slide 1
The work was done by a student of grade 11A Victoria Kulikova Global demographic problem of the world.slide 2
Increasing growth in the population of the Earth Every year the population of the Earth is increasing, especially in the most populated territory of the world - South Asia, where both demographic superpowers are located: China and India - an increase per year is 27 ppm.
slide 3
Reasons (developing countries): Traditions of early marriages; Influence of religion; Traditions of large families; Prohibition on abortion; Reasons for the Increase in Population Growth
slide 4
The current demographic situation is a global problem, primarily because the rapid growth of the population occurs in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Thus, the world population increased daily in 1992 by 254 thousand people. Less than 13,000 of this number were in industrialized countries, the remaining 241,000 were in developing countries. Population explosion.
slide 5
If this growth continues for at least another couple of centuries, the entire earth's surface will be filled with inhabitants with the population density of today's Moscow. And after six centuries, for every inhabitant of the planet there will be only 1 square. m. of land. According to UN experts, by 2025 the world population will reach 8.3 billion people. At present, more than 130 million people are born annually on the globe, 50 million die; thus, the population growth is approximately 80 million people. Population explosion.
slide 6
No less relevant is the direct connection between the growth of the world population and such global problems as the provision of mankind with natural resources and environmental pollution. The rapid growth of the rural population has already led in many of the developing countries to such a "pressure" on natural resources (soil, vegetation, wildlife, fresh water, etc.), which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew themselves. The filling of space is going on very quickly, and the waste is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening. The problem of living space is not new. Lack of resources and space.
Slide 7
The earth is inhabited not only by its inhabitants, but also by cars, motorcycles, airplanes. The 250 million cars in the world require as much oxygen as the entire population of the Earth. And after 2 centuries, according to some scientists, oxygen will completely disappear from the atmosphere. There is not even enough underground space. Entire cities are formed underground: sewers, conductive systems, subways, shelters. The impact of technology on the earth
Slide 8
- Diseases - Climate - Food - Predators Causes of the fall in the population of the Earth
Slide 9
Air pollution. Authorities in all European countries are trying to fight for clean air. But despite all the measures, residents of many cities have to inhale a huge amount of harmful substances for health. Among the most common: Carbon monoxide (exhaust gases, solid fuels, tobacco smoke). Lead (gasoline with lead additives). Nitrogen oxides (power plants, transport, thermal installations). Sulfur dioxide (formed when coal and oil are burned). Diseases. Environmental pollution.
slide 10
slide 11
Stress can be caused by very different life situations, from everyday incidents to life-changing events (loss of a job, death of a loved one). If, due to stress, you lose your sense of joy in life, your relationships with other people are disrupted, your sleep is disturbed, your appetite changes, if you stop feeling healthy, this means that your body is sending you signals that the stress was excessive. Nervous overload and stress.
Demogra
fia
(ancient Greek δῆμος - people, other Greek γράφω - I write) - a science that studies the population
and the laws of its development in the socio-historical conditionality.
modernity:
- population explosion;
- multidirectional demographic processes of different
regions of the world;
- the threat of depopulation of some peoples;
-
population aging in some countries;
- Increasing share of the poor population. demographic problem
Natural population decline
- High level of socio-economic development
- High level of urbanization
- Changing the status of a woman, emancipation
- Consequences of wars and military conflicts,
terrorism.
- Industrial injuries;
man-made disasters
- Mortality due to diseases
- Natural disasters
Emigration
Reducing the death rate
- Using the achievements of modern
medicine to fight epidemics
diseases
- improvement of sanitary culture
● Increasing the birth rate
-
Low level of urbanization
A peculiar social order
religious practices that encourage
having many children
- Servitude of women,
early marriages
Immigration Population explosion
- ultra-high population growth rates at a certain
territory.
LEADERS IN GROWTH RATE
POPULATION
will present
ate
number
population
1980
2010
Asia
2.6 billion
4.1 billion
Africa
472 million
998 million
South
America
242 million
540 million overpopulation
Types:
When
population
lot
more than quantity
resources
necessary
for
life.
Speed
growth
population
exceeds
speed
economic growth.
When
small
on
numbers
population
uses
natural
resources
v
such
scale that arise
significant
pollution,
degradation
environmental
environments
and
resource depletion. top five
countries of the world
1
2
3
4
5
China (1.3 billion people)
India (1.1 billion people)
USA (297 million)
Indonesia (223 million)
Brazil (181 million people)
populous Severity of the problem
OVERPOPULATION
a lack of
natural
resources
Poverty
Wars
(including for
vital
space)
Environmental
catastrophes
Low quality
rendering
medical services,
increase in diseases
Absence
education,
illiteracy
population
Hunger,
lack of food
Problems
employment Solution
The importance and significance of the global demographic problem is recognized by all
countries that have realized the following:
- the world population is growing rapidly;
- the vast majority of this population is in developing countries;
- the backward economy and undeveloped social sphere of these countries cannot return
this growth for the benefit of its development;
- the spread of dangerous diseases leads to an increase in mortality;
- uncontrolled migration and urbanization are turning from positive phenomena into
negative;
- an increase in the number of armed conflicts and an arms race, cost huge
material costs.
