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1. Standard No. 36 "Asset Impairment". Standard scope

2. Basic rules for conducting an impairment test

3. Recognition of impairment losses

4. Restore impairment losses

5. Requirements for disclosure of information in notes

List of used literature

1. Standard№ 36 "Asset impairment." Standard scope

In international standards financial statements (IFRS) The issue of assets is governed by Standard (IAS) 36 "Asset Impairment", which describes the procedure for identifying assets impairment and an approach to the impairment of assets in accounting and reporting.

The asset is considered impaired if the enterprise cannot induce its balance value by using or selling. International Financial Reporting Standards prohibit reflects in the balance sheet assets in excess of the recoverable one. To fulfill this requirement, they need to be checked for impairment in certain cases. Essentially, one of the main tasks of IFRS 36 is to ensure the implementation of the principle of diligence according to which the assets and income of the organization should not be overestimated, and obligations and expenses are understated.

This standard is applied to account for impairment of all assets, except:

Stocks (see IAS 2 "Reserves" );

Assets arising from construction contracts (see IFRS (IAS)) 11 "Building contracts");

Delay tax assets (see IAS 12 "Profit Taxes");

Assets arising from employee remuneration (see IAS 19 "Employee Rewards");

Financial assets to which IAS 39 "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement" is distributed;

Investment property measured by fair value (See IAS 40 "Investment Property" );

Related to agricultural activities of biological assets, which are measured at fair value less settlement costs at the time of implementation (see IAS 41 "Agriculture" );

Deferred costs for the acquisition, as well as intangible assets arising from the terms of insurer's rights insurance agreements in accordance with IFRS 4 "Insurance Contracts" ;

Long-term assets (or disposal groups) are classified as intended for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 "Long-term assets intended for sale and terminated activities" .

Investment in subsidiaries;

Investment in associates;

Investment in joint ventures;

Investment in financial leasing;

Fixed assets;

Intangible assets;

Investment property;

Goodwill.

To answer the question, what exactly should reflect the value of the asset in the balance sheet (and, accordingly, in relation to which value to determine the overestimated cost), it suffices to refer to the definition of the asset. In accordance with the "principles of preparation and preparation of financial statements", an asset is a resource controlled by the company that emerged as a result of previous events from which the company expects economic benefits in the future, the cost of which can be reliably evaluated. Thus, the cost of an asset in the balance sheet should reflect the economic benefit that the company will receive from this asset in the future.

In terms of assets, the principle of diligence is expressed in the requirement that assets in the balance sheet are shown at cost not exceeding the economic benefit that the company can receive from these assets.

There are two possible options obtaining economic benefits from the asset: use for destination or sale. It is logical that the company will choose a maximum of the possible benefits - to operate or sell. The economic benefit that the company can receive from the use of an asset for its intended purpose was called the value of use. It is the sum of discounted future cash flows from the asset under consideration. The benefit from the sale of an asset reflects the fair value less costs for sale.

Fair cost less costs for sale is the amount that can be obtained from the sale of an asset in the transaction between independent, well-aware, who want to make this transaction by the parties.

The highest possible benefit that the company can get from the asset, the standard refers to as a reimbursable value or the recoverable amount of the asset. The definition of the recoverable value is to choose a maximum of two values \u200b\u200b- the value of the use of an asset or its fair value less costs for sale (that is, in choosing a maximum of possible benefits - the use of an asset asset or its sale).

The carrying amount of the asset should not exceed the economic benefit that the company is able to receive from the asset, that is, the test of an asset on impairment consists in choosing the minimum of the values \u200b\u200b- the balance value of the asset or its recoverable value.

If the carrying amount of the asset is more than its recoverable cost, then it is necessary:

1. Reduce the value of the asset in the balance sheet to its recoverable value;

2. Refundable impairment in The size of the carrying amount of the asset is minus its recoverable cost.

After accounting for impairment, the adjusted book value of the asset is amortized over the remaining useful service life. At the same time, depreciation deductions are calculated in the usual way in accordance with IFRS 16 "Fixed Tools": (adjusted Balance Cost - Liquidation Cost) / The remaining useful service life of the asset.

The recoverable cost is determined for individual assets, except when it is impossible to determine the value of the use of a separate asset - that is, if the asset does not provide an independent cash flow. In this situation, the reimbursable value must be determined for the so-called unit generating cashto which the asset belongs.

Money generating unit (EMDS ) - This is the smallest determined group of assets of the company, which creates a flow of cash, practically independent of the inflows of funds for other assets (or groups of assets) of the company.

As an example, the EMDS can be brought by an airport (a totality of airport assets), as aircraft, the air-building building and the runway generate funds in the aggregate.

Thus, the EMS assets include assets that can be directly attributed to such a group, as well as assets distributed on it based on a reasonable and reasonable basis (distributed corporate and shared assets). The database of the distribution of corporate and jointly used assets may be, for example, the turnover of the EMDS or the weighted average useful life of the EMDS assets.

