The state program of the Russian Federation "Protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and safety of people at water bodies" was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014 No. 300. The responsible executor of the state program is the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, co-executors - the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ministry of Construction of Russia and Rostekhnadzor, participants - 15 federal executive authorities, the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" and the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The implementation of the state program is designed for the period up to 2020. As part of the implementation of the state program, the resources of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the business community, are involved.
subroutines
Federal target programs
The purpose of introducing the institution of state programs of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as state programs) is the transition to the formation and execution of the federal budget in a program format, starting with the 2014 budget.
In the Budget Address of the President of the Russian Federation on the budget policy in 2014–2016 dated June 13, 2013, it is noted that the model of constant growth in budget expenditures, based on high rates of economic development and rising prices for resources, has now exhausted its possibilities.
Under these conditions, the solution of the tasks of increasing the efficiency of expenditures and reorienting budgetary allocations within the framework of existing budgetary restrictions for the implementation of priority areas of state policy, the achievement of measurable, socially significant results, the most important of which were established by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2012, comes to the fore.
In the new macroeconomic realities, when forming the draft budget for 2014 and for the planning period of 2015 and 2016, in order to achieve the medium-term goals of the budget policy, special attention should be paid to the development of program-target management methods.
The state programs of the Russian Federation should become the key mechanism by which strategic and budget planning are linked. The draft federal budget for 2014 and for the planned period of 2015 and 2016, the budgets of some subjects of the Russian Federation will be formed in the structure of state programs. At the same time, the ultimate effectiveness of "program" budgets depends on the quality of government programs and mechanisms for monitoring their implementation.
The procedure for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of state programs was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 2010 No. 588. The procedure does not apply to the state armament program provided for by the Federal Law "On the State Defense Order".
The state program is a system of measures (interrelated in terms of tasks, deadlines and resources) and state policy instruments that ensure the achievement of priorities and goals of state policy in the field of socio-economic development and security. State programs are approved by an act of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The state program includes federal target programs and subprograms containing departmental target programs and the main activities of state authorities. Subprograms are aimed at solving specific problems within the framework of the state program.
The development and implementation of the state program is carried out by the federal executive body designated by the Government of the Russian Federation as the responsible executor of the state program (hereinafter referred to as the responsible executor), together with the interested federal executive bodies - co-executors and participants in the state program.
The list of state programs was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 11, 2010 No. 1950-r and includes more than 40 programs.
The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia has been appointed the responsible executor of the state program "Protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety and safety of people at water bodies", which includes almost the entire budget of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and Rostekhnadzor (co-executor of the program) and 6 federal target programs.
In addition, the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is a participant in 9 more state programs as a state customer of federal targeted programs or an executor of certain measures of state programs.
It is interesting and useful to know which areas of science, engineering and technology are now priorities - this is reflected in the federal targeted programs:
Federal target program "Medicine of high technologies" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 25, 1998 No. 1391
Federal Target Program "International Thermonuclear Reactor ITER" for 2002–2005. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 21, 2001 No. 604
The Concept of the Federal Target Program "Russian Language (2006-2010)" . Approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 5, 2005 No. 1355-r
federal target program "Russian language (2006-2010)" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2005 No. 833
Federal Target Program "Russian Language" for 2002–2005. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2001 No. 483
Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 28, 2002 No. 65 and twice actually completely changed, first by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2006 No. 502, and then by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 09.06.2010 No. 403
The main directions of the state investment policy of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 11, 2002 No. 1764-r
Program for coordination of work in the field of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in the Russian Federation. Approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2006 No. 1188-r
Federal target program "Development of nanoindustry infrastructure in the Russian Federation for 2008-2011" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 2, 2007 No. 498
Federal target program "Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2007–2013" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 17, 2006 No. 613
Federal programs in the field of education
Education is the basis for the development of science. The Russian education system is able to compete with the education systems of advanced countries. Federal programs for the development of education pay special attention to the informatization of education, the transition to continuous, lifelong education, and other issues:
Federal target program "Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia" for 2014–2020
. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 21, 2013 No. 424The Concept of the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2011–2015. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 7, 2011 No. 163-r
Federal target program "Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia" for 2009-2013. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2008 No. 568
The Concept of the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2006–2010. Approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 3, 2005 No. 1340-r
Federal target program "Development of a unified educational information environment (2001-2005)" . Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 28, 2001 No. 630
Program for the development of additional professional education in the Russian Federation for 2002–2005. Approved by Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated June 26, 2002 No. 2423
The concept of modernization of Russian education for the period up to 2010 . Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated February 11, 2002 No. 393
National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 No. 751
Federal target program for the development of education for 2006–2010. Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 23, 2005 No. 803
Federal Program for the Development of Education. Approved by the Federal Law of April 10, 2000 No. 51-FZ
The concept of the national educational policy of the Russian Federation. Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 3, 2006 No. 201
Organization of work with programs
For information on how the work with these federal programs is organized in the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, see:
On the organization in the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia and subordinate federal agencies of work with federal target programs. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 27, 2006 No. 195
Federal targeted programs are an important tool for the effective use of federal budget funds, which makes it possible to ensure the concentration of resources in key areas of economic growth and in its competitive sectors, including those with high innovation potential. Fedorov N.V., Kurakov L.P. Forecasting the socio-economic development of regions. M., 2011
The implementation of the FTP provides for investing in the development of human potential, the implementation of environmental protection measures and the creation of conditions for safe life. Ignatieva A.V. Research of control systems: Proc. allowance for students. universities, education according to special "State and municipal administration" and "Management". - M.: UNITI, 2010
Federal programs are developed in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 13, 1994 No. 60-FZ "On the supply of products for federal state needs", the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2005 No. 94-FZ "On placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision services for state municipal needs", Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation.
