They look like four retired officers. Scars see, the wounds are covered, switched and weathered, in the latal-overhelas, - but they have not lost their heights. They are still one for everyone and all for one - hold a circular defense, standing on a common stylobate, clamped from all sides by the new guards, carrying anyone who is not necessary, ascended over the water stroke ...

The feeling of their appearance has two sources. First, surprise that they were so quickly declining. Yes, we know that the modernist architecture "is badly old" - because it is too in a hurry in youth: to be acute, modern, to be made from the most relevant (who have passed the time check) ... But this one somehow very quickly aged. Although there were no supernovae here ... And the second reason is just this to become, with which they once got up over the avenue, forming one of the most memorable ensembles of Brezhnev Moscow. And Tomit is this painful inconsistency of proud posture and poor clothes.

Photo: Mosproject.ru.

Photo: pastvu.com.

He opposed the microdistrict - with it, then not yet obvious costs: inhuman scale, social irresponsibility, aesthetic monotony. There was also an attempt to create a new type of living environment - was separated from the city and immersed in nature. Both theses were not an empty declaration. The remoteness problem solved the car - it was the first residential complex with an underground garage in Moscow. And in nature, not only the very fact of the location of the complex in the green zone, on the edge of the park and on the shore of the bay, but also the fact that every tower was deployed by a wide side of the water.

Such a cluster was very relevant for Moscow in its new borders. Yes, and promising - which confirmed the future. Inheritating, on the one hand, from the commune houses (fundamentally different level of comfort from them), "Swan", on the other hand, was a prototype and future elite complexes (differing from them the same). However, at that moment, there was no social drive (as in the 20s and 90s), nor anyone in interest. Therefore, only thanks to the persistence of architects, she received a continuation in the Quarter "Lebed-2" - on the opposite side of the highway.

Photo: "City"

The question of social homogeneity was decided in the "Swan" in Soviet: it was possible to get here only for certain merits or for a large blat. Architect Gleb Sobolev recalls how, preparing for entering the marchs, traveled to this house to tutors. "The physicist and mathematician lived on the same platform. Earnings from unofficial training of students quite allowed a cooperative apartment. Thus, there seems to be in parallel, two worlds - the official and unofficial one - peacefully embedded in each other. " It's funny, of course, that, unlike the West, where the panel construction was designed for poor segments of the population, even small deviations from the standard attached to a complex of elitism. However, the planning here was an order of magnitude more interesting than in typical housing.

And the most curious thing is how non-standard architecture is born from the standard set. The prefabricated elements did not differ from those that were used in typical panel 9-storey. But as picturesque plastic walls - due to the well-thought-out rhythm of balconies, loggias and staircase lattices. The balconies are longer, then in short, they spectacularly performing the edges of the towers, and with all the small set of options, they work perfectly, because the towers are unfolded in different ways to each other. The ratios in the composition change as they move around it. This treatment of space is characteristic of Russian monasteries - and the severity of the sensation arises due to this paradoxical transfer to a new reality. It was updated by the fact that the Leningrad highway flows nearby (on which "Swan" remained the only dominant for a long time), that is, he is perceived most often in motion. And, of course, the special sharpness gives the complex the effect of the ward - due to the columns-legs, a large space behind them, as well as the fact that the columns themselves are torn off from the ground with a stylobate. This reception, by the way, was not yet anywhere.

Photo: Flickr.com/photos/stevecadman.

Yes, the quality of execution was not at the height. But simple and strong gestures, the authors managed to create a bright, memorable image. It is noteworthy that the architects of the 90s will take this methodology: realizing that the quality of construction from Soviet times has not changed much, it is important to compose the gesture that will withstand any execution. This is how Alexander Skokan's brick tower designed his brick towers - on the falcon and Dmitrovskoye highway, on the streets of Vrubel and Klimascina - the obvious and worthy heirs "Swan". But this is the fate and Russian constructivism: a spectacular project, a stylish picture, novelty forms - and monstrous execution, leading to rapid aging. By and large, this is generally the fate of the form in Russia - to be beautiful in the idea and poor in implementation. And the authors of the "Swan" were the first to come closely if not to the resolution of this paradox, then to its understanding.

However, the aesthetics of simple forms, coarse concrete, open seams brings the "Swan" not only with distant precursors and close followers, but also with contemporaries - with the works of "new brutalism" and further - with Le Corbusier, whose "residential units" - obvious ancestors. True, the fact that the late Corbusier had a meaningful program - "to start the game between rudeness and grace," we had themselves. However, Corbusier would appreciate it: no wonder he compared construction defects with wrinkles and moles, saying that defects were ourselves, our daily life.

Photo: wikimedia.org.

But that was the wisdom of an old man, brutalism is associated with the arrival of the generation of "angry young people", which were unhappy with the existing order of things. In architecture, in particular, they were not satisfied with the coldness and sterility of functionalism. The founders of the movement, the British Alison and Peter Smithsons called to the greater "truthfulness" of the material. Hence, the sculpture of open concrete, from which in 1972 they built in London a spectacular neighborhood "Robin Gud Gardens". And the composition close to the "swan" created a pair of years earlier than another brutalist, José Louis Certificate - a hostel in Cambridge. The paradox is that if the British dissatisfied with the opportunity to move towards new boundaries, the end of the "thaw" in Russia was, alas, it was the end, and not the beginning of something. And the fact that in England sounded irony or even a black humor (stern concrete and a rigid mesh of facades), in Russia looked like a breakthrough.

