Multiple units - units that for an integer occasionally exceed the main unit of measurement physical quantity. International System Units (SI) recommends the following consoles for the designations of multiple units:

Binary understanding of consoles

In programming and industries associated with computers, the same consoles of kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, etc. In the case of applied to values, multiple detects of two (eg, bytes), can mean multiplicity not 1000 , and 1024 \u003d 2 10. What kind of system is used, should be clear from the context (for example, in relation to the range of RAM, multiplicity 1024 is used, and in relation to the volume of the disk memory, manufacturers of rigid disks are multiplicity 1000).

In order to avoid confusion in April 1999, the International Electrotechnical Commission introduced new standard According to the name of binary numbers (see binary consoles).

Consoles for Dolly Units

Dolly units, make up a definable share (part) from the established unit of measurement of a certain amount. The international system of units (SI) recommends the following consoles for the designations of dolly units:

The origin of the consoles

Most consoles are formed from Greek words. Deck comes from the word DECA or DEKA (Δέκα) - "Ten", hekto - from Hekaton (ἑκατόν) - "STO", KILO - from Chiloi (ίίΛιοι) - "Thousand", mega - from megas (μέγα), that is, " Big, "Giga is a gigantos (γίγας) -" giant ", and the tera - from TeratOS (τέρας), which means" monstrous ". Pet (έέντε) and ex (ἕξ) correspond to five and six discharges over a thousand and translated, respectively, as "five" and "six". Dolly micro (from Micros, μικκός) and Nano (from Nanos, νᾶνος) are translated as "small" and "dwarf". From one word ὀκτώ (októ), meaning "eight", the consoles of yott (1000 8) and yokto (1/1000 8) are formed.

As a "thousand" translates and Mill's prefix, ascending to Latin Mille. Latin roots also have the prefixes of Santi - from Centum ("STO") and Deci - from Decimus ("Tenth"), Zetta - from Septem ("Seven"). Zepto ("Seven") comes from the Latin word Septem or from French sept.

Atto's prefix is \u200b\u200bformed from Danish Atten ("Eighteen"). Femto dates back to the Danish (Norwegian) femten or to the Old Island Fimmtān and means "fifteen".

Picky prefix takes place either from French Pico ("Beak" or "Small Quantity"), or from Italian Piccolo, that is, "small".

Rules for using consoles

• The prefixes should be written with a unit name or, accordingly, with its designation.
• The use of two or more consoles in a row (eg, microwiellifarad) is not permitted.
• The designations of multiple and dolle units of the source unit erected into a degree form to add the corresponding indicator to the designation of a multiple or dolly unit of the source unit, and the indicator means the construction of a multiple or dollar unit (along with the prefix). Example: 1 km² \u003d (10³ m) ² \u003d 10 6 m² (and not 10³ m²). The names of such units form, attaching the prefix to the name of the source unit: a square kilometer (and not a kilo-square meter).
• If the unit is a product or relationship of units, the console, or its designation, attach, as a rule, to the name or designation of the first unit: kPa · s / m (kilopascal-second per meter). Attach the prefix to the second factor of the work or to the denominator is allowed only at substantive cases.

Applicability of consoles

Due to the fact that the name of a unit of mass in a kilogram - contains a "kilo" prefix, for the formation of multiple and dolly units of mass use dolly unit Mass - grams (0.001 kg).

The prefixes are limited to units of time: the multiple consoles are not combined at all with them (no one uses the "Cylocent", although it is formally not prohibited), the dolly consoles are joined only by a second (millisecond, microsecond, etc.). In accordance with GOST 8.417-2002, the name and designations of the following units of C are not allowed to be applied with consoles: minute, hour, day (units of time), degrees, minute, second (units of a flat angle), an astronomical unit, diopteria and an atomic unit of mass.

see also

• NON-SI UNIT PREFIX (English Wikipedia)
• IEEE Standard for prefixes (eng.)

Literature

The process of setting the conformity between the property and the number, and so that the properties comparing the properties can be done using the comparison of the numbers, is the name of the measurement. One of the properties of bodies is their length. The length of the body in one direction, is called the length of the body. Consider two rules. To compare the length of the line, they put them in each other so that one of the ends of the first line coincides with the end of the second line. The second ends of Linek either coincide or not. With the coincidence of all ends of the line, they are equal in length. When measuring the length of each line, a number is attributed to a number that uniquely determines its length. At the same time, the number allows you to choose from all lines unambiguously such, the length of which is determined by this number. So the definable property is called physical quantity. In this case, the process of finding a number characterizing the physical property is called measurement.

For units of length, appropriate standards are installed, when compared with which they define any length.

Meter - Unit of measurement of length (distance) in metric systems

The length and distance in the international system of units (C) is measured in meters (m). The meter is the main unit of the SI system. In addition to the system, the meter serves as the main unit and the distance in some other systems is measured using it. For example, the meter unit of measurement of length in the ISS (the system in which three units were considered the main: meter, kilogram, second). Currently, the ISS is not considered an independent system. Systems in which meter is a unit of measurement of length (distance), and a kilogram is a unit of measurement of mass, called metric.

By definition, 1 meter is the length of the path that takes place light in vacuo for $ \\ FRAC (1) (299792458) $ seconds.

When measuring and calculations, multiple and dollane meter units are used as a unit of measurement unit (distances). For example, $ (10) ^ (- 10) $ m \u003d 1a (angstrom); $ (10) ^ (- 9) $ m \u003d 1 nm (nano meter); 1 km \u003d 1000 m.

Currently, in our country, the international system of measurement units (C) is most often used.

Full length units in non-metric systems

There are systems of units in which centimeters are units of measurement of length, for example, the SGS system. The SGS system has been used a lot before the international system of units was adopted. Otherwise, it is called the absolute physical system of units. In its framework, 3 units of measurement are considered to be the main: centimeter, gram, second.

Exist national Systems Units of measuring length and distance. So, for example, the British system is not metric. Units of measurement of length and distance in this system are: Mile, Furlong, Chane, Rod, Yard, Foot and other unusual units. $ 1 \\ mile \u003d 1.609 \\ km ;; $ 1 furlong \u003d 2016 m; 1 Chain-20,1168 m. The Japanese system for measuring the length and distance is also different from the metric. It uses, for example, such units of length of length as: MO, RIN, BU, Xyak and others. 1 Mo \u003d 0.003030303 cm; 1 rin \u003d 0.03030303 cm; 1 bu \u003d 0.30303 cm.