In 2010, there were 53 federal target programs (46 subprograms) operating on the territory of the Russian Federation, and in 2011 this figure increased to 57 federal target programs (42 subprograms).
Picture 1
The share of FTP in the expenditure part of the federal budget (billion rubles). Data from the Department of State Target Programs and Capital Investments of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation - http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/
On the basis of this diagram, we can conclude that the expenditures on federal targeted programs of the total volume of federal budget expenditures are kept at the level of 7.5% - 8.5%, so in 2010 this figure was 7.53%, and in 2011 - 8.65%. Those. increased by 1.13%, which may be directly related to the fact that in 2011 the start of new FTPs is envisaged - 4 new FTPs will be financed. For a more detailed acquaintance with the FTP, you can view the full list of federal targeted programs in 2011 (Appendix 2).
On average, 15.7 billion rubles were provided for one program in 2009, and 14.6 billion rubles in 2010. rubles, and in 2011 this indicator is planned at the level of 16.2 billion rubles
Table 1
Volumes of budgetary financing of federal targeted programs Data from the Department of State Targeted Programs and Capital Investments of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation “Amounts of budgetary financing of federal targeted programs” - http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/
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To analyze these data, it is convenient to present them in a graphical form - Figure 2.
Figure 2
Volumes of budgetary financing of federal targeted programs (million rubles) Data from the Department of State Targeted Programs and Capital Investments of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation “Amounts of budgetary financing of FTPs” - http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/
Thus, it can be seen that in terms of budget financing, the STB is in the lead - they make up more than 50% of the total volume, followed by "Other needs" and in third place - "R&D".
As for the amount of budget financing for each FTP, Figure 3 (according to Appendix 1) shows 10 FTPs with the largest funding from the federal budget in 2011.
Figure 3
Ranking of programs by volumes of budget financing (10 FTPs with the largest funding from the federal budget) (million rubles)
It is also necessary to determine the priority areas for financing federal targeted programs, which are presented in Figure 4 (according to Appendix 1).
Figure 4
Budget financing of federal targeted programs in 2011 by priorities (million rubles). Data from the Department of State Targeted Programs and Capital Investments of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation "Program Ranking" - http://fcp.economy.gov.ru/
In 2011, the priority direction of budget financing of federal target programs is transport infrastructure, the second place is occupied by the development of high technologies, and security is in third place.
So, based on the above statistics, the following main areas of financing can be distinguished:
In 2011 - FTP "Development of the transport system of Russia (2010-2015)" will amount to 282.2 billion, FTP "Economic and social development of the Far East and Transbaikalia for the period up to 2013" - 88.4 billion rubles.
Thus, the development of infrastructure and the social sphere over the past years has been one of the top priority areas for financing the FTP, and this year is no exception.
Federal and regional targeted programs act as the most important direct regulators of the economic processes taking place on the territory of the country. They represent a coordinated set of design, research, production, organizational, economic and other activities carried out with the support of the state, linked in terms of time, resources and performers.
Federal and regional target programs
For many decades, since the 1920s, the drawing up of economic plans has been widespread in the USSR. Together with them, complex, including regional targeted programs were developed. Currently, they provide solutions to problems in the scientific, technical, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental spheres. Federal targeted programs are aimed at implementing the policy in the field of public economy with the support of the state. Today they are quite common, and their number is constantly growing. Target programs at the regional level are distinguished by pronounced territorial characteristics, the specifics of information sources and the composition of participants. Their role is to integrate individual, collective, state interests into a market economy, to mobilize forces for the implementation of major projects.
Specificity
Regional targeted programs are used as a tool for the direct impact of the state on the market economy within a particular territory. This method of management acts as one of the most important means of influencing problem areas: developed, depressive. At the same time, regional targeted programs of Russia are being successfully implemented in relatively wealthy territories. In both cases, the solution of both current and future tasks is provided. An example is the regional targeted programs of the Leningrad region. Currently, the attention of the authorities is drawn to improving the quality of life, the state of the economy of St. Petersburg. In particular, programs are being developed to create conditions for attracting labor resources to the city.
