The project became all-union and was often used in cooperative construction. In total, more than three hundred houses were built on it in Leningrad. As critics have noted: "A house that has been realized many times remains a model for achieving an expressive result with the most frugal means." According to the professor Yu.I. Kurbatova, the Nadezhin project “saved” the development of new quarters of Leningrad from “gloomy monotony”.
A typical tower house got its unofficial name in honor of the author - "Nadyozhin's point", becoming the only such example in Leningrad. The project has been marked by publications in prestigious foreign publications L "Architecture d" aujourd "hui (fr.)Russian (France) and The Architectural Review (English)Russian (Great Britain) in 1964 and 1965, and the architect N.N.Nadyozhin gained all-Union fame.
Description
The series is a nine-storey "point" brick building with 45 apartments. The building area is about 300 m 2. External walls made of unplastered bricks, in most cases - silicate (gray) with red ceramic inserts. The ceiling height is 2.5-2.7 m. The ceilings are made of hollow-core decking with a screed having a felt base.
1, 2, 3-room apartments, on each floor there are 5 apartments (1-1-2-2-3-rooms, total area - 33, 34, 47, 50 and 57 m 2, respectively), two of them are half a floor higher than the other three. The apartments are separated by solid walls, inside the apartments are non-bearing walls. The rooms are quite spacious, there are no "corridor" types. In one-room apartments bathroom combined, in the rest - separate. Living rooms - 10-20 m 2, Kitchen - from 6 to 8 m 2. Almost all apartments face two sides and have a balcony or loggia.
The houses are equipped with a passenger lift and a garbage chute, which run in the center of the staircase and do not border any of the apartments, so the house has good sound insulation. Three apartments open onto the main staircase, which has a spacious loggia.
In Leningrad, buildings of this series were massively built in the 1960s, most often - along the red lines of the blocks of 5-storey "Khrushchev", less often - forming their own ensembles, for example, around Silver pond in the Vyborg district.
The series was built from 1962 to the 1970s.
Spreading
Most of these houses were built in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region(more than 300), as well as in other cities, such as: Minsk , Velikiy Novgorod , Vologda , Petrozavodsk , Kondopoga , Smolensk , Ulyanovsk , Tomsk , Khabarovsk , Komsomolsk-on-Amur... Including in closed towns, such as Zheleznogorsk , Dimitrovgrad , Snezhinsk , Obninsk , Novouralsk , Ozersk , Polar dawns , Kirovo-Chepetsk.
Modifications
 |
 |
It is known about the existence of several serial modifications of houses of the 1-528KP-40 series.
Subsequently, when adapting the project for Pine forest the so-called "point serial configuration for 45 apartments for the suburbs and closed towns". This was required by the new fire safety rules: an additional evacuation staircase was added to the structure of the house. Buildings of this modification are distinguished by additional balconies and a small protrusion on the rear facade, and sometimes by the material of the external decoration. This option is found mainly in the Leningrad region and other regions of Russia, and in St. Petersburg it is, for example, in Krasnoe Selo.
There are also buildings with various more or less significant design features. For example, houses 74 and 104 k1 on Torez Avenue have a small one-story annex, house 39 Svetlanovsky Prospect closely attached to the neighboring house of the series 1-528KP-41/42... Buildings on the avenue Metalists 113 and Kondratyevsky prospect 53 are significantly changed: they have 4 apartments per floor, all on the same level, in total - 32, 1st floor is non-residential. Buildings on Kolpinskoe highway 12 and 47 are complemented by large attached loggias. IN Gatchina on Akademika Konstantinov Street 5 and 7k1, the houses have a large one-story extension with non-residential premises and a partially non-residential ground floor. In houses at Zheleznovodsk 31, 33 and 35 in three-room apartment one window was moved from the front facade to the side one.
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Notes (edit)
- , with. 39-41, 150.
- , with. 55.
- , with. 41.
- , with. 150.