The standard clarifies that if any group of assets makes products for the internal needs of the company, but for this product there is an active market, such a group of assets should be considered as a unit generating money. For example, the foundry shop of a machine-building enterprise, which produces semi-finished products for the production of finite engineering products, should be considered as a unit generating money, despite the fact that this workshop does not produce final products within the framework of this enterprise.

Units generating money should be determined consistently from the period by the period - that is, in each subsequent period, include a single list of assets. The list of assets included in the EMDS may be changed in the case when such a change is justified.

Testing the EMDS for impairment is carried out similarly to inspection on impairment of a separate asset. It implies the definition of the recoverable value of the EMDS and its comparison with the carrying amount of EMS assets, including the distributed cost of corporate and joint assets. If the balance sheet value of the EMDS assets turns out to be more than its recoverable cost, it is necessary to reduce the balance sheet value of the EMS assets before their recoverable value and recognize an impairment loss.

The logic of checking an impairment assets can be represented as a scheme shown in Figure 1.

2. Basic rules for conducting an impairment test

For all assets and units generating funds that fall under the MSFO 36, the company must carry out an obligatory test for impairment at the end of each fiscal year. If the company is an intermediate financial statements - for example, a quarterly - verification for signs of impairment should be carried out at each reporting date.

If there are signs of impairment, it is necessary to calculate the recoverable value. If signs of impairment are not observed, it is not necessary to calculate the recoverable cost, except in the following cases:

Intangible assets with an unlimited term useful use,

Assets not ready for use,

Goodwill acquired during the association of companies.

Intangible assets with an unlimited service life are those for which it is difficult to establish the exact duration of the period during which the company expects to obtain economic benefits from these assets. Note that an unlimited term does not mean endless. Intangible assets with an unlimited service life are not depreciated, but are checked for impairment. Under assets, not ready for use, it is understood by non-current assets surrounding, but not commissioned. Goodwill acquired during the association of companies is the difference between the cost of investment (the cost of acquiring a company) and the share of acquired pure assets purchased company.

For these exceptional cases, an annual impairment test must be carried out regardless of the availability of signs of impairment. Checking "exceptional" assets for impairment can be carried out at any time during the year, but every year - in the same period (that is, it can be not only 31.12.ХХ, but any other reporting date during the year). All other assets are tested for impairment at the end of the financial period.

The calculation of the recoverable value of the asset (or the EMDS) involves the choice of the maximum value from the value of use and fair value less costs for sale. The calculation of both values \u200b\u200bis not always required: if any of the two values \u200b\u200bexceeds the carrying value of the asset (EMDS), the asset is not impaired, and it is not necessary to calculate the second value. The approach to the definition of the recoverable value of the asset and conducting an impairment test is presented in Table. one.

Table 1. Approach to determining the recoverable value of the asset and conducting an impairment test

As noted earlier, the fair value minus sales costs is the amount that can be obtained from the sale of an asset in the transaction between independent, knowledgeable, who want to make this transaction by the parties.

The best evidence of the fair value of the asset standard calls the price specified in the sale contract between independent, well-informed, who want to make this transaction by the parties. It should be noted that the characteristics of the parties to the contract of sale - independence, awareness, the desire to make a deal - are mandatory condition Definition of fair value.

In the absence of a sales contract, a fair value can be defined as the price of the active market - the price of the purchase of a similar asset on the market, the price of the last transaction for the acquisition of a similar asset.

In the absence of a sales contract and an active market, the fair value is determined on the basis of the most reliable information available.

To calculate the recoverable value of the asset (EMS), the fair value defined by one of the proposed methods should be adjusted to the sale costs.

Sales costs are additional costs that are directly related to the sale of an asset, with the exception of financial costs and income tax, as well as the costs already included in the obligations.

Direct costs for pre-sale preparation of an asset should be distinguished from costs independent evaluation Asset. The latter are not the cost of sale (since assessment assessment is performed as required by the standard mandatory procedureBut not in connection with the disposal of assets) and are not included in the calculation of fair value less costs for sale. It can be clarified that the costs of conducting an independent evaluation are recognized in the report on the profit profit on the accrual method.

The value of the use of theActivation is the amount of discounted future cash flows from the asset under consideration (a unit generating money).

The calculation of the value of the use of an asset (EMDS) involves the formation of tributaries and cash outflows from the use of an asset (EMDS), as well as their discount on the corresponding discount rate.

3. Recognition of impairment losses

If the calculation of the amount of reimbursement led to the need to reduce the balance sheet value of assets and reflect the impairment loss, there are three action options:

- impairment of a separate asset;

- Impairment of EMDS and impairment of a group consisting of several EMDS.