The essence of new projects
Targeted regional and municipal programs being developed today embody a complex of "free market" and "hard plan". Within the framework of the projects, strict directions of economic activity are set. At the same time, stimulation and implementation of targeted programs are carried out on a commercial basis. Methods of attracting performers and ways of allocating resources are based on the principles of voluntariness, collective and individual interest. Financial incentives are also important. Regional target programs imply targeting and obligatory execution of the planned activities by all participants. They are provided with economic contracts, combined with a set of economic incentives, and not directive tasks, as was the case before.
Problem selection
By preparing regional targeted programs, the developers solve a number of methodological problems. The main one relates to problem selection. In modern conditions, the tasks of territorial and national economic development are changing quite quickly. At the same time, the available financial and other resources are always limited. The criteria for selecting a problem are:
- The significance of the issue for the national and territorial economy, the connection with structural changes, strengthening the efficiency of the economic system, improving the quality of life of citizens, ensuring environmental safety, etc.
- The multifaceted and intersectoral nature of the problem, the presence of executors of decisions and the need to coordinate their work. In a nutshell, this criterion can be defined as the complexity and complexity of the issue.
- Progressiveness and novelty of organizational, technical and other measures, expected high performance.
Additional features
Among the above criteria, one should also include the complexity or impossibility of solving the problem within a reasonable time using the market mechanism and the need to attract state support. However, according to experts, this sign is disputable, since complex and urgent problems can be solved exclusively by program methods and with the participation of the authorities.
Determination of goals
This is quite a responsible task. The clear target nature of the program is expressed in the strict orientation of each event and the use of any resource, as well as the activities of all participants. The main task is reduced to specific targeted tasks. When developing, it is recommended to use a graphic-analytical approach. With its help, the goal is divided into tasks by levels. Their quantitative assessment is carried out using relative indicators of meeting the needs of the territory. However, the reliability of this approach remains questionable.
In practice, when developing projects, it is used quite rarely. In addition, it is not possible to determine normative indicators in all cases. As an alternative, socio-economic indicators can be used. They indirectly express the levels of performance of certain tasks. For example, regional targeted programs to preserve the health of the population can use the average duration of active professional activity, life, etc. as indicators.
Efficiency mark
The effectiveness of the development and subsequent implementation of the program is expressed by specific outcome indicators. Analysis of the relationship between them and expenditures is reflected in private and general values of economic, comparative and absolute efficiency (volume of national income per person, proportionality of consumption and accumulation funds, etc.). Private indicators characterize the level of resource use: capital, capital, material efficiency, and so on. Taking into account domestic and foreign practice, the specifics of adaptation to market conditions, depending on the type of program, it is usually recommended to use different values to analyze its effectiveness. Among them: the size of specific capital investments, labor productivity, and so on. In the analysis, one can also use the volumes of production of key types of products, the commissioning of non-production facilities and production capacities, indicators of scientific and technological development, import and resource substitution.
Features of indicators
The importance of using different indicators in programs is obvious. But at the same time, cross-cutting quantities should be present among them in the first place. They are used to compare programs and outcomes across the country as a whole. In addition, you must use. Some programs may require a set value system. In market conditions, quantitative assessments of the results of commercial activities are of the greatest relevance.
Nuance
Meanwhile, for macroeconomic analysis, it is necessary to identify the national economic performance. The requirement of national expediency must be observed when determining the entire system of indicators. For example, one should not be limited by the capital turnover ratio in the developed territories, since this can lead to the creation of an industry structure that will not meet the specifics and needs of the regions, as well as the promising interests of the state.
Event specifics
The regional program may include a set of measures to improve the economy and social sphere. These include, for example, the satisfaction of needs in fuel and energy resources, the regulation of tariffs, the elimination of the consequences of a natural disaster, and so on. Measures to stabilize the situation may be planned as the next stage. Among them:
- Reducing the fuel and energy deficit.
- Overcoming stagnation in industries of specialization.
- Consolidation of new economic ties.
- Formation of conditions for economic growth.
At the next stage, the revitalization of the economic complex can be carried out. Within the framework of this activity, efforts are concentrated on issues of structural adjustment and sustainable development. Key activities may include:
- Expansion of transport infrastructure.
- Complex solution of energy problems.
- Expansion of the export potential of the territory.
At all stages, it is necessary to ensure:
- Prevention of outflow of citizens.
- Retaining skilled workers. This is ensured through state assistance in the field of employment and social protection.
- Nature protection and rational use of natural resources.
Conclusion
The implementation of regional targeted programs is of great practical importance for the population. In some cases, there is a need for a phased solution of the problems of accelerated development, advanced, adequate strengthening of infrastructure, and improving the quality of life of citizens. In small areas, the range of problems may be limited, for example, to activities in the agro-industrial and construction complexes, the sphere of development of the border area and social services. In any program, a separate section is reserved for funding issues. Funds from budgets and extra-budgetary funds are attracted for the implementation of activities. However, private investors provide most of the funding.
Complexes of measures included in programs are usually considered in several versions. For example, the formation of the transport complex can be represented in the scenario of using the existing infrastructure and its active improvement. Meanwhile, according to some experts, there are currently too many programs. Many of them are subject to constant revision. At the same time, their goals and content are violated. There is also the problem of financing, which negatively affects the process of program implementation.