- Minsk: Kalinovskogo street, 23A, Logoysky tract, 30 building. 4. Veliky Novgorod: Alexander Nevsky embankment, 25, 27, 29. Vologda: Nekrasov street, 63, 65, 67, 69. Obninsk: Star street, 5, 7, 9, 11, Komarova street, 7, 11, Lenin avenue , 92, 108, 120, 124, Engels street, 15, 17, 19. Kirovo-Chepetsk: Aleksey Nekrasov street, 7, 17, 19, Vyatskaya embankment, 1, 3, 10, 11, Kirov avenue, 11, 13, 15, Lenin street, 12, 12A, 64 bldg. 4, 66 bldg. 4, Prospect Mira, 43D, 43E, Pervomayskaya street, 3, 5, 7, 9, Yakov Tereshchenko street, 7, 9, 11, 17, 19, 21. Zheleznogorsk: Kurchatov avenue, 18, 30, 38. Polyarnye Zori: Nivsky prospect, 1, 3, 5, 15, 16. Kondopoga: Bumazhnikov street, 14 buildings 1, 2, 3, 4. Petrozavodsk: Zagorodnaya street, 26, Marshal Meretskova street, 21, 28. Novouralsk: Komsomolsky prospect, 13 , 17, 21, Furmanova street, 33, Beryozovaya alley, 7. Smolensk: October Revolution street, 24, 26, 28. Komsomolsk-on-Amur: International prospect, 2 bldg. 2, 6 bldg. 1 and 2, 8, 35, 37, 39. Khabarovsk: Gogol street, 5, 7. Ozersk: Semyonov street, 11, 19, 21, 25. Dimitrovgrad: Lenin avenue, 9, 11, 13, 17, 22, 24 , 26, 28, 40, 42, 44. Ulyanovsk: Ablukov street, 59/7, Northern Venets street, 14, 16. Snezhinsk: Lenin street, 37.
- Vyborg: Battery street, 2, 4, 6, Krivonosova street, 17, Kuibyshev street, 17, Pervomayskaya street, 13, Primorskoe highway, 4, 6, 8, 10 Repin street, 7. Veliky Novgorod: Alexander Nevsky embankment, 25, 27, 29.
- Krasnoe Selo: Gatchinskoe highway, 7 bldg. 2, Kingiseppskoe highway, 10 bldg. 3, Krasnogorodskaya street, 19 bldg. 3, Lenin Avenue, 73, Lermontov Street, 9, Narvskaya Street, 10, Osvobozhdeniye Street, 22, 26, 30, 34
Literature
- Nadyozhina I. G. Architect N.N. Nadezhin. Projects, buildings, painting, drawing / box. I.P.Dubrovskaya. - SPb: Propylaea, 2014 .-- 164 p. - 200 copies.
- Lavrov L.P., Kurbatov Yu. I.// Ardis: log. - SPb, 2008. - No. 4 (40).
- Myars G.I ..// Master`OK: magazine. - SPb, 2010. - February (No. 1 (3)). - S. 55.
- Alexander Pozdnyakov.// St. Petersburg Vedomosti: newspaper. - 2001. - February 3 (No. 22 (2412)).
- Philip Urban.// Bulletin-Real Estate: newspaper. - 2014 .-- February 18.
- Philip Urban.// Bulletin-Real Estate: newspaper. - 2013 .-- February 11.
- Leonid Kharitonov. . - 2014.
- Kamensky V.A., Naumov A.I .. Leningrad. Urban development problems. - Leningrad: Stroyizdat, 1973 .-- 360 p. - 20,000 copies.
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Excerpt characterizing 1-528KP-40 (series of houses)
Suddenly Prince Hippolytus got up and, with signs of his hands, stopping everyone and asking them to sit down, spoke:- Ah! aujourd "hui on m" a raconte une anecdote moscovite, charmante: il faut que je vous en regale. Vous m "excusez, vicomte, il faut que je raconte en russe. Autrement on ne sentira pas le sel de l" histoire. [Today they told me a lovely Moscow anecdote; they need to help you. Excuse me, Viscount, I will speak in Russian, otherwise all the salt of the anecdote will disappear.]
And Prince Ippolit began to speak Russian with the same reprimand as the French, who had spent a year in Russia. Everyone paused: so lively, Prince Hippolytus insistently demanded attention to his history.
- There is one lady in Moscou, une dame. And she is very stingy. She needed two valets de pied per carriage. And very tall. It was to her liking. And she had une femme de chambre [maid], still very tall. She said…
Here Prince Hippolyte became thoughtful, apparently with difficulty thinking.