1. Impairment of individual assets.

If the carrying amount of the asset is more than its recoverable cost, it is necessary to reduce the cost of the asset in the balance sheet to its recoverable amount and recognize an impairment loss in the amount of [Balance value - reimbursable value].

An asset impairment loss is recognized in the report on profit and loss immediately in full except for the following case:

- If earlier the accommodation was recognized earlier (refers to own capital, "reassessment reserve"), in the report of the period of the period, recognized as the value of exceeding the markdown over the previously recognized accommodation. For this, the accurate amount is reduced by the corresponding value .

The pre-measurement of non-current assets may occur if the company has chosen the accounting model for them for them. In this case, when taking into account, an impairment loss must first "exhaust" previously recognized cash and only after that recognize an impairment loss in the income statement.

IFRS 36 does not give unequivocal instructions regarding the accounting for adjusting the carrying amount of the asset. The credit wiring is usually carried out on an impairment account, which is essentially similar to the account of the accumulated wear. For the purpose of granting the reporting, the same amount is considered relatively initial cost asset.

Accounting for an asset impairment loss on an impairment account is necessary, since the accumulated impairment loss may be restored in the future.

2. Impairment of EMDS or group of such divisions.

Impairment of assets included in the EMDS may occur in two ways:

- Impairment occurs in the EMDS itself; At the same time, corporate assets or goodwill may be included in its book value;

- Impairment should be distributed to a group consisting of several EMDS, since a corporate asset or goodwill refer to such a group and cannot be attributed to individual units.

Under corporate assets are the assets of enterprises that do not generate independent cash flows, but participating in their creation of several EMDS. An example is the building of the company's head office, which has several departments generating cash flows. For the purpose of checking on impairment, the cost of such assets is distributed between them.

According to the requirements of the standard, the impelling amount must be attributed to the reduction of the carrying amount of the assets of the unit (or group of divisions) in the following order. First, the cost of goodwill relating to the EMDS or a group of such divisions is reduced. Then, if it is written off to zero, the carrying value of all other assets of the unit (or group of divisions) decreases proportionally.

As part of a separate EMDS, an impairment loss should be distributed strictly in the following order:

1. On assets for which the cost reduction is obvious - damage, loss.

2. On Goodwill, distributed to this EMDS (while goodwill will not be fully exhausted).

3. On all other assets, the EMDS is proportional to their book value.

At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the adjusted balance of each of the assets does not turn out to be less than its recoverable cost. That is, each of the assets can be distributed loss in the amount in which the adjusted book value will not be less than the maximum of (value of use or fair value less than the cost of sale).

If this loss is detected, it must be redesigned between the other assets of the EMDS in proportion to their book value.

4. Restoration of impairment losses

standard Impairment Active Loss

At each reporting date, the company must check the availability of assets impairment. However, with such an inspection, the company may detect signs that an earlier loss of impairment of assets decreased or no longer exists. We can say about such signs if the following events occurred during the period:

- the market value of the asset has grown significantly;

- there were or obviously, which will occur, significant positive changes in the environment in which the company works;

- the market rates of interest or other market rates of investments have decreased;

- Internal reporting data proves that current or future use of the asset is much better than expected initially.

If there are such signs, the company must determine the reimbursable value of assets (or EMDS). Renewable value is determined by the standard way. The balance sheet value of the assets for which an impairment loss was previously recognized should be increased to their recoverable value. When restoring an impairment loss, it is necessary to ensure that the adjusted carrying amount of the asset does not have more of its book value (excluding accumulated depreciation), which would exist without a loss of impairment.

Return of an impairment loss is recognized as income in the report on the profits of the current period, except in cases where assets are accounted for at the revalued value. When taking into account the asset at the revalued value, the return of an impairment loss is credited directly to the account of its own capital, to the "Revaluation Reserve".

Both after recognizing an impairment loss and after its return, the adjusted carrying amount of the asset is amortized over the remaining service life. Depreciation deductions are calculated in the usual way: adjusted book value - liquidation cost) / The remaining useful service life of the asset.

For a unit generating money, a returned impairment loss must be distributed among the individual assets of the unit in proportion to their book value. The exception is goodwill, a loss of impairment of which is not refundable. When restoring an impairment loss of each Asset within the EMDS, it is necessary to ensure that its adjusted book value does not exceed the smallest of the values: its recoverable amount or its book value, subject to the absence of an impairment loss.

5. Requirements for information disclosure in notes

Notes are a mandatory component of financial statements. Notes should demonstrate in detail how each value recognized in the financial statements was obtained. In this regard, it is easy to understand that any action that was implemented during the test of assets for impairment should be described (disclosed) in notes.

