Presentation on social science "the role of the state in the economy." Presentation on the topic "The role of the state in the economy" Price is a guideline for the producer and consumer

This presentation reveals the essence of the market, its types and functions. This topic is relevant, since the modern economy of developed countries is of a market nature. This economy is efficient now and will determine the economy of the future in all countries of the world.

The purpose of the presentation is to study the market, its essence, causes, main features, functions, types, as well as positive and negative aspects of the market mechanism.

The presentation can be used in a social studies lesson for accompanying the explanation of new material, primary consolidation of knowledge, generalization and systematization of knowledge.

*Conditions for the emergence and function of the market.

*Classification of markets.

*Main market factors and economic laws in force in the markets.

MARKET- these are all organizational, legal and material mechanisms and institutions that ensure the exchange of goods, everything that connects the seller and the buyer in their desire to increase their wealth. MARKET - a meeting place for sellers and buyers, where their interests collide

Market Basis

stimulating

Intermediary

informing

Market Functions

Regulatory

Pricing

Sanitizing

Market classification

Service market

Innovation Market

Market

real estate

goods market

Investment market

capital market

Market

work force

land market

Credit market

Stocks and bods market

Market

information

funds market

production

By territorial

sign

National

regional

By degree of saturation

Excess market

According to the mechanism of operation

Free

Monopolized

adjustable

State regulated

From a legal point of view

illegal

legal

Ask

sentence

Main

market

factors

Competition

Price

Law of value

Law of supply and demand

The law of value is the economic law of commodity production, according to which the production and exchange of goods are carried out in accordance with the socially necessary expenditures of labor.

Price is the monetary expression of value. Cost is the cost expressed in money for the production and sale of goods.

The most important instrument of a market economy are demand and sentence.

Demand is those goods and services that the consumer has chosen to buy and is willing to buy at a certain price level.

The basis of demand-need.

Needs are those goods and services that people would like to have if they did not have to pay for them or for which there would be enough money to buy.

Demand - needs limited by the solvency of the buyer.

The law of demand states that as the price of a good rises, the demand for it will fall.

The price is a reference point for the producer and the consumer.

The price is a signal for the market.

Price

growing

Production

expands

Production

shrinking

Price

falls

Law of demand

The quantity demanded is inversely related to the price:

demand is lower

the price is higher

demand is higher

the price is lower

The offer is the amount of goods that the seller is willing to offer the buyer in a specific place and at a specific time.

The law of supply states that as the price of a commodity rises, the quantity supplied to the market will increase.

Law of supply

The value of the offer is directly dependent on the price:

sentence

the price is higher

sentence

the price is lower

Competition

Competition is the struggle between participants in the market economy for the most favorable conditions for the production and sale of goods.

Competition

Market advantages:

efficient allocation of resources;

adaptation to changing conditions;

freedom of choice and actions of producers and consumers;

maximum use of scientific and technological achievements;

satisfaction of various needs;

improving the quality of goods and services. .

Market Disadvantages:

does not contribute to the conservation of non-reproducible resources;

does not create incentives for the production of goods and services for collective use;

does not guarantee full employment and a stable price level;

gives rise to social injustice and the stratification of society into rich and poor.

The market is a sphere of free exchange of equivalent goods and

services.

The market emerges as a result

social division of labor.

conclusions

Demand is the goods and services that a consumer is willing to buy at a certain price level.

Demand is inversely related to the price of goods: higher price - lower demand.

The offer is the amount of goods that the seller is willing to offer the buyer.

The offer is directly dependent on the price: the higher the price - the more offer.

Market equilibrium occurs when demand equals supply.

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Presentation of the social studies teacher of the Odessa Secondary School No. 2 Borodavkina Irina Alexandrovna

Weaknesses of the market economy Monopolization of markets Economic crises Unemployment Inflation Difficulties in creating public goods Income inequality Emergence of externalities Economic instability Economic crimes Bankruptcies

The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of the state as a subject of economic relations Lesson objectives: to be able to identify the main economic functions of the state; be able to explain the reasons for the existence of the public sector in a market economy; know the most important areas of state intervention in the economy

The goal of the state is a joint promotion to a high quality of life. Aristotle

Your Topic Goes Here At the dawn of economic science, A. Smith put forward the idea of non-intervention of the state in the economy. Indeed, the "mother" of wealth is nature, the "father" of wealth is labor. And what about the state?

State in a market economy

Functions of the state 1. Providing a legal framework: granting legal status to enterprises determining property rights guaranteeing compliance with contracts establishing “rules of the game” for the relationship of firms among themselves acting as an arbiter

State functions 2. Adjustment of resource allocation: creation of public goods public sector neutralization (elimination) of negative external effects

Functions of the state 3. Protection of competition: adoption of antimonopoly laws regulation of prices and standards in natural monopolies with the help of public commissions application of financial sanctions

Functions of the state 4. Stabilization of the economy: ensuring high employment fighting inflation stimulating economic growth helping the private sector to solve problems

Functions of the state 5. Maintenance of internal order in the country 6. Ensuring the country's monetary system 7. Uniform tax policy 8. Application of a system of standards 9. Ensuring social protection of the population 10. Preservation and improvement of the environment 11. Realization of national interests

The role of the state in the economy The state is an economic entity that seeks to preserve the economic order, the political expression of which is itself.

state economy state economy state economy state economy economy state Which scheme reflects the relationship between the state and the economy to a greater extent? state

Homework: Chapter 12 Creative Assignment (Optional): Newspaper Articles Exercise - Evaluation Exercise "Economic Functions of the State" with various information sources. Imagine and describe a situation in which the state was excluded from the sphere of the economy.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Examination The role of the state in the economy. 9 (11) class

Test work on the section The role of the state in the economy, including the topic Taxes. Can be used in lessons in 9th grade if children study the subject in high school, or in 11th grade if eq...