And today, this English humor is heard for the uninitiated words of admiration for the "Swan" in the lips of modern Russian architects. But this is not only words: Nikolai Lizlov did not deliberately put, but put his elite skyscraper ("Yacht City") - so as not to interrupt the "Swan", but only to play in contrast. True, the found as a pike, whipping into the water, "Yakht City" rang out in all directions as greedy cancer (without the participation of the architect), and "Swan" attached. But then his aristocracy was heat off: to be at the water, but not to fall on her with all its mass - it was fine.

It's hard to fight off from attacks and Smithsonian "Robin Gud Gardens": angry in the glamorous age is not fashionable, the new owner wants to demolish him. But the same bitter fate has suffered by the author "Swan" - architect Andrei Meerson. In the New Times, he happily dropped the ideals of youth and began to build ridiculous fat at home - such as Ararat Park Hayatt hotels on Neglinke or Ritz Carlton on Tverskaya. But no expensive materials nor modern technologies They are not able to give these objects that strange fragrance of genuine inspiration, which, despite all dermoles and morning, continues to source "Swan".

• Book from the series "Moscow architecture. 1955-1985. Guide"
• Year of release 2014.
• Publishing House "Ulya", Moscow

A series of five-storey houses 1-mg-300 is a series invented as a replacement of series II-32 and K-7,
like a series of progenitors 1-mg-300 is demolished. There are several modifications of the series with different layout options. The very first 1MG-300 were built in 1963-65. In the 10th quarter of new Cheryomushki. A total of 261 thousand were built. square meters (63 houses).
Massively built in the area of \u200b\u200bthe river station.

Characteristics 1-MG-300:

House type - panel
Floors - 5.
Apartments - 1,2,3,4 bedroom
Height height from floor to floor - 2700mm
Outdoor panels Ceramzite concrete or three-layer
Overlapping on a room with a thickness of 140mm
Developer - MNIITP.
Manufacturer - DSC-1
There is a garbage chute.
Year of construction - 1963-1968
Distribution Cities - Moscow, Pavlovsky Posad

Series 1-MG-600

This series was built quite nemass and presented in Moscow three compact
microdistrics. However, the basis of the MG-601 series appeared on its basis, which is found quite
often...

Characteristics of the 1-MG-600 series:

House type - frame-panel
Floors - 9.
Residential height - 264 cm
Apartments - 1,2,3 bedrooms

Elevator, garbage chute, gasified.
Distribution Cities - Moscow (Cheryomushki, Nagatino), Khimki

Typical planning of apartments in 1-mg-600 (placement on the floor):

Series 1-MG-601

The 1-MG-600.601 series buildings are the first truly mass frame-panel residential buildings with a full frame. The series applies a special design of bearing walls: they go in increments of 6 meters + columns (40 per 40 cm) in a step of 4.5 m. On the first floor there are areas for storing bicycles, wheelchairs, ski. The houses were built in the mid-late 60s and were hypercomformer for their time. Moreover, several such houses in the center belonged to the Central Committee, for the shallow bustle, the truth is, but still.

The first versions of MG601 had a rectangular plan

Then they purchased a familiar zigzag (modification of 1-mg-601-g)

General characteristics of the 1-mg-601 series:

Floors - 16-19

Manufacturer - MPSM (MOSPROMSTROYMATERALIALS)
Year of construction - 1965-1975
Distribution Cities - Moscow
Residential height - 248 cm / 264 cm
Building construction:
Frame. Columns 40x40, with a hidden console. Grid -6x4.5 and 4.5x2 meters


Outer walls with a thickness of 34 cm ceramzite concrete;
Plates of overlapping - 14 or 16 cm reinforced concrete, solid;
Apartments: 2, 3 and 4-bedroom, residential area of \u200b\u200btwo-room 26.5 sq.m.
, three-room - 38 or 39 sq.m., four-room - 49.6 sq.m.
Elevators / garbage chute: passenger and cargo-passenger / valve on each floor.
The roof is an attic.

Series 1-MG-601 includes a large number of modifications,
their names are signed by photographs and layouts.

modification of 1-MG-601-D

modification 1-MG-601-E

1-MG-601-D nonstandard color

Apartment planning options:

Frame houses of the series "Swan"

Photo at home series "Swan"

Characteristics of a series of houses "Swan":

House type - frame-panel
Floors - 16.20.
Residential height - 270 cm
Frame. Columns 40x40, with a hidden console. Grid -6x4.5 meters
Rigel - Tab 45x40 with shelf for supporting overlap panels.
Pigepse's diaphragms - 14 cm thick longitudinal and transverse.

Apartments - 1,2,3,4 bedroom
Manufacturer - MPSM.
Year of construction - 1966-2003
City of distribution - Moscow (mainly the