In particular, for each class of assets (land, buildings, machinery, equipment, intangible assets, etc.) must be submitted:

- circumstances and events that led to recognition or return of an impairment loss;

The methodology for determining the recoverable value, more precisely, which represents the recoverable cost - the value of use or fair value less costs for sale. For fair value, you must specify approaches or assumptions used in determining it (or specify the data on the company attracted to fulfill the evaluation). For value of use, it is necessary, in particular, to specify the discount rate used in the calculations;

- Description of the nature of individual assets and the specification of the segment to which these assets belong;

- or a description of the units generating money - the amount of impairment losses or the amount of impairment losses recognized during the period;

- the article of the profit and loss statement in which impairment losses are taken into account or their return (for example, the cost of sales of products or another article);

- The amount of impairment losses or the amount of impairment losses returns, which were attributed directly to the capital account, to the Revaluation Reserve.

List of used literature

1. Vakhrushina M.A., Melnikoval. And international financial reporting standards - M: Omega-L - 2011. - 576 p.

2. Vitaly Pultsov, IFRS 36 "Asset Impairment" Detailed Analysis // " Double recording"- 2005. - №12. - p.12.

3.Kaspina R.G. Practical use International Financial Reporting Standards in Russia: Tutorial - 2006. - 224 p.

4. Shishkov T.V., Kozheletseva E.A. International Financial Reporting Standards - M: Publisher: Reed Group. - 2011. - 320 p.

5. http://www.kz-adviser.kz.

6. http://www.ippnou.ru.

7. http://www.audit-it.ru/articles/msfo/

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Impairment testing

At the end of each reporting period, the organization should determine whether there are any signs of assets' impairment. If there is any sign, the organization must determine the reimbursive amount for an asset.

IAS 36 gives examples of some signs of impairment:

during the period, significant changes that have adverse effects for the organization, in technical, market, economic or legal organizations, in which the Organization operates, or on the market for which the asset is intended to be occurred or will occur in the near future.
market interest rates increased during the period, and this increase is likely to have a significant impact on the discount rate used in the calculation of the value of use, and will lead to a significant reduction in the recoverable amount of the asset;
the carrying amount of net assets of the organization exceeds its market capitalization;
there are signs of obsolescence or physical damage asset.

Regardless of the availability of any signs of impairment, the organization is obliged to test annually on impairment:

intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, as well as those NMAs that are not yet ready for use;
acquired when combining businesses Goodwille.

Recognition of impairment loss and its restoration

Impairment loss is the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its recoverable amount.

In general, an impairment loss is immediately recognized in profit or loss.

If the asset is taken into account at the revalued cost (for example, the object of fixed assets in accordance with), then the impairment loss is taken into account as a decrease in the amount of revaluation in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standard.

At the end of each reporting period, the organization should determine the presence of a sign that an impairment loss recognized in previous periods in relation to an asset other than goodwill no longer exists or decreased. If any such sign, the organization must assess the recoverable amount of the asset. And restore an impairment loss.

At the same time, the increased carrying cost of a separate asset, other than goodwill, incurred on the restoration of an impairment loss should not exceed the balance sheet value, which would be determined (minus depreciation) if no impairment loss was recognized for this asset in previous years. .

IFRS 36 examines in detail the procedure for restoring an impairment loss for a separate asset, a unit generating money and goodwill.

Information disclosure

For each type of assets, i.e., a group of assets similar in nature and method of use, the organization must disclose the following information:

the amount of impairment losses recognized as part of profit or loss during the period, and article (articles) of the cumulative income report, which reflects these impairment losses;
the amount of restoration of impairment losses recognized as part of profit or loss during the period, and article (articles) of the total income report, which reflects the restoration of impairment losses data;
the amount of impairment losses on revalued assets recognized during the period in other comprehensive income;
the amount of reduction of impairment losses on revalued assets recognized during the period as part of other aggregate income.

What other information should be disclosed in the financial statements in relation to the impairment of assets, is indicated in IFRS 36.

IAS 36 "Asset Impairment" describes in detail the procedure for identifying the impairment of assets and reflecting it in accounting. As international Standards Require that the asset reflects in the reporting at a cost not exceeding the amount of cash flows that the company expects to receive in the future.

When checking for impairment

Most assets are checked for impairment only in the presence of signs of possible impairment. Their presence is considered for each reporting date.

Signs of Impairment in IFRS (IAS) 36

The internal signs of impairment include:

moral wear or physical damage to the asset;
significant changes in the intensity or method of using an asset that have a negative impact on the company (for example, a simple asset, plans for the sale of an asset before the onset of previously expected timeling deadlines);
indicators that the economic efficiency of the asset is lower or will be lower than expected.

Even with signs of impairment, impairment check may not be required. For example, the check will not be needed if according to previous calculations, the recoverable amount of the asset significantly exceeded its balance sheet value, and there were no events that eliminate this difference. Similarly, the previous analysis may show that the recoverable amount of the asset is not sensitive to one or more signs of impairment.

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How to determine the reimbursable value of Share IFRS (IAS) 36

During the inspection, the company must determine whether the reimbursable value of the asset is the balance sheet value. If it exceeds, there is no impairment.