Professional measurement systems of length and distance are used. For example, there is a typographical system, marine (used on a fleet), in astronomy use special types of units of distance measurement. So, in astronomy, the distance from the ground to the Sun is an astronomical unit (A.Е) measurements of length (distances).

1 AE \u003d 149 ~ 597,870.7 km, which is the distance from the Sun to the Earth. Light year is 63241,077 A.E. Parsek $ \\ APPROX 206264,806247 \\ A.E $.

Some units of measurement of length, previously used in our country, are not yet used. So, in the old-circuit system existed: spans, stop, elbow, arms, measure, versta and other units. 1 PIDE \u003d 17.78 cm; 1 Stop \u003d 35.56 cm; 1 measure \u003d 106.68 cm; 1 verst \u003d 1066.8 meters.

Examples of tasks with the solution

The task. What is the length of the electromagnetic wave ($ \\ lambda $), if the photon energy is $ \\ varepsilon \u003d (10) ^ (- 18) J $? What are the units of measuring the length of the electromagnetic wave?

Decision. As a basis for solving the problem, we use the formula to determine the photon energy in the form:

\\ [\\ varepsilon \u003d h \\ nu \\ \\ left (1.1 \\ right), \\]

where $ H \u003d 6.62 \\ CDOT (10) ^ (- 34) $ J $ \\ CDOT C $; $ \\ nu $ - the frequency of oscillations in the electromagnetic wave, it is associated with the light wavelength as:

\\ [\\ Nu \u003d \\ FRAC (C) (\\ Lambda) \\ \\ left (1.2 \\ Right), \\]

where $ c \u003d 3 \\ Cdot (10) ^ 8 \\ FRAC (M) (C) $ is the speed of light in vacuo. Considering formula (1.2), we will express from (1.1) wavelength:

\\ [\\ varepsilon \u003d h \\ Nu \u003d \\ FRAC (HC) (\\ lambda) \\ To \\ lambda \u003d \\ FRAC (HC) (\\ Varepsilon) \\ left (1.3 \\ RIGHT). \\]

Cut the wavelength calculations:

\\ [\\ lambda \u003d \\ FRAC (6.62 \\ CDOT (10) ^ (- 34) \\ CDOT 3 \\ CDOT (10) ^ 8) ((10) ^ (- 18)) \u003d 1,99 \\ CDOT (10 ) ^ (- 7 \\) \\ left (m \\ right). \\]

Answer. $ \\ lambda \u003d 1.99 \\ Cdot (10) ^ (- 7 \\) $ m \u003d 199 nm. Meters - units of measurement of the length of the electromagnetic wave (as well as any other length) in the SI system.

The task. The body fell from height, equal to $ H \u003d 1 \\ $ km. What is the length of the path ($ s $), which will pass the body in the first second of the fall, if the initial speed is zero? \\ Textit ()

Decision. By the condition of the task, we have:

In this task, we are dealing with an equilibrium body movement in the gravity field. This means that the body moves with the acceleration of $ \\ overline (G) $, which is directed along the Y axis (Fig. 1). As a basis for solving the problem, we will take the equation:

\\ [\\ Overline (S) \u003d (\\ Overline (S)) _ 0 + (\\ Overline (V)) _ 0T + \\ FRAC (\\ Overline (G) T ^ 2) (2) \\ \\ left (2.1 \\ Right). \\]

The beginning of the reference is made to the point of origin of the body movement, take into account that the initial body speed is zero, then in the projection on the Y axis, the expression (2.1) write as:

We carry out the calculations of the length of the body path:

Answer. $ H_1 \u003d 4.9 \\ $ M, the distance that the body will take place in the first second of its movement does not depend on the height with which it fell.

1.1. Connect the names of the names of natural phenomena and the corresponding types of physical phenomena.

1.2. Mark the checklock properties that the stone and the rubber harness possess.

1.3. Fill in the passes in the text so that the names of the sciences studying various phenomena at the junction of physics and astronomy, biology, geology.

1.4. Write down in standard form the following numbers according to the above sample.

2.1. Druel into the framework the properties that the physical body may not have.

2.2. The figure shows the bodies consisting of the same substance. Record the name of this substance.

2.3. Choose from the proposed words two words, denoting substances from which the corresponding parts of the simple pencil are made, and write them into empty windows.

2.4. With the help of arrows "sorted" words on baskets in accordance with their names, reflecting different physical concepts.

2.5. Write down the number according to the sample.

3.1. In the classroom, the teacher put the students on the tables the same in the form of magnetic arrows placed on the epic needles. All the arrows turned around their axis and frozen, but at the same time, one of them turned out to be turned to the north in the blue end, while others were red. The disciples were surprised, but during the conversation some of them expressed their hypotheses, why could have happened. Note what pupils put forward by the pupils can be refuted, and what - no, stressed the unnecessary word in the right column of the table.

3.2. Choose the right continuation of the phrase "The physics phenomenon is considered to be actually flowing, if ..."

3.3. Extra offer.

3.4. Choose the correct continuation of the phrase.

3.5. Back in antiquity people watched that:

4.1. Finish the phrase.

4.2. Insert the missing words and letters into the text.
In the international system of units (si):

4.3. a) Express multiple units of length in meters and vice versa.

b) Express meter in dolle units and vice versa.

c) Express a second in dolle units and vice versa.

d) express in the basic units of the length of the length.

e) express in the main units of the time intervals of time.

e) Express the following values \u200b\u200bin the basic units.

4.4. Measure the line of the textbook page L width. Express the result in centimeters, millimeters and meters.

4.5. The core wrapped the core as shown in the figure. The winding width turned out to be equal to l \u003d 9 mm. What is the diameter D wire? Answer express in these units.

4.6. Record the lengths of the length and square in the specified units according to the sample.

4.7. Determine the S1 triangle area and S2 trapezing in the specified units.

4.8. Record the values \u200b\u200bof the volume in the main units of the SI according to the sample.

4.9. The bathroom was poured first with a volume of 0.2 m3 with a volume of 0.2 m3, then cold water was added with a volume of 2 liters. What is the volume of water in the bath?

4.10. Extra offer. "The price of dividing the thermometer scale is _____.

5.1. Take advantage of the pattern and fill in the pass in the text.

5.2. Record the values \u200b\u200bof the volume of water in the vessels, taking into account the measurement error.

5.3. Write down the length of the table length measured by different rules, taking into account the measurement error.

5.4. Write down the readings of the clock shown in the figure.

5.5. The disciples measured the length of their tables with different devices and the results recorded in the table.

6.1. Underline the names of the devices that use the electric motor.

6.2. Home experiment.
1. Measure the diameter D and the circumference length L in the five cylindrical items using a thread and a ruler (see Fig.). Names of items and measurement results Record to the table. Use items different size. For an example in the first column of the table, the values \u200b\u200bobtained for the vessel with a diameter d \u003d 11 cm and the circumference length L \u003d 35 cm are already delivered.