Lesson in grade 10 in social science "The role of the state in the economy"

Students should know what taxation is; know the types of taxes; be able to characterize the types of taxation, ways and methods of effective tax collection; be able to analyze the situation with the internal ...

Presentation for the lesson of social science in grade 10 "The role of the state in the economy"

The presentation covers the following issues: 1. Economic functions of the state 2. Taxes, taxation, types of taxes 3. State budget 4. State debt ....

Main types of economic systems Lines of comparison Traditional Centralized (command) Market What to produce? Products of agriculture, hunting, fishing. Few products and services are produced. What to produce is determined by customs and traditions that change slowly Determined by groups of professionals: engineers, economists, computer specialists, industry representatives - “planners” Determined by the consumers themselves. Producers produce what consumers want, i.e. what can be bought How to produce? They produce in the same way as what their ancestors produced. Determined by the state plan. Determined by the producers themselves.

Main types of economic systems Lines of comparison Traditional Centralized (command) Market For whom? Most people live on the edge of survival. The surplus product goes to the chiefs or landowners, the rest is distributed according to customs and traditions Planners, directed by political leaders, determine who and how much goods and services will receive Consumers get as much as they want, producers - profit - excess income from the sale of T and Y over the cost of their production DefinitionE.S. with a natural form of management, in which the production of material goods and services is carried out to meet the producer's own needs, and decisions on the production, distribution and consumption of eq. goods are accepted on the basis of the customs and traditions of E.S., in which eq. the activities of all subjects are strictly regulated from a single eq. center in accordance with the state plan E.S., in which decisions on production, distribution and consumption are made by independent eq. subjects on the basis of freedom of choice

A. “... In order to close any loophole through which products could escape state control, in March 1933 a decree was issued in the USSR according to which, until the district fulfills the plan for grain procurement, 90% of the milled grain was given to the state, and the remaining 10% were distributed among the collective farmers as an advance payment for work. The opening of collective farm markets ... depended on whether the collective farms of the region coped with the implementation of the plan ... The authorities announced the establishment of an exceptionally high monetary taxation of private peasants ... "

B. “In October 1922, a new Land Code was adopted in our country, according to which the peasants received the right to freely leave the rural community, to choose the forms of land use. Strict centralization in the supply of industrial enterprises with raw materials and in the distribution of finished products was abolished. The factories independently solved the issues of procurement of raw materials and the sale of finished products.

V. “In national history, the end of the 1920s is remarkable, when in June 1918 a decree was issued on the nationalization of large-scale industry, and in November 1920 of small industry. According to the decree of January 11, 1919, all surplus grain was confiscated from the peasants. Non-monetary settlements dominated everywhere. Payment for labor was carried out with food, basic necessities. In 1919, free food was introduced for children, and then for workers in industry and transport.”

Functions of the state: 1) Collection and dissemination of reliable economic information. 2) Control over the use of natural resources, environmental protection. 3) Helps the poor, solves social problems. 4) Protects the interests of consumers, controls the quality of goods and services. 5) Protects the property of citizens, firms. 6) Protect the mechanism of competition, prevent monopoly, save the market. 7) Supports public institutions. 8) Formation of legislation on economic issues, judicial protection of citizens, firms. 9) Regulates the country's monetary economy. 10) Prevention of economic crises.

TAXES (by territorial level) FEDERAL PIT - personal income tax; corporate income tax; VAT - value added tax; excises; mineral extraction tax; water tax; fees for the use of wildlife and aquatic biological resources; state duty REGIONAL LOCAL corporate property tax; gambling business tax; transport tax land tax; personal property tax

TYPES OF TAXATION Progressive - a system in which there is a flexible scale of tax rates: a higher tax rate is taken from a larger income, and a lower one from a smaller one (it helps to equalize the difference in income between the rich and the poor); Regressive is a system that is the opposite of a progressive one (from a higher income - a lower tax rate, and vice versa); Proportional - regardless of the amount of income, the same tax is levied on all persons (in Russia 13%)

The role of the state in the economy

8th grade. Social science

The role of the state in the economy

Depends on the type of economic system!

Traditional system

command system

market system

Traditional system

dominance of subsistence farming.
commitment to tradition.
There is no commodity-money exchange.
Lack of technical progress.
Land and capital are in common ownership.

command system

The state strictly regulates production, exchange and distribution.
Planning.
Land and capital are predominantly owned by the state.

market system

The manufacturer decides what, how and for whom to produce.
Land and capital are in private hands.
The state ensures order in society within the framework of the law.

“... In order to close any loophole through which products could get out of state control, in March 1933. in the USSR, a decree was issued according to which, until the district fulfills the grain procurement plan, 90% of the milled grain was given to the state, and the remaining 10% was distributed among collective farmers as an advance payment for work.

What type of system characterizes the text?

“... In October 1922. In our country, a new Land Code was adopted, according to which the peasants received the right ... to choose the forms of land use. Strict centralization ... was abolished. The factories independently solved the issues of procurement of raw materials and the sale of finished products.

State functions

Control over the use of natural resources, environmental protection.
Helping the poor, solving social problems.
Protecting the interests of consumers and entrepreneurs.
Property protection.
Creation of laws on economic issues.
Regulation of the money supply in the country.
Prevention of economic crises.

belief

Taxation

Regulation

State

Economy

In connection with the increase in the price of bread, the inhabitants of the N-th region began to stock up on products "for the future." Such a boom in goods has led to a shortage of many products.

Which of the methods will be successful in this situation and why?

Automotive companies in the country began to go bankrupt due to the fact that citizens buy only foreign cars, as they are cheaper and more practical to operate.