According to IAS 36, the recoverable amount is the largest of:

The fair value of the asset minus the costs of its disposal.
The value of the use of the asset.

Fair value is significantly different from the value of use. Fair cost reflects the assumptions that market participants can use when the asset price is established. The value of use is calculated on the basis of factors that are characteristic of a particular company. For example, the value of use may reflect the synergistic effect between the estimated asset and other assets, legal rights or legal restrictions specific to the company, tax benefits or tax burden specific to the company.

Note!

Sometimes it is enough to calculate only one value - either the fair value less the cost of disposal, or the value of the use of the asset (depending on which one is easier to determine). If one of them exceeds the book value of the asset, then the asset did not depreciate.

Fair cost less the cost of disposal

Fair value - the price that the company will receive when selling asset during the usual transaction between market participants on the evaluation date. It is determined according to the requirements of IFRS (IFRS) 13 "Evaluation of fair value". Usually, this indicator can be estimated even in the absence of quotes for an identical asset in the active market. If it is impossible to reliably assess the fair value, the company can use its value of use as a recoverable amount of the asset.

Under the cost of disposal of IFRS (IAS) 36 understands additional costs that are directly related to the disposal of the asset. (See the same way) can be attributed to the costs of legal design Transactions, pre-sale preparing asset or disassembly costs. But the costs of attracting financing and income tax costs cannot be considered the cost of disposal.

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Value for use in IFRS 36

The value of use is the present value of future cash flows that the company expects to receive from the asset. To determine the value of the use of the asset, IAS 36 offers:

(a) Estimate future cash tributaries and outflows arising from the use of an asset and under its subsequent disposal;

b) Apply the appropriate discount rate with respect to such cash flows in the future.

Note!

Unified methodology for determining cash flows and discount rates does not exist. In IAS 36, general recommendations for calculating these indicators are given.

Cash flows are calculated on the basis of these financial budgets approved by management. Maximum period The forecast is five years, if only a longer period is not justified. The fact is that detailed and reliable financial budgets for future cash flows for a longer period usually do not exist.

Since the end of the five-year forecast period, cash flows extrapolate to the future until the end of the useful use of the asset. To do this, use a zero or decreasing growth rate. In rare cases, you can use the increasing growth rate. Its use should be justified with objective information on the nature of the product life cycle or industry.

Cash flows for calculating the value of use will be individual for each company. The calculation includes:

1) cash tributaries from the continuation of the use of the asset;

2) Cash costs (cash outflows), which are necessary for generating cash inflows from the ongoing use of an asset (including overheads that can be attributed directly or distributed to the asset). For example, the cost of maintenance and maintenance of the asset;

3) Pure cash flow from the departure of the asset at the end of its useful use. It is defined in analogously to the fair value of the asset less the cost of disposal.

Estimates of future cash flows should not include:

Cash flows associated with improving or modernization of the asset. That is, cash flows are evaluated based on the current state of the asset or subject to maintaining it in the current state.
Cash flows expected due to future restructuring in respect of which there are no obligations yet.

In addition, no outflows of funds needed to repay obligations in respect of which the reserve has already been created; cash flows from financial activities; Receipts or profit tax payments .

Note!

When calculating the fair value less costs for the disposal and value of the use of IFRS asset (IAS) 36 allows you to use the calculated estimates, average values \u200b\u200band simplified calculations.

What is YDS.

Check individual assets for impairment is not always possible. For example, for goodwill it is impossible to determine the fair cost less the cost of disposal. And for individual facilities of fixed assets, it is often impossible to calculate the value of use. Since cash flows used to determine the value of use are usually created not a specific asset, but by a group of assets. In this case, an impairment test is carried out for a group of assets. For these purposes, IAS (IAS) 36 introduces the concept of a unit generating money. (See by the same IAS 2 IFRS)

The unit generating money (EMDS) is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash flows, largely independent of cash flows from other assets or groups of assets.

To determine the EMDS, it is necessary to apply judgment.

Example

The company owns a private rail to ensure its mining. Railways can only be sold at the cost of scrap metal. And cash flows from it cannot be determined separately from streams on other assets of the mine.

It is impossible to estimate the recoverable amount of the private railway, since it is impossible to determine its value of use. It is probably different from the value of scrap metal. Therefore, the company estimates the reimbursable amount of the generating unit to which railway, that is, the whole mine.

The EMDS must be determined consistently from the period by the period in relation to the same assets or assets groups, unless the change is justified.

The EMDS includes only assets that directly relate to it, or which can be distributed on it on a reasonable and consistent basis. For example, goodwill, corporate assets (buildings central apparatus etc.).

How to take into account impairment

If during the check, it will be found that the recoverable value is below the carrying amount of the asset, the amount of difference must be recognized as an impairment loss. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced to the recoverable amount. Impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss. Exception - assets that take into account the revalued cost (for example, the main means). The impairment loss of an overvalued asset is taken into account as a decrease in the amount of revaluation. Depreciation deductions Need to adjust in accordance with the revised book value.