2. Using a table, build a graph of the dependence of the circumference of the L object from its diameter d. To do this, on the coordinate plane you need to build six points according to the table data and connect their straight line. For an example on the plane, a point with coordinates (D, L) for the vessel is already constructed. Similarly, on the same plane building points for other bodies.

3. Using the resulting schedule, determine what is equal to the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the plastic bottle, if the length of its circle L \u003d 19cm.
d \u003d 6 cm

6.3. Home experiment.
1. Measure the dimensions of the matchbox using a line with millimeter divisions and write down these values, taking into account the measurement error.

The previous record means that the true lengths of length, widths and heights box are within:

2. Calculate, in what limits is the true value of the box.

Length converter and distance converter mass converter bulk products and food converter square converter volume and units of measurement in culinary recipes Temperature Converter Pressure Converter, Mechanical Voltage, Yung Module Energy Converter and Operation Power Converter Power Converter Time Converter Linear Speed \u200b\u200bFlat Angle Converter Heat Efficiency and Fuel Economy Converter Numbers in various systems Request Converter Units Measurement Currency Currency Courses Sizes of Women's Clothing and Shoes Sizes Men's Clothes and Shoes Converter Corner Speed \u200b\u200band Rotation Converter Speed \u200b\u200bConverter Corner Acceleration Converter Density Converter Specific Corveter Moment Moment Moment Converter Moment Mount Rotation Converter Converter Specific Correction ) Fuel combustion density converter and specific heat combustion converter (by volume) temperature difference converter thermal expansion converter thermal resistance converter specific thermal conductivity Converter Specific capacity Energy exposure converter and thermal radiation converter Heat flow converter Heat transfer coefficient converter Masse consumption converter Converter Molar consumption Mass flow density converter Converter molar concentration Mass concentration converter in solution Dean Converter MIC (absolute) viscosity kinematic viscosity converter surface tension converter vapor permeability converter water-steam stream converter sound microphone sensitivity converter Sound pressure level converter (SPL) Sound pressure level converter with reference pressure converter light converter resolution Computer graphics frequency converter and wavelength optical power in diopteria and focal length optical power in diopters and increase lens converter (×) Electrical charge converter Linear density converter Charge converter Volume density charge electric current converter Linear density converter current current density converter Electric field power converter Electrostatic potential converter and voltage electrical resistance converter Converter Specific electric Esky Resistance Converter Electrical Conductivity Converter Specific Electrical Conductivity Electrical Capacity Converter Inductivity Converter American Wiring Caliber Levels in DBM (DBM or DBMW), DBV (DBB), Watts, etc. Units Magnetotorware Converter Magnetic Field Converter Magnetic Induction Converter Magnetic Flow Converter Magnetic Induction Radiation . Power converter absorbed dose of ionizing radiation radioactivity. Radioactive decay converter radiation. Converter exposure dose radiation. Converter absorbed dose converter decimal consoles data transmission converter units typography and image processing converter units of measurements of the volume of timber calculation of the molar mass Periodic system of chemical elements D. I. Mendeleev

1 Gigameter [GM] \u003d 10000000 Hectometer [GM]

Source value

Transformed value

meter Exammeter Petametre Terameter Gigameter Megameter Kilometer Hectarette Decameter Decimeter Santimeter Millimeter Micrometer MICROON Nanometer Pitchometer Femmetometer Attometer Mega Parteek Keloparsk Parsek Light Year Astronomical Unit League Marine League (Brit.) Sea League (International) League (Stattering) Mile Mile (Brit.) Sea Mile (international) mile (statutory) mile (USA, geodesic) mile (Roman) 1000 yards Farlong Farlong (USA, geodesic) Chein Chain (USA, geodesic) Rope (English Rope) genus Rod (USA, geodesic) Perch Paul (English . Pole) Sea Sausage, Fata Salah (USA, Geodesic) Elbow Yard Foot Foot (USA, Geodesic) Link Link (USA, Geodesic) Elbow (Brit.) Hend Page Finger Neil inch (USA, Geodesic) Barley Grain (English. Barleycorn) Matchy Microad Angstrom Atomic Unit of Fermi Fermi Fermi Fermi Length Sweetheart Typographic Point Twip Elbow (Swedish) Marine Salad (Swedish) Caliber Santiduim Ken Arshin Actus (Dr. Rome) Vara de Tarea Vara Conu Quera Vara Castellana Elbow (Greek) Long Reed Reed Long Elbow Palm "Finger" Plank Length Classic Electron Radius Borovsky Radius Equatorial Earth Radius Polar Earth Radius Distance from Earth to Sun Radius Sun Light Nanosecond Light Microsecond Light Millies Light Speed \u200b\u200bLight Speed \u200b\u200bLight Day Light Week Light Billion Light Years Distance from Earth to Moon Cable Cables (International) Cables (British) Cables (USA) Sea Mile (USA) Light Minute Shirty Unit Horizontal Pitch Cicero Pixel Line Inch (Russian) Hell Pig Foot Southene Decoration Salad Merchand

Converter feet and inches in meters and back

foot inch

m.

Read more about Length and Distance

General

Length is the greatest body measurement. In three-dimensional space, the length is usually measured horizontally.

The distance is the value that defines how much two bodies are removed from each other.

Distance and length measurement

Units of distance and length

In the system, the length is measured in meters. Derived values \u200b\u200bsuch as kilometer (1000 meters) and centimeter (1/100 meters) are also widely used in the metric system. In countries where they do not use the metric system, for example, in the United States and the UK, such units are used as inches, feet and miles.

Distance in physics and biology

In biology and physics, the length is often measured by a much less than one millimeter. For this, a special value is adopted, micrometer. One micrometer is 1 × 10 × meter. In biology in micrometers, the magnitude of microorganisms and cells is measured, and in physics - the length of infrared electromagnetic radiation. The micrometer is also called microns and sometimes, especially in English literature, denote by the Greek letter μ. Other derivatives are widely used: nanometers (1 × 10 × meter), Pitchometers (1 × 10⁻⁻² meter), femometters (1 × 10 ⁻⁻ × meter and attometers (1 × 10 ⁻ ⁻ ⁸ π).