“She said ... yes, she said: 'girl (a la femme de chambre), put on the livree [livery] and come with me, behind the carriage, faire des visites.' [make visits.]
Here Prince Hippolytus snorted and laughed much before his listeners, which made an impression unfavorable for the narrator. However, many, including an elderly lady and Anna Pavlovna, smiled.
- She went. Suddenly there was a strong wind. The girl lost her hat, and her long hair was combed ...
Then he could no longer hold on and began to laugh abruptly, and through this laugh he said:
- And the whole world learned ...
That was the end of the anecdote. Although it was not clear why he was telling it and why he had to be told in Russian, Anna Pavlovna and others appreciated the secular courtesy of Prince Hippolytus, who so pleasantly ended Monsieur Pierre's unpleasant and unfriendly trick. The conversation after the anecdote disintegrated into small, insignificant rumors about the future and the past ball, the performance, about when and where who would see each other.
After thanking Anna Pavlovna for her charmante soiree, [a charming evening] the guests began to disperse.
Pierre was awkward. Fat, taller than usual, wide, with huge red hands, he, as they say, did not know how to enter the salon and was even less able to get out of it, that is, before going out to say something especially pleasant. Moreover, he was absent-minded. Rising, instead of his hat, he grabbed a three-cornered hat with a general's plume and held it, tugging at the sultan, until the general asked to return it. But all his absent-mindedness and inability to enter the salon and speak in it were redeemed by an expression of good nature, simplicity and modesty. Anna Pavlovna turned to him and, with Christian meekness expressing forgiveness for his trick, nodded to him and said:
“I hope to see you again, but I also hope that you will change your minds, my dear Monsieur Pierre,” she said.
When she said this to him, he didn’t say anything, he just bent down and showed everyone once again his smile, which didn’t say anything, except this: "Opinions are opinions, and you see what a kind and nice guy I am." And everyone, and Anna Pavlovna, involuntarily felt this.
Prince Andrey went out into the hall and, putting his shoulders to the footman who was putting on his cloak, listened indifferently to the chatter of his wife with Prince Hippolytus, who also went out into the hall. Prince Hippolytus stood beside a pretty pregnant princess and stubbornly looked straight at her through his lorgnette.
“Go, Annette, you’ll catch a cold,” said the little princess, saying goodbye to Anna Pavlovna. - C "est arrete, [Resolved,]" she added quietly.
Anna Pavlovna had already managed to talk with Liza about the matchmaking that she was up to between Anatole and the sister-in-law of the little princess.
“I rely on you, dear friend,” said Anna Pavlovna, also quietly, “you will write to her and tell me, comment le pere envisagera la chose. Au revoir, [How the father looks at the case. Goodbye,] - and she left the hall.
Prince Hippolyte went up to the little princess and, bending his face close to her, began to say something to her in a half whisper.
Two footmen, one a princess, the other his, waiting for them to finish speaking, stood with a shawl and a coat and listened to them, incomprehensible to them, French talk with such faces, as if they understood what was being said, but did not want to show it. The princess, as always, spoke smiling and listened laughing.
“I’m very glad that I didn’t go to the messenger,” said Prince Ippolit: “boredom… It's a wonderful evening, isn't it, wonderful?
“They say that the ball will be very good,” answered the princess, pulling up her lips with her mustache. “All the beautiful women of society will be there.
- Not all, because you will not be there; not all, ”said Prince Ippolit, laughing joyfully, and, seizing the shawl from the footman, even pushed it and began to put it on the princess.
From embarrassment or deliberately (no one could make out this), he did not give up for a long time when the shawl was already put on, and seemed to embrace a young woman.
She gracefully, but still smiling, pulled away, turned and looked at her husband. Prince Andrew's eyes were closed: so he seemed tired and sleepy.
- You are ready? He asked his wife, looking around her.
Prince Hippolytus hastily put on his coat, which, in a new way, was longer than his heels, and, getting confused in it, ran to the porch after the princess, whom the footman was putting into the carriage.
- Princesse, au revoir, [Princess, good-bye,] - he shouted, confused by his tongue as well as his legs.
The princess, picking up her dress, sat down in the darkness of the carriage; her husband was adjusting his saber; Prince Ippolit, under the pretext of serving, interfered with everyone.