If the impairment loss is recognized as an EMS, accounting is somewhat complicated. Impairment loss should be distributed between all assets included in the EMDS, in the following order:

First reduce the balance sheet value of Goodwil, which is included in the EMDS.
Then reduce the balance sheet value of other ECDS assets in proportion to the book value of each asset.

If the separate asset, the EMDS obviously depreciated, an impairment loss must first be attributed to this asset. Then distribute the remaining amount between other asset by YDS.. It is important to trace that the carrying value of each ACTIVE ACTIVE DEFF is lower than the greatest of the values:

a) fair value less costs for disposal (if it can be estimated);

b) the value of use (if it can be determined);

Note!

If only a separate asset as part of the EMDS depreciates, but in general, the EMDS did not depreciate, the impairment loss is not recognized.

Example

As of January 1, 2018, the company had one EMDS, which includes goodwill, land plot, building and equipment, book value 100, 150, 450 and 300 thousand rubles. respectively. In March 2018, a fire occurred on the territory of the company, as a result of which equipment was significantly damaged. Its further use is impossible. Because of this, according to the company's estimates, the reimbursed Cost of the EMDS is 400 thousand rubles. Fair cost less costs for the disposal of land and building is 120 and 215 thousand rubles. respectively.

The company determines that an EMDS impairment loss should be recognized in the amount of 600 thousand rubles. (1000 - 400). Distribute impairment loss is needed as follows:

Assets

Balance value, thousand rubles.

Distribution of impairment loss, thousand rubles.

Balance cost after recognition of impairment, thousand rubles.

Land plot

Equipment

TOTAL

First, a loss should be recognized as an impairment of equipment in the amount of 300 thousand rubles, since it can be explicitly evaluated. Next reduces the balance sheet value of Goodwil to zero (loss in the amount of 100 thousand rubles). The remaining amount of the loss of 200 thousand rubles. (600 - 300 - 100) distributed between other assets of the EMDS in proportion to their book value. That is, the land should include 50 thousand rubles. Loss (150 / (150 + 450) x 200), and on the building - 150 thousand rubles. (450 / (150 + 450) x 200). However, in this case, the carrying value of the land plot will be equal to 100 thousand rubles. (150 - 50) and will be lower than its fair value minus the cost of disposal (120 thousand rubles). Therefore, only 30 thousand rubles can be attributed to the land plot. loss. The remaining amount should be attributed to the building - 170 thousand rubles. (200 - 30).

Restore impairment loss

In subsequent periods after recognition, impairment loss should also be conducted for impairment, if there is reason to believe that the impairment may continue either the size of a previously recognized loss may decrease.

Restore impairment loss is usually recognized in profit or loss. With respect to the assets taken into account in the revalued cost, as an increase in the cost of revaluation. But the loss from the impairment of goodwill in subsequent periods can not be returned.

Assets in accordance with IFRS 36 "Impairment of Assets" are subject to inspection for impairment for each reporting date. These assets include:

earth, buildings and structures;

cars and equipment;

investment in real estate taken into account by the method of costs;

intangible assets;

investments in subsidiaries associated companies and joint ventures.

The impairment of the asset is recognized only if the balance sheet value of assets exceeds the recoverable amount (the cost that can be reimbursed during the use process or as a result of the sale of an asset). Since even in small firms, the number of assets on the balance sheet is several dozen and even hundreds, and the revaluation of each asset will require high costs. In this regard, before reassessing, it is necessary to identify signs of impairment.

Exterior signs:

significant fall market value asset;

significant changes (technology, market, economy, legislation);

interest rates or other factors affecting the discount rate used in the calculation of value from the use of the asset;

the book value of the company's net assets exceeds its market capitalization.

Internal signs:

there are evidence of obsolescence or physical confirmation of the asset;

significant changes in the process of operation of the asset;

factors indicating that current or future economic results of the use of an asset, worse than expected;

other signs of a possible reduction in the cost of the asset.

Loss of impairment is to exemplate the carrying amount of the asset over the recoverable cost. Impairment loss should be recognized as a consumption in the statement of profit and loss if the assets are estimated at the value model of DT 7420 CT 2410.

If the asset is taken into account in the revalued cost, the impairment loss should be taken into account as a decrease in the cost of revaluation.

As of every date of balance, if there are signs indicating the possible impairment of the asset, the organization should make the calculation of the recoverable amount of the asset. At the same time, regardless of the availability of signs, the organization should annually calculate the recoverable amount of an asset on intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, intangible assets, not commissioned, as well as goodwill acquired as a result of business combination.

In assessing the availability of signs indicating the possible impairment of the asset, the organization should at least consider the following signs:

external sources of information;

internal sources of information.