Distance to Navigation

Sea miles use shipping. One sea mile is 1852 meters. It was originally measured as an arc in one minute by meridian, that is, 1 / (60 × 180) meridian. This facilitated the latitude computation, since 60 maritime miles were one degree of latitude. When the distance is measured in marine miles, speed is often measured in marine nodes. One sea knot is equal to the speed of movement into one marine mile per hour.

Distance in Astronomy

In astronomy, long distances are measured, therefore special values \u200b\u200bare adopted to facilitate computations.

Astronomical unit (a. e., Au) is equal to 149,597,870,700 meters. The magnitude of one astronomical unit is a constant, that is, a constant value. It is believed that the land is from the Sun at a distance of one astronomical unit.

Light year equal to 10 000 000 000 000 or 10¹ ³ kilometers. This is the distance that lights in Vacuum for one Julian year. This value is used in popular science literature more often than in physics and astronomy.

Parsec Approximately equal to 30 856 775 814 671 900 meters or approximately 3.09 × 10¹³ kilometers. One parsec is the distance from the Sun to another astronomical object, such as planets, stars, moon, or asteroid, with an angle of one angular second. One angular second is 1/3600 degrees, or approximately 4.8481368 MKRD in radians. Parsek can be calculated using pararallax - the effect of visible change in the position of the body, depending on the observation point. When measuring the segment E1A2 (on the illustration) from the Earth (point E1) to a star or another astronomical object (point A2) is packed. Six months later, when the sun is on the other side of the Earth, they launch a new segment E2A1 from the new position of the Earth (point E2) to the new position in the space of the same astronomical object (point A1). At the same time, the sun will be on the intersection of these two segments, at the point S. The length of each of the segments of E1S and E2S is equal to one astronomical unit. If you postpone the segment via the point S, perpendicular E1E2, it will pass through the intersection point of E1A2 and E2A1 segments, I. The distance from the Sun to the point I - Si segment, it is equal to one partare, when the angle between the segments A1i and A2i are two angular seconds.

On the image:

• A1, A2: Visible Star Position
• E1, E2: Earth's position
• S: Sun position
• I: intersection point
• IS \u003d 1 parse
• ∠P or ∠xia2: parallax angle
• ∠p \u003d 1 angular second

Other units

League - An outdated unit of length used earlier in many countries. In some places it is still used, for example, on the Yucatan Peninsula and in rural areas of Mexico. This is the distance that a person passes in an hour. The maritime league is three nautical miles, about 5.6 kilometers. League is an approximately equal to the league. In English and Lie, and leagues are called the same, League. In the literature, Lie is sometimes found in the name of books, such as "20,000 Lei under water" - the famous Roman Julie is true.

Elbow - an old value equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow. This value was widespread in the ancient world, in the Middle Ages, and before the new time.

Yard Used in the British imperial system of measures and is equal to three feet or 0.9144 meters. In some countries, for example, in Canada, where the metric system has been adopted, yards are used to measure the tissue and the length of the pools and sports fields and sites, such as golf courses and football.

Meter definition

The meter definition changed several times. Initially, the meter was determined as 1/10,000,000 distances from the North Pole to the equator. Later meter was equal to the length of platinumridium reference. Later, the meter was equal to the wavelength of the orange line of the electromagnetic spectrum of the crypton atom ⁸⁶kr in vacuo multiplied by 1 650 763.73. Today the meter is determined as a distance traveled by light in Vacuum for 1/299 792 458 seconds.

Calculations

In geometry, the distance between two points, A and B, with coordinates A (X₁, Y₁) and B (X₂, Y₂) are calculated by the formula:

And within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

Calculations for the translation of units in the converter " Length and distance converter»Performed using unitconversion.org functions.

There are multiple and dolly units of physical quantity.

Multiple unit - Unit of physical quantity, for an integer time a large systemic or non-system unit.

Dolly unit - Unit of physical quantity, for an integer time a smaller system or non-system unit. See Attachment.

The most progressive method of formation of multiple and dollane units is the decimal variety between large and smaller units adopted in the metric system. In accordance with the resolution of the XI General Conference on measures and weighs, decimal multiple and dollane units from units are formed by attaching consoles.

For example, a kilometer length unit is 10 3 m, i.e. A multiple meter, and the Millimeter length unit is 10 -3 m, i.e. is a dollar. Multiplers and consoles for the formation of multiple and dolle units of SI are shown in Table 1.2.

Introduced units- Units of physical quantities that are not included in the adopted system of units. They are divided:

On allowed to use on a par with units;

On allowed to use in special areas;

For temporarily allowed;

On obsolete (not allowed).

1.5. Systems of physical quantities and their units

Physical quantities are commonly divided into basic and derivatives.

Kelvin - 1 / 273,16 part of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water;

Mole -the amount of substance of the system containing as many structural elements as atoms contained in the nuclide of carbon-12 weighing 0.012 kg;

Kandela - The power of light in a given direction of the source emitting monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 * 10 12 Hz.

Derivative units of international units are formed with which called derivativesfrom them. For example, in Einstein formula E \u003d MC 2 (M - mass, C - speed light) mass - the main unit that can be measured by weighing; Energy (E) is a derivative unit. The main values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the basic units of measurements, and derivatives - derived units of measurements.

In this way, system of units of physical quantities (system units) - A combination of basic and derivative units of physical quantities, formed in accordance with the principles based on this system of physical quantities.

The first system of units is considered a metric system.

1.5.1. Main, additional and derivative units of the SI system

The main units of the international units were chosen in 1954 by the X General Conference on Measures and Lights. At the same time proceeded from that: 1) to cover the system of all areas of science and technology; 2) to create the basis for the formation of derived units for various physical quantities; 3) Take comfortable for practicing the size of the basic units that have already gained widespread; 4) Select units of such values \u200b\u200bwhose playback using the standards is possible with the greatest accuracy.

The international system of units includes two additional units - to measure flat and corngle.

Basic and additional units of C are provided in the application.

Meter- The length of the path that light is in vacuo for 1/299792458 share of a second;

Kilogram - mass equal to the mass of the international kilogram prototype (platinum cylindrical weight, height and diameter of which are 39 mm);

Second- the duration of the 9192631770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two levels of the hyperfine structure of the main state of the cesium-133 atom in the absence of perturbation from the external fields;

Ampere- the force of the non-changing current, which, when passing along two parallel conductors of an endless length and a negligible circular section, located at a distance of 1 m one from the other in a vacuum, would create a force between these conductions, equal to 2 * 10 -7 n per each meter of length ;

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the simplest equations between the values \u200b\u200bin which the numerical coefficients are equal to one.