- Pa, sir, sir, - prince Andrei turned dryly and unpleasantly in Russian to Prince Ippolit, who was preventing him from passing.
“I’m waiting for you, Pierre,” said the same voice of Prince Andrey affectionately and tenderly.
The postilion started, and the carriage rattled its wheels. Prince Hippolytus laughed abruptly, standing on the porch and waiting for the Viscount, whom he promised to take home.
“Eh bien, mon cher, votre petite princesse est tres bien, tres bien,” said the viscount, sitting in the carriage with Hippolytus. - Mais tres bien. He kissed the tips of his fingers. - Et tout a fait francaise. [Well, my dear, your little princess is very sweet! Very sweet and perfect French.]
Hippolyte laughed with a snort.
“Et savez vous que vous etes terrible avec votre petit air innocent,” continued the Viscount. - Je plains le pauvre Mariei, ce petit officier, qui se donne des airs de prince regnant .. [Do you know, you are a terrible person, despite your innocent appearance. I feel sorry for the poor husband, this officer who poses as a sovereign person.]
Hippolytus snorted again and said through laughter:
- Et vous disiez, que les dames russes ne valaient pas les dames francaises. Il faut savoir s "y prendre. [And you said that Russian ladies are worse than French ones. You have to be able to take it.]
Pierre, having arrived ahead, like a man at home, went into Prince Andrew's study and immediately, out of habit, lay down on the sofa, took the first book he found from the shelf (these were Caesar's Notes) and began, leaning back, to read it from the middle.
- What have you done with m lle Scherer? She's going to be completely ill now, ”said Prince Andrei, entering the study, and rubbing his small, white hands.
Pierre turned his whole body, so that the sofa creaked, turned his lively face to Prince Andrey, smiled and waved his hand.
- No, this abbot is very interesting, but he does not understand the matter that way ... In my opinion, eternal peace is possible, but I do not know how to say it ... But only not with political balance ...
Prince Andrew was apparently not interested in these abstract conversations.
- You can't, mon cher, [my dear,] everywhere say whatever you think. Well, well, have you finally decided on something? Will you be a cavalier or a diplomat? - asked Prince Andrey after a moment's silence.
Pierre sat down on the sofa, tucking his legs under him.
- You can imagine, I still don't know. I don't like either one or the other.
- But you have to decide on something? Your father is waiting.
From the age of ten, Pierre was sent abroad with the tutor by the abbot, where he stayed until the age of twenty. When he returned to Moscow, his father dismissed the abbot and said young man: “Now you go to Petersburg, look around and choose. I agree to everything. Here's a letter to Prince Vasil, and here's your money. Write about everything, I will help you in everything. " Pierre had been choosing a career for three months and did nothing. Prince Andrew spoke to him about this choice. Pierre rubbed his forehead.
“But he must be a Mason,” he said, meaning the abbot he had seen at the party.
- All this is nonsense, - Prince Andrey stopped him again, - let's talk better about the case. Have you been in the Horse Guards? ...
- No, I wasn't, but that's what came to my mind, and I wanted to tell you. Now the war is against Napoleon. If it were a war for freedom, I would understand, I would be the first to enter the military service; but helping England and Austria against the greatest man in the world ... it's not good ...
Prince Andrew only shrugged his shoulders at Pierre's childish speeches. He pretended that such nonsense should not be answered; but it was really difficult to answer this naive question with anything other than what Prince Andrew answered.
“If everyone fought only for their own convictions, there would be no war,” he said.
“That would be great,” said Pierre.
Prince Andrew chuckled.
- It may well be that it would be wonderful, but it will never be ...
- Well, why are you going to war? Pierre asked.
- For what? I do not know. It should be so. Besides, I'm going… ”He stopped. - I am going because this life that I am leading here, this life is not for me!
A woman's dress rustled in the next room. As if waking up, Prince Andrey shook himself, and his face assumed the same expression that it had in Anna Pavlovna's drawing room. Pierre swung his legs off the sofa. The princess entered. She was already in a different, homely, but equally elegant and fresh dress. Prince Andrew got up, politely moving her armchair.