External sources of information include:

a significant decrease in the market value of the asset during the period, which would be expected as a result of the course or normal use;

significant changes that have negatively affecting the situation of the organization that occurred during the period or expected in the near future in the technological, market, economic or legal conditions in which the organization is working, or on the market for which the asset is intended;

significant increase in market interest rates or other market rates of profitability of investments that occurred during the period, and the likelihood of the influence of these increases on the discount rate, which is used to calculate the cost from the use of the asset and significantly reduce its recoverable amount;

the carrying amount of net assets of the reporting organization is greater than CE market capitalization.

Internal sources of information include:

availability of evidence of obsolescence or physical damage to the asset;

significant changes to the degree or method of using an asset in the present or future, adversely affecting the situation of the Organization that occurred during the time or expected in the near future. For example:

simple asset;

plans for the termination or restructuring of industrial activities;

plans for the disposal of an asset in the near future;

revision of the useful use of the asset - from unlimited for limited;

based on internal reporting, evidence that current or future results of the use of an asset are worse than was supposed;

other instructions on a possible reduction in the cost of the asset:

the funds necessary to acquire asset or its operation and maintenance significantly exceed the previously provided by the budget;

clean cash flows are significantly lower than the budget scheduled;

pure cash outflows are predicted throughout the useful use of the asset.

When evaluating these indicators, it is necessary to apply the principle of materiality. If the analysis shows that the recoverable amount of the asset is not sensitive to these indicators, then there is no need to evaluate the recoverable amount. For example, if market interest rates have increased short-term plan, but they do not significantly affect the discount rate used in the calculation of the cost of using an asset that has a long useful life; Or if they affect the discount rate, but the organization will also increase the income, and therefore, the net cash flows will remain almost unchanged.

On the other hand, the decline in the cost of assets can occur due to the revision of the useful use of the asset, changes in the depreciation method or the liquidation value of the asset. If there are such signs, then the remaining useful life, the depreciation method or the liquidation value of the asset should be revised and adjusted according to IFRS applicable to the asset, even if no impairment loss is recognized for it.

Measuring the recoverable amount. The value of reducing the cost of an asset in monetary terms is determined by comparing the reimbursable amount and book value. The latter is the initial (or overvalued) cost less accumulated depreciation. The recoverable amount of the asset is the largest of two quantities: a net selling price or value from use.

If there is no reason for the fact that the cost of using an asset exceeds its fair value minus the cost of disposal, it can be considered a recoverable amount of the asset. In most cases, this applies to assets intended for sale.

Since the cost of using an asset intended for sale mainly consists of revenue from its disposal.

In the event that the ongoing use of the asset does not provide cash receipts, mainly independent of those that arise in connection with other assets, or assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the unit generating the money to which the asset belongs, except in cases where :

net selling price asset is higher than its carrying price;

the cost of using an asset can be estimated as close to its pure selling price, and a net selling price can be determined.

Net selling price. The optimal value of the net selling price is the price indicated on the fulfillment of the contract for the sale of an asset between well-aware, who wanted to make such a deal by the parties. The price specified in the contract must be adjusted to the amount of expenses directly related to the disposal of the asset. These may be the costs of legal services for the design of the transaction, fees, taxes, the costs of dismantling the asset and other direct additional costs for the pre-sales training of the asset.

In the absence of compulsory sales contract, but the presence of an active market, which trade in this asset is conducted, should be used by the market price minus the planned costs directly related to the disposal of the asset. The corresponding market price is usually the current demand price. If there are no values \u200b\u200bof the current price price as a basis for calculating the market price, the price of the most recent operation can be used, provided that in the period between the date of that operation and the date of the calculation of the net selling price did not occur in economic conditions.

In the absence of a net sales price or an active market for an asset, the Organization establishes an assessment of an asset based on the best available information. You can use information about the results of the latest operations with similar assets within the same industry. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the wornity of the asset, the conditions of operation, if these are industrial machines and equipment are their production capacity and other production characteristics and to adjust the cost of similar assets to the effect of identified differences. You can learn such information from statistical directories.

Cost from the use of the asset.The assessment of the cost of using the asset is the calculation of the present value, which reflects the expected discounted value of future cash flows.

The calculation of the cost of using an asset suggests the following steps:

calculation of future incoming and outgoing cash flows arising in connection with the continuing use of the asset and its final disposal;

apply the appropriate discount rate to these future cash flows.