For example, for a linear speed as a determining equation, an expression for the speed of uniform rectilinear movement V can be used = l / T. Then, with the length of the path traveled L (in meters) and time T (in seconds), the speed is expressed in meters per second (m / s). Therefore, the SI-meter speed unit per second is the speed of a straight and evenly moving point at which it is moved to a distance of 1 m during 1 s.

You may also be interested

International system units (SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL D "Unitees), system of units of physical quantities adopted by the 11th General Conference on Measures and Sighs (1960). Abbreviated designation of the system - Si (in Russian transcription - C). The international system of units is designed to replace the complex combination of systems of units and individual generating units established on the basis of metric system of mer., and simplifying the use of units. The advantages of the international system of units are its versatility (covers all branches of science and technology) and coherence, i.e., the coherence of derivatives of units, which are formed by equations that do not contain proportionality coefficients. Due to this, in the calculations, if you express the values \u200b\u200bof all values \u200b\u200bin units of the international units system, the formula does not require to introduce coefficients depending on the choice of units.

The table below shows the names and designations (international and Russian) main, additional and some derivatives of the international units of units, Russian designations are given in accordance with existing gtales; The designations provided for by the project of the new GOST "Units of Physical Values" are also given. The definition of basic and additional units and quantities, the relationship between them is given in articles on these units.

Main and derivative units of international units

The first three main units (meter, kilogram, second) allow forging coherent derivatives for all values \u200b\u200bhaving mechanical. Nature, the remaining added to form derivatives of units that do not agree to mechanical: Ampere - for electrical and magnetic values, Kelvin - for thermal, candela - for light and mol - for values \u200b\u200bin the field of physical. Chemistry and molecular physics. Such, units of radians and steradians serve to form derivative units depending on flat or corngle. For the formation of the names of decimal, multiple and dolle units serve as special. SI consoles: deci (for the formation of units equal to 10 -1 in relation to the initial), santi (10 -2), milli (10 -3), micro (10 -6), nano (10 -9), pico (10 -12), femto (10 -15), att ... (10 -18), dese (10 1), hecto (10 2), kilo (10 3), mega (10 6), giga (10 9), tera (10 12); cm. Multiple units, dollane units.

1.1. Connect the names of the names of natural phenomena and the corresponding types of physical phenomena.

1.2. Mark the checklock properties that the stone and the rubber harness possess.

1.3. Fill in the passes in the text so that the names of the sciences studying various phenomena at the junction of physics and astronomy, biology, geology.

1.4. Write down in standard form the following numbers according to the above sample.

2.1. Druel into the framework the properties that the physical body may not have.

2.2. The figure shows the bodies consisting of the same substance. Record the name of this substance.

2.3. Choose from the proposed words two words, denoting substances from which the corresponding parts of the simple pencil are made, and write them into empty windows.

2.4. With the help of arrows "sorted" words on baskets in accordance with their names, reflecting different physical concepts.

2.5. Write down the number according to the sample.

3.1. In the classroom, the teacher put the students on the tables the same in the form of magnetic arrows placed on the epic needles. All the arrows turned around their axis and frozen, but at the same time, one of them turned out to be turned to the north in the blue end, while others were red. The disciples were surprised, but during the conversation some of them expressed their hypotheses, why could have happened. Note what pupils put forward by the pupils can be refuted, and what - no, stressed the unnecessary word in the right column of the table.

3.2. Choose the right continuation of the phrase "The physics phenomenon is considered to be actually flowing, if ..."

3.3. Extra offer.

3.4. Choose the correct continuation of the phrase.

3.5. Back in antiquity people watched that:

4.1. Finish the phrase.

4.2. Insert the missing words and letters into the text.
In the international system of units (si):

4.3. a) Express multiple units of length in meters and vice versa.

b) Express meter in dolle units and vice versa.

c) Express a second in dolle units and vice versa.

d) express in the basic units of the length of the length.

e) express in the main units of the time intervals of time.

e) Express the following values \u200b\u200bin the basic units.

4.4. Measure the line of the textbook page L width. Express the result in centimeters, millimeters and meters.

4.5. The core wrapped the core as shown in the figure. The winding width turned out to be equal to l \u003d 9 mm. What is the diameter D wire? Answer express in these units.

4.6. Record the lengths of the length and square in the specified units according to the sample.

4.7. Determine the S1 triangle area and S2 trapezing in the specified units.

4.8. Record the values \u200b\u200bof the volume in the main units of the SI according to the sample.

4.9. The bathroom was poured first with a volume of 0.2 m3 with a volume of 0.2 m3, then cold water was added with a volume of 2 liters. What is the volume of water in the bath?

4.10. Extra offer. "The price of dividing the thermometer scale is _____.

5.1. Take advantage of the pattern and fill in the pass in the text.

5.2. Record the values \u200b\u200bof the volume of water in the vessels, taking into account the measurement error.

5.3. Write down the length of the table length measured by different rules, taking into account the measurement error.

5.4. Write down the readings of the clock shown in the figure.

5.5. The disciples measured the length of their tables with different devices and the results recorded in the table.

6.1. Underline the names of the devices that use the electric motor.

6.2. Home experiment.
1. Measure the diameter D and the circumference length L in the five cylindrical items using a thread and a ruler (see Fig.). Names of items and measurement results Record to the table. Use the items of different sizes. For an example in the first column of the table, the values \u200b\u200bobtained for the vessel with a diameter d \u003d 11 cm and the circumference length L \u003d 35 cm are already delivered.

2. Using a table, build a graph of the dependence of the circumference of the L object from its diameter d. To do this, on the coordinate plane you need to build six points according to the table data and connect their straight line. For an example on the plane, a point with coordinates (D, L) for the vessel is already constructed. Similarly, on the same plane building points for other bodies.

3. Using the resulting schedule, determine what is equal to the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the plastic bottle, if the length of its circle L \u003d 19cm.
d \u003d 6 cm

6.3. Home experiment.
1. Measure the dimensions of the matchbox using a line with millimeter divisions and write down these values, taking into account the measurement error.

The previous record means that the true lengths of length, widths and heights box are within:

2. Calculate, in what limits is the true value of the box.

A multiple unit is called a unit, for an integer number of times a large systemic or non-systemic unit. For example, a multiple length of length - a kilometer of 1000 times more than the original unit of a multiple unit of time - a minute of 60 times more than a second, a multiple unit of capacity - a hectoliter 100 times more than an extra system unit of the liter

The dolly unit is called a unit, for an integer one times a smaller system or an incoming unit. For example, a dollar length of length - a nanometer 109 times less than a meter, a dollar unit of a flat angle - a minute is 60 times less than a degree.