- Why, I often think, - she began to speak, as always, in French, hastily and busily sitting down in a chair, - why Anet did not get married? How stupid you are, messurs that you didn't marry her. Excuse me, but you do not understand anything about women. What a debater you are, Monsieur Pierre.
- I argue everything with your husband; I don’t understand why he wants to go to war, ”said Pierre, without any hesitation (so common in the relationship of a young man to a young woman) addressing the princess.
The princess perked up. Apparently, Pierre's words touched her heart.
- Ah, here I am saying the same! - she said. - I don’t understand, I absolutely don’t understand why men cannot live without war? Why do we women want nothing, we do not need anything? Well, here you are, be the judge. I tell him everything: here he is uncle's adjutant, the most brilliant position. Everyone knows him so much, so much appreciates him. The other day at the Apraksins' I heard a lady ask: "c" est ca le fameux prince Andre? " Ma parole d "honneur! [Is this the famous Prince Andrew? Honestly!] She laughed. - It is so accepted everywhere. He can very easily be an aide-de-camp as well. You know, the sovereign spoke to him very graciously. Anet and I spoke, it would be very easy to arrange. What do you think?
Pierre looked at Prince Andrew and, noticing that his friend did not like this conversation, did not answer.
- When are you going? - he asked.
- Ah! ne me parlez pas de ce depart, ne m "en parlez pas. Je ne veux pas en entendre parler, [Ah, don't tell me about this departure! I don't want to hear about it,]" the princess spoke in such a capriciously playful tone as she talked to Hippolyte in the living room, and who obviously did not go to the family circle, where Pierre was, as it were, a member. ”Today, when I thought that I had to break off all this dear relationship ... And then, you know, Andre? She blinked significantly at her husband, "J" ai peur, j "ai peur! [I'm scared, I'm scared!]" She whispered, shuddering her back.
The husband looked at her with such an air, as if he was surprised to notice that someone else, besides him and Pierre, was in the room; and with cold courtesy he turned inquiringly to his wife:
- What are you afraid of, Lisa? I can't understand, ”he said.
- That's how all men are selfish; everyone, everyone is selfish! Because of his own whims, God knows why, he throws me, locks me in the village alone.
“With your father and sister, do not forget,” said Prince Andrey quietly.
- All the same, alone, without my friends ... And he wants me not to be afraid.
Her tone was already grumpy, her sponge rose, giving her face not a joyful, but a brutal, squirrel-like expression. She fell silent, as if finding it indecent to talk about her pregnancy in front of Pierre, when that was the essence of the matter.
- All the same, I did not understand, de quoi vous avez peur, [What are you afraid of,] - Prince Andrew said slowly, not taking his eyes off his wife.
The princess blushed and frantically waved her hands.
- Non, Andre, je dis que vous avez tellement, tellement change ... [No, Andrei, I say: you have changed so much ...]
“Your doctor tells you to go to bed earlier,” said Prince Andrew. - You should go to sleep.
The princess said nothing, and suddenly the short, mustache-like sponge trembled; Prince Andrey, getting up and shrugging his shoulders, walked across the room.
Pierre looked with surprise and naiveness through his spectacles first at him, then at the princess and stirred, as if he also wanted to get up, but again hesitated.
“What does it matter to me that Monsieur Pierre is here,” said the little princess suddenly, and her pretty face suddenly dissolved into a tearful grimace. - I wanted to tell you for a long time, Andre: why did you change so much to me? What did I do to you? You go to the army, you do not pity me. For what?
- Lise! - just said Prince Andrew; but this word contained both a request and a threat, and, most importantly, an assurance that she herself would repent of her words; but she hastily continued:
“You treat me like a sick person or a child. I see everything. Were you like that six months ago?
“Lise, I ask you to stop,” said Prince Andrey even more expressively.
Pierre, more and more agitated during this conversation, got up and went up to the princess. He seemed unable to bear the sight of tears and was ready to cry himself.
- Calm down, princess. It seems so to you, because I assure you, I myself experienced ... why ... because ... No, excuse me, a stranger is superfluous here ... No, calm down ... Goodbye ...
Prince Andrew stopped him by the hand.
- No, wait, Pierre. The princess is so kind that she will not want to deprive me of the pleasure of spending the evening with you.
- No, he only thinks of himself, - said the princess, not holding back angry tears.