Demographic policy, as a rule, includes a complex of various
events:
- economic
- administrative and legal
- educational and promotional Solution
In most developing countries, as well as in
China, population policy is aimed at
decline in natural population growth
Benefits are provided to families, knowingly
limit the number of children, is also being
promotion of small families in the mass media
information and other ways In China, for example,
families with more than two children pay a 10 percent payroll tax. Here
back in the 1950s, the state began
pursue an active demographic policy.
Its main slogan is "One family - one child"
Marriage is allowed for women only at the age of 23, and
men - at 25.
At the 3rd Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee in November 2013
the decision was made “One family - two children”,
that shook all of China. family, one of the spouses
who has no siblings, is allowed
give birth to a second child.
China Solution
Two ways of natural growth
population: - encouragement of births
through the provision of various
benefits for families with children
- reduction in mortality due to
social welfare improvements and
medical care. How
usually in developed countries
both methods are used
natural increase, however
one-time investment in benefits for
increase in fertility have an effect
not earlier than in 15-20 years, and
because demographic policy
should be long term.
Europe
Northern
America
Japan and
some
ESSENCE OF THE PROBLEM The current demographic situation is a global problem. Rapid population growth is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while developed countries are experiencing a demographic crisis. Owing to their economic, social and cultural backwardness, the developing countries are least of all able to provide their population doubling every year with food and other material benefits, provide at least a basic education to the younger generation and provide employment to the population of working age. In addition, rapid population growth comes with its own specific challenges. The economic burden of the disabled population on the able-bodied population has increased significantly, which now in these countries is almost 1.5 times higher than the corresponding indicator in industrialized countries.
Studies conducted in recent years in a number of countries in Asia and Latin America show that where the level of economic and social development is the lowest, where the majority of the population is illiterate, the birth rate is very high, although many of them have a policy of birth control, and on the contrary, its decline is evident with progressive economic transformations.
REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE Providing the entire population with adequate quality housing Full employment Free access to education and medical care (impossible without the development of the national economy based on industrialization and modernization of agriculture, without the development of education and education, the solution of social issues) Political, national or racial reasons (If in In 1970 there were 2 million refugees in the world, then in 1992 there were 19 million.)
Provision of mankind with natural resources and pollution of the environment (“pressure” on natural resources, which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew) Space filling (goes very quickly, garbage is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening.) Displacement of migrants from labor-surplus third world countries to those rich countries where there are few children, many elderly pensioners, and fewer and fewer workers every year (It is not possible to stop the flow of immigrants to Western Europe from the countries of Southeast Europe, North Africa and Turkey.)
EXAMPLES OF MANIFESTATION IN ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES In some developed countries (France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary) the number of abortions and infant mortality is increasing, therefore, a policy aimed at increasing fertility is being actively pursued: families with two or more children are allocated good benefits, various privileges. The demographic problem of developed countries also lies in the frequent cases of suicides, both among young people and among the adult population.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM SOLVING PROBLEMS In 1969, within the framework of the United Nations, a special UN Fund for activities in the field of population and holding under its auspices three World Conferences on Population Problems. The Fund, already at the beginning of its activity, developed the UN program in the field of population, which covered more than 100 countries and included about 1,400 projects. The Program calls for the development of policies and laws that provide better support for the family, which is the basic unit of society, and also contribute to its stability and take into account the diversity of its forms. The issues of fertility, mortality and population growth rates are considered. Issues of urbanization and migration.
Thus, the potential danger of the current demographic situation lies not only and not so much in the fact that in the next two decades the world's population will increase by almost 1.5 times, but in the fact that there will be a new billion starving, a billion people who do not find employment for their labor. in cities, one and a half billion disadvantaged people living below the "poverty line". Such a situation would be fraught with deep economic, social and political upheavals both within individual countries and in the international arena.
HYPOTHESIS OF MALTHUS T. Malthus argued that the population is growing exponentially, while the food resources needed to feed this population - in arithmetic. Thus, sooner or later, no matter how slowly the population grows, the line of its growth will intersect with the straight line of food resources - an arithmetic progression (point X on the graph). When the population reaches this point, only wars, poverty, diseases and vices can slow down its growth (it should be noted that he never called for these methods of dealing with an increasing population, which is often written in the tracts of his theory). In other editions of his book, Malthus suggested other ways to "slow down" population growth: celibacy, widowhood, late marriages.
slide 2
Increasing world population growth
Every year the number of the Earth increases, especially the most populated territory of the world - South Asia, where both demographic superpowers are located: China and India - the increase per year is 27 ppm.
slide 3
Reasons for the Increase in Population Growth
Reasons (developing countries): Traditions of early marriages; Influence of religion; Traditions of large families; Prohibition on abortion;
slide 4
Population explosion.