Most convenient for use decimal multiples and dollane units, i.e., units formed by multiplication or division by number 10 or a degree of ten with an integer indicator. The state standard "Units of physical quantities" provides for the use of mainly decimal multiple and dolly units specified in Table. 2.

The names of decimal multiple and dollane units are formed by the connection of the consoles to the names of the source units. The following rules are followed:

1) Connection of two and more consoles in a row is not allowed. For example, a dolly unit of electric container is formed with one Pico console, but not with two prefixes "micro", i.e., a dolly unit "Picofarada" is used, and not the "microcrofarad";

2) in the formation of the name of a decimal multiple or a dollar unit from the main unit of C - kilogram,

the name of which already contains a console, a new console attach to a simple name, i.e. to the name of "Gram". For example, a multiple unit is called "MegaGrams", and not "kilokilogram";

3) It is impossible to assign our own names with dolle and multiple units. In accordance with this rule, it should be abandoned by such, for example, names, like micron or Millimikron instead of the names "Micron" and "Millimikron" should be applied to the names according to the "micrometer" and "nanometer";

4) If the name of the source unit consists of one word (meter, ampere, Newton, etc.), the console is written pickedly with the name of the unit (millimeter, microamper, kilonutyton);

5) With a complex name of the derivative unit, the prefix attach to the name of the first unit included in the product or in the fraction numerator. For example, a multiple unit of moment is called "Kilo-Newton-meter", but not "Newton kilometer"; A multiple unit of specific acoustic resistance is called "Kilopascal-second for meter", but not "Pascal-Kilo-second for meter";

6) with a complex name of a unit formed as a combination of units with a multiple or dollar unit of length, area or volume, it is allowed to use consoles in the second multiplier of the numerator or in a denominator, such as a ton kilometer, watt per square centimeter, volts per centimeter, ampere per square millimeter, etc.;

7) To form the names of multiple and dollane units from a unit, erected into a degree different from the first, the prefix attach to the name of the unit to the first degree. For example, for the formation of a multiple or dollar unit from a unit of Square - square meterrepresenting a second degree of a number of length - meter, the console attach to the name of this last unit: a square kilometer, a square centimeter, etc.;

8) Consoles of Hekto, Dec, Decy, Santi is allowed to be used only in the names of multiple and dolly units that have already received widespread use (for example, hectare, decalitr, decimeter, centimeter, etc.).

When making multiple and perception units, the rules should be guided by the rules:

a) the designations of the consoles are written in a punch with the designations of the units to which they are joined, for example mg and milligram), mm (megameter), PF (Picofarad), etc.;

b) The designations of multiple and dollane units from a unit to a degree, differing from the first, form the construction of a multiple or dollar from this unit to the first degree, and the indicator of the extent refers to the entire designation (together with the prefix), for example:

When expressing the value in decimal multiple and dollane units, the console should be selected in such a way that the numeric values \u200b\u200bare in the range from 0.1 to 1000. For example, to express the length equal to choose the "Micro" prefix, but not "Mil-Lee" And not "Nano." With the prefix "Micro" we obtain that is, the number in the range from 0.1 to 1000. With the prefix "Milli" we get The number is less than the prefix "Nano" we obtain that is, the number is greater than 1000.

From among the non-definite multiple and dollane units, only the unit of time is allowed to use for a minute, hour, day and units of a flat angle - degrees, minute, second (see Table 13, as well as § 26).

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1 Gigameter [GM] \u003d 10000000 Hectometer [GM]

Source value

Transformed value

meter Exammeter Petametre Terameter Gigameter Megameter Kilometer Hectarette Decameter Decimeter Santimeter Millimeter Micrometer MICROON Nanometer Pitchometer Femmetometer Attometer Mega Parteek Keloparsk Parsek Light Year Astronomical Unit League Marine League (Brit.) Sea League (International) League (Stattering) Mile Mile (Brit.) Sea Mile (international) mile (statutory) mile (USA, geodesic) mile (Roman) 1000 yards Farlong Farlong (USA, geodesic) Chein Chain (USA, geodesic) Rope (English Rope) genus Rod (USA, geodesic) Perch Paul (English . Pole) Sea Sausage, Fata Salah (USA, Geodesic) Elbow Yard Foot Foot (USA, Geodesic) Link Link (USA, Geodesic) Elbow (Brit.) Hend Page Finger Neil inch (USA, Geodesic) Barley Grain (English. Barleycorn) Matchy Microad Angstrom Atomic Unit of Fermi Fermi Fermi Fermi Length Sweetheart Typographic Point Twip Elbow (Swedish) Marine Salad (Swedish) Caliber Santiduim Ken Arshin Actus (Dr. Rome) Vara de Tarea Vara Conu Quera Vara Castellana Elbow (Greek) Long Reed Reed Long Elbow Palm "Finger" Plank Length Classic Electron Radius Borovsky Radius Equatorial Earth Radius Polar Earth Radius Distance from Earth to Sun Radius Sun Light Nanosecond Light Microsecond Light Millies Light Speed \u200b\u200bLight Speed \u200b\u200bLight Day Light Week Light Billion Light Years Distance from Earth to Moon Cable Cables (International) Cables (British) Cables (USA) Sea Mile (USA) Light Minute Shirty Unit Horizontal Pitch Cicero Pixel Line Inch (Russian) Hell Pig Foot Southene Decoration Salad Merchand

Converter feet and inches in meters and back

foot inch

m.

Read more about Length and Distance

General

Length is the greatest body measurement. In three-dimensional space, the length is usually measured horizontally.

The distance is the value that defines how much two bodies are removed from each other.

Distance and length measurement

Units of distance and length

In the system, the length is measured in meters. Derived values \u200b\u200bsuch as kilometer (1000 meters) and centimeter (1/100 meters) are also widely used in the metric system. In countries where they do not use the metric system, for example, in the United States and the UK, such units are used as inches, feet and miles.

Distance in physics and biology

In biology and physics, the length is often measured by a much less than one millimeter. For this, a special value is adopted, micrometer. One micrometer is 1 × 10 × meter. In biology in micrometers, the magnitude of microorganisms and cells is measured, and in physics - the length of infrared electromagnetic radiation. The micrometer is also called microns and sometimes, especially in English literature, denote by the Greek letter μ. Other derivatives are widely used: nanometers (1 × 10 × meter), Pitchometers (1 × 10⁻⁻² meter), femometters (1 × 10 ⁻⁻ × meter and attometers (1 × 10 ⁻ ⁻ ⁸ π).