Assessment of future cash flows. When measuring the value of the value from the use of an asset, the estimate of future cash flows should be based on:

best estimated guidance economic conditionswhich will exist during the remaining useful use of the asset. More important should be attached to external evidence;

the most recent financial budgets / plans that should cover the period of the maximum duration of five years, except when a longer period can be justified;

extrapolation (if the useful life of an asset for more than five years) is a stable or downward growth rate for subsequent years, except in cases where an increase in growth rates can be justified. This growth rate should not exceed the long-term growth rate of products, industries, countries or countries in which the organization is working, or in relation to the market, which uses an asset, if only a higher pace cannot be justified. If it is appropriate, the growth rate can be equal to zero or have a negative value. It is impossible to predict the infinite growth of income, even if the five-year forecast shows their steady growth. Since the larger the asset is used, the more he loses in its value and the less brings economic benefits. In order to determine the cost of using cash flow forecasts, funds should be based on the best estimates of the management, but not at an optimistic look at the future. In order for predictions to be more reliable, more important should be given information obtained from external sources. If the asset is used after the expiration of useful use, this fact says that the useful use of the asset is incorrectly determined.

Future cash flows should be calculated based on its current state and should not include calculated future cash flows that are expected from:

future restructuring, to which the organization has not yet proceeded (as soon as the organization proceeds to restructuring, it must take into account its impact on future cash flows);

future capital expenditures that will improve or improve asset, increasing its initially estimated standard efficiency.

Restructuring is a program that is planned and controlled by the manual and which significantly changes either the sphere of the organization's activities, or a way of doing business.

Recognition and measurement of impairment loss. The impairment loss is the excess of the book value of the asset over the recoverable amount of the asset. For all assets, this position is equally, however, the loss is a bit different depending on the type of asset and the approaches applied.

Impairment loss should be immediately recognized as a consumption in the statement of profit and loss, except in cases where the asset is taken into account in the revalued value produced according to another IFRS (for example, in accordance with the procedure for accounting on the revalued value provided for by IAS (IAS) 16 " Property, machinery and equipment »). Impairment loss for an overvalued asset should be taken into account as a reduction in the cost of recovery in accordance with IFRS 16.

Assets	Balance value, thousand rubles.	Distribution of impairment loss, thousand rubles.	Balance cost after recognition of impairment, thousand rubles.

Land plot

Equipment
TOTAL

36 Impairment. If the calculation of the amount of compensation led to the need to reduce the balance sheet value of assets and reflect the impairment loss, there are three options. Depreciation of the EMDS or group of such divisions

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3. Recognition of impairment losses

If the calculation of the amount of reimbursement led to the need to reduce the balance sheet value of assets and reflect the impairment loss, there are three action options:

- impairment of a separate asset;

- Impairment of EMDS and impairment of a group consisting of several EMDS.

1. Impairment of individual assets.

If the carrying amount of the asset is more than its recoverable cost, it is necessary to reduce the cost of the asset in the balance sheet to its recoverable amount and recognize an impairment loss in the amount of [Balance value - reimbursable value].

An asset impairment loss is recognized in the report on profit and loss immediately in full except for the following case:

The pre-measurement of non-current assets may occur if the company has chosen the accounting model for them for them. In this case, when taking into account, an impairment loss must first "exhaust" previously recognized cash and only after that recognize an impairment loss in the income statement.

Accounting for an asset impairment loss on an impairment account is necessary, since the accumulated impairment loss may be restored in the future.

2. Impairment of EMDS or group of such divisions.

Impairment of assets included in the EMDS may occur in two ways:

- Impairment occurs in the EMDS itself; At the same time, corporate assets or goodwill may be included in its book value;

- Impairment should be distributed to a group consisting of several EMDS, since a corporate asset or goodwill refer to such a group and cannot be attributed to individual units.

As part of a separate EMDS, an impairment loss should be distributed strictly in the following order:

1. On assets for which the cost reduction is obvious - damage, loss.

2. On Goodwill, distributed to this EMDS (while goodwill will not be fully exhausted).

3. On all other assets, the EMDS is proportional to their book value.

If this loss is detected, it must be redesigned between the other assets of the EMDS in proportion to their book value.

4. Restoration of impairment losses

standard Impairment Active Loss

- the market value of the asset has grown significantly;

- there were or obviously, which will occur, significant positive changes in the environment in which the company works;

- the market rates of interest or other market rates of investments have decreased;

- Internal reporting data proves that current or future use of the asset is much better than expected initially.

Both after recognizing an impairment loss and after its return, the adjusted carrying amount of the asset is amortized over the remaining service life. Depreciation deductions are calculated in the usual way: adjusted book value - liquidation cost) / The remaining useful service life of the asset.

5. Requirements for information disclosure in notes

In particular, for each class of assets (land, buildings, machinery, equipment, intangible assets, etc.) must be submitted:

- circumstances and events that led to recognition or return of an impairment loss;

- Description of the nature of individual assets and the specification of the segment to which these assets belong;

- or a description of the units generating money - the amount of impairment losses or the amount of impairment losses recognized during the period;

- the article of the profit and loss statement in which impairment losses are taken into account or their return (for example, the cost of sales of products or another article);

- The amount of impairment losses or the amount of impairment losses returns, which were attributed directly to the capital account, to the Revaluation Reserve.

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