The current demographic situation is a global problem, primarily because the rapid growth of the population occurs in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Thus, the world population increased daily in 1992 by 254 thousand people. Less than 13,000 of this number were in industrialized countries, the remaining 241,000 were in developing countries.
slide 5
If this growth continues for at least another couple of centuries, the entire earth's surface will be filled with inhabitants with the population density of today's Moscow. And after six centuries, for every inhabitant of the planet there will be only 1 square. m. of land. According to UN experts, by 2025 the world population will reach 8.3 billion people. At present, more than 130 million people are born annually on the globe, 50 million die; thus, the population growth is approximately 80 million people.
slide 6
Lack of resources and space.
No less relevant is the direct connection between the growth of the world population and such global problems as the provision of mankind with natural resources and environmental pollution. The rapid growth of the rural population has already led in many of the developing countries to such a "pressure" on natural resources (soil, vegetation, wildlife, fresh water, etc.), which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew themselves. The filling of space is going on very quickly, and the waste is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening. The problem of living space is not new.
Slide 7
The impact of technology on the earth
The earth is inhabited not only by its inhabitants, but also by cars, motorcycles, airplanes. The 250 million cars in the world require as much oxygen as the entire population of the Earth. And after 2 centuries, according to some scientists, oxygen will completely disappear from the atmosphere. There is not even enough underground space. Entire cities are formed underground: sewers, conductive systems, subways, shelters.
Slide 8
Causes of the fall in the population of the Earth
Diseases - Climate - Food - Predators
Slide 9
Diseases. Environmental pollution.
Air pollution. Authorities in all European countries are trying to fight for clean air. But despite all the measures, residents of many cities have to inhale a huge amount of harmful substances for health. Among the most common: Carbon monoxide (exhaust gases, solid fuels, tobacco smoke). Lead (gasoline with lead additives). Nitrogen oxides (power plants, transport, thermal installations). Sulfur dioxide (formed when coal and oil are burned).
Slide 10
Air pollution from vehicles.
slide 11
Nervous overload and stress.
Stress can be caused by very different life situations, from everyday incidents to life-changing events (loss of a job, death of a loved one). If, due to stress, you lose your sense of joy in life, your relationships with other people are disrupted, your sleep is disturbed, your appetite changes, if you stop feeling healthy, this means that your body is sending you signals that the stress was excessive.
The essence of the problem. The current demographic situation is a global problem. Rapid population growth is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while developed countries are experiencing a demographic crisis. Owing to their economic, social and cultural backwardness, the developing countries are least of all able to provide their population doubling every year with food and other material benefits, provide at least a basic education to the younger generation and provide employment to the population of working age. In addition, rapid population growth comes with its own specific challenges. The economic burden of the disabled population on the able-bodied population has increased significantly, which now in these countries is almost 1.5 times higher than the corresponding indicator in industrialized countries.
Studies conducted in recent years in a number of countries in Asia and Latin America show that where the level of economic and social development is the lowest, where the majority of the population is illiterate, the birth rate is very high, although many of them have a policy of birth control, and on the contrary, its decline is evident with progressive economic transformations.
Causes of occurrence. providing the entire population with housing of adequate quality full employment free access to education and medical care (impossible without the development of the national economy based on industrialization and modernization of agriculture, without the development of education and education, the solution of social issues) Political, national or racial reasons (If in 1970 there were 2 million refugees in the world, then in 1992 there were 19 million.)
Endowment of mankind with natural resources and pollution of the environment (“pressure” on natural resources, which in a number of areas has undermined their ability to naturally renew) Space filling (goes very quickly, garbage is also multiplying, which makes its shortage even more threatening.) Displacement of migrants from labor-surplus countries of the Third World to those rich countries where there are few children, many elderly pensioners, and fewer workers every year (Unable to stop the flow of immigrants to Western Europe from the countries of South-Eastern Europe, North Africa and Turkey.)
Examples of manifestation in economically developed countries. In some developed countries (France, Germany, Denmark, Belgium, Hungary) the number of abortions and infant mortality is increasing, therefore, a policy aimed at increasing fertility is being actively pursued: families with two or more children are provided with good benefits and various benefits. The demographic problem of developed countries also lies in the frequent cases of suicides, both among young people and among the adult population.
International problem solving programs. In 1969, within the framework of the UN, a special UN Fund for activities in the field of population and the holding under its auspices of three World Conferences on Population Problems. The Fund, already at the beginning of its activity, developed the UN program in the field of population, which covered more than 100 countries and included about 1,400 projects. The Program calls for the development of policies and laws that provide better support for the family, which is the basic unit of society, and also contribute to its stability and take into account the diversity of its forms. The issues of fertility, mortality and population growth rates are considered. Issues of urbanization and migration.
Thus, the potential danger of the current demographic situation lies not only and not so much in the fact that in the next two decades the world's population will increase by almost 1.5 times, but in the fact that there will be a new billion starving, a billion people who do not find employment for their labor. in cities, one and a half billion disadvantaged people living below the "poverty line". Such a situation would be fraught with deep economic, social and political upheavals both within individual countries and in the international arena.