Distance to Navigation

Sea miles use shipping. One sea mile is 1852 meters. It was originally measured as an arc in one minute by meridian, that is, 1 / (60 × 180) meridian. This facilitated the latitude computation, since 60 maritime miles were one degree of latitude. When the distance is measured in marine miles, speed is often measured in marine nodes. One sea knot is equal to the speed of movement into one marine mile per hour.

Distance in Astronomy

In astronomy, long distances are measured, therefore special values \u200b\u200bare adopted to facilitate computations.

Astronomical unit (a. e., Au) is equal to 149,597,870,700 meters. The magnitude of one astronomical unit is a constant, that is, a constant value. It is believed that the land is from the Sun at a distance of one astronomical unit.

Light year equal to 10 000 000 000 000 or 10¹ ³ kilometers. This is the distance that lights in Vacuum for one Julian year. This value is used in popular science literature more often than in physics and astronomy.

Parsec Approximately equal to 30 856 775 814 671 900 meters or approximately 3.09 × 10¹³ kilometers. One parsec is the distance from the Sun to another astronomical object, such as planets, stars, moon, or asteroid, with an angle of one angular second. One angular second is 1/3600 degrees, or approximately 4.8481368 MKRD in radians. Parsek can be calculated using pararallax - the effect of visible change in the position of the body, depending on the observation point. When measuring the segment E1A2 (on the illustration) from the Earth (point E1) to a star or another astronomical object (point A2) is packed. Six months later, when the sun is on the other side of the Earth, they launch a new segment E2A1 from the new position of the Earth (point E2) to the new position in the space of the same astronomical object (point A1). At the same time, the sun will be on the intersection of these two segments, at the point S. The length of each of the segments of E1S and E2S is equal to one astronomical unit. If you postpone the segment via the point S, perpendicular E1E2, it will pass through the intersection point of E1A2 and E2A1 segments, I. The distance from the Sun to the point I - Si segment, it is equal to one partare, when the angle between the segments A1i and A2i are two angular seconds.

On the image:

• A1, A2: Visible Star Position
• E1, E2: Earth's position
• S: Sun position
• I: intersection point
• IS \u003d 1 parse
• ∠P or ∠xia2: parallax angle
• ∠p \u003d 1 angular second

Other units

League - An outdated unit of length used earlier in many countries. In some places it is still used, for example, on the Yucatan Peninsula and in rural areas of Mexico. This is the distance that a person passes in an hour. The maritime league is three nautical miles, about 5.6 kilometers. League is an approximately equal to the league. In English and Lie, and leagues are called the same, League. In the literature, Lie is sometimes found in the name of books, such as "20,000 Lei under water" - the famous Roman Julie is true.

Elbow - an old value equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow. This value was widespread in the ancient world, in the Middle Ages, and before the new time.

Yard Used in the British imperial system of measures and is equal to three feet or 0.9144 meters. In some countries, for example, in Canada, where the metric system has been adopted, yards are used to measure the tissue and the length of the pools and sports fields and sites, such as golf courses and football.

Meter definition

The meter definition changed several times. Initially, the meter was determined as 1/10,000,000 distances from the North Pole to the equator. Later meter was equal to the length of platinumridium reference. Later, the meter was equal to the wavelength of the orange line of the electromagnetic spectrum of the crypton atom ⁸⁶kr in vacuo multiplied by 1 650 763.73. Today the meter is determined as a distance traveled by light in Vacuum for 1/299 792 458 seconds.

Calculations

In geometry, the distance between two points, A and B, with coordinates A (X₁, Y₁) and B (X₂, Y₂) are calculated by the formula:

And within a few minutes you will receive an answer.

Calculations for the translation of units in the converter " Length and distance converter»Performed using unitconversion.org functions.

There are multiple and dolly units of physical quantity.

Multiple unit - Unit of physical quantity, for an integer time a large systemic or non-system unit.

Dolly unit - Unit of physical quantity, for an integer time a smaller system or non-system unit. See Attachment.

The most progressive method of formation of multiple and dollane units is the decimal variety between large and smaller units adopted in the metric system. In accordance with the resolution of the XI General Conference on measures and weighs, decimal multiple and dollane units from units are formed by attaching consoles.

For example, a kilometer length unit is 10 3 m, i.e. A multiple meter, and the Millimeter length unit is 10 -3 m, i.e. is a dollar. Multiplers and consoles for the formation of multiple and dolle units of SI are shown in Table 1.2.

Introduced units- Units of physical quantities that are not included in the adopted system of units. They are divided:

On allowed to use on a par with units;

On allowed to use in special areas;

For temporarily allowed;

On obsolete (not allowed).

1.5. Systems of physical quantities and their units

Physical quantities are commonly divided into basic and derivatives.

Kelvin - 1 / 273,16 part of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water;

Mole -the amount of substance of the system containing as many structural elements as atoms contained in the nuclide of carbon-12 weighing 0.012 kg;

Kandela - The power of light in a given direction of the source emitting monochromatic radiation with a frequency of 540 * 10 12 Hz.

Derivative units of international units are formed with which called derivativesfrom them. For example, in Einstein formula E \u003d MC 2 (M - mass, C - speed light) mass - the main unit that can be measured by weighing; Energy (E) is a derivative unit. The main values \u200b\u200bcorrespond to the basic units of measurements, and derivatives - derived units of measurements.

In this way, system of units of physical quantities (system units) - A combination of basic and derivative units of physical quantities, formed in accordance with the principles based on this system of physical quantities.

The first system of units is considered a metric system.

1.5.1. Main, additional and derivative units of the SI system

The main units of the international units were chosen in 1954 by the X General Conference on Measures and Lights. At the same time proceeded from that: 1) to cover the system of all areas of science and technology; 2) to create the basis for the formation of derived units for various physical quantities; 3) Take comfortable for practicing the size of the basic units that have already gained widespread; 4) Select units of such values \u200b\u200bwhose playback using the standards is possible with the greatest accuracy.

The international system of units includes two additional units - to measure flat and corngle.

Basic and additional units of C are provided in the application.

Meter- The length of the path that light is in vacuo for 1/299792458 share of a second;

Kilogram - mass equal to the mass of the international kilogram prototype (platinum cylindrical weight, height and diameter of which are 39 mm);

Second- the duration of the 9192631770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two levels of the hyperfine structure of the main state of the cesium-133 atom in the absence of perturbation from the external fields;

Ampere- the force of the non-changing current, which, when passing along two parallel conductors of an endless length and a negligible circular section, located at a distance of 1 m one from the other in a vacuum, would create a force between these conductions, equal to 2 * 10 -7 n per each meter of length ;

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the simplest equations between the values \u200b\u200bin which the numerical coefficients are equal to one.

For example, for a linear speed as a determining equation, an expression for the speed of uniform rectilinear movement V can be used = l / T. Then, with the length of the path traveled L (in meters) and time T (in seconds), the speed is expressed in meters per second (m / s). Therefore, the SI-meter speed unit per second is the speed of a straight and evenly moving point at which it is moved to a distance of 1 m during 1 s.

Introduced units of measure

The international system of units and the units themselves were in centuries, while certain traditions and habits arose. Thus, in all marine ships, the speed is measured in nodes (1 node is 1 sea mile per hour), barrel (1 barrel \u003d 158.988 × 10 -3 m3) is used to measure the capacity of oil in the United States (1 barrel \u003d 158.988 × 10 -3 m3), a pressure unit has emerged - the atmosphere.

There are many units that are not part of the international system and other units systems, but, nevertheless, they are widely used in science, technology, everyday life. Such units are called systems. Respectively systemic Call units included in one of the accepted systems.

In accordance with GOST 8.417, non-system units are divided into four types in relation to systemic:

1) allowed to use on a par with units of C, for example: a unit of mass - ton; flat corner - degrees, minute, second; volume - liter; time is a minute, hour, day, etc.;

2) allowable to use in special areas, for example: an astronomical unit, parsek, light year - units of length in astronomy; Diopteria is an optical force unit in optics; electron-volt - a unit of energy in physics; kilowatt-hour - energy unit for counters; hectare - unit of square in rural and forestry, etc.;

3) temporarily allowed to use on a par with SI units, for example: a naval mile, a node - in marine navigation; carat - a unit of mass in jewelry; Bar is a unit of pressure in physics, etc. These units must gradually be withdrawn from consumption in accordance with international agreements;

4) seized from use (i.e., with new developments, the use of these units is not recommended), for example: a millimeter of a mercury pillar, a kilogram-force per square centimeter - pressure units; angstrom, micron - units of length; Ar - Unit of Square; Centner - unit of mass; horsepower - power unit; Caloi - unit of the amount of heat and others.

There are multiple and dolle units of quantities.

Multiple unit - This is a unit of physical quantity, for an integer in a number of times greater than a systemic or generated unit. For example, a kilometer length unit is 10 3 m, i.e. multiple meter.

Dolly unit - Unit of physical quantity, the value of which is a number of times less than a systemic or generating unit. For example, a millimeter length is 10 -3 m, i.e. is a dollar.

For the convenience of applying units of physical quantities, the prefixes are taken to form the names of decimal multiple units and dolle units, Table. 1.3.

Table 1.3.

Farmers and consoles for the formation of decimal multiple and dolly units and their names

Consoles for multiple units

Multiple units - Units that for an integer occasionally exceed the main unit of measurement of some physical quantity. The international system of units (C) recommends the following consoles for the designations of multiple units:

Binary understanding of consoles

In programming and industries associated with computers, the same consoles of kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, etc. In the case of applied to values, multiple detects of two (eg, bytes), can mean multiplicity not 1000 , and 1024 \u003d 2 10. What kind of system is used, should be clear from the context (for example, in relation to the range of RAM, multiplicity 1024 is used, and in relation to the volume of the disk memory, manufacturers of rigid disks are multiplicity 1000).

In order to avoid confusion in April 1999, the International Electrotechnical Commission introduced a new standard on the name of binary numbers (see binary consoles).

Consoles for Dolly Units

Dolly units, make up a definable share (part) from the established unit of measurement of a certain amount. The international system of units (SI) recommends the following consoles for the designations of dolly units:

The origin of the consoles

Most consoles are formed from Greek words. Deck comes from the word DECA or DEKA (Δέκα) - "Ten", hekto - from Hekaton (ἑκατόν) - "STO", KILO - from Chiloi (ίίΛιοι) - "Thousand", mega - from megas (μέγα), that is, " Big, "Giga is a gigantos (γίγας) -" giant ", and the tera - from TeratOS (τέρας), which means" monstrous ". Pet (έέντε) and ex (ἕξ) correspond to five and six discharges over a thousand and translated, respectively, as "five" and "six". Dolly micro (from Micros, μικκός) and Nano (from Nanos, νᾶνος) are translated as "small" and "dwarf". From one word ὀκτώ (októ), meaning "eight", the consoles of yott (1000 8) and yokto (1/1000 8) are formed.

As a "thousand" translates and Mill's prefix, ascending to Latin Mille. Latin roots also have the prefixes of Santi - from Centum ("STO") and Deci - from Decimus ("Tenth"), Zetta - from Septem ("Seven"). Zepto ("Seven") comes from the Latin word Septem or from French sept.

Atto's prefix is \u200b\u200bformed from Danish Atten ("Eighteen"). Femto dates back to the Danish (Norwegian) femten or to the Old Island Fimmtān and means "fifteen".

Picky prefix takes place either from French Pico ("Beak" or "Small Quantity"), or from Italian Piccolo, that is, "small".

Rules for using consoles

• The prefixes should be written with a unit name or, accordingly, with its designation.
• The use of two or more consoles in a row (eg, microwiellifarad) is not permitted.
• The designations of multiple and dolle units of the source unit erected into a degree form to add the corresponding indicator to the designation of a multiple or dolly unit of the source unit, and the indicator means the construction of a multiple or dollar unit (along with the prefix). Example: 1 km² \u003d (10³ m) ² \u003d 10 6 m² (and not 10³ m²). The names of such units form, attaching the prefix to the name of the source unit: a square kilometer (and not a kilo-square meter).
• If the unit is a product or relationship of units, the console, or its designation, attach, as a rule, to the name or designation of the first unit: kPa · s / m (kilopascal-second per meter). Attach the prefix to the second factor of the work or to the denominator is allowed only at substantive cases.

Applicability of consoles

Due to the fact that the name of the mass unit in a kilogram - contains a "kilo" console, for the formation of multiple and dolly units of mass use a dolly unit of mass - gram (0.001 kg).

The prefixes are limited to units of time: the multiple consoles are not combined at all with them (no one uses the "Cylocent", although it is formally not prohibited), the dolly consoles are joined only by a second (millisecond, microsecond, etc.). In accordance with GOST 8.417-2002, the name and designations of the following units of C are not allowed to be applied with consoles: minute, hour, day (units of time), degrees, minute, second (units of a flat angle), an astronomical unit, diopteria and an atomic unit of mass.

see also

• NON-SI UNIT PREFIX (English Wikipedia)
• IEEE Standard for prefixes (eng.)

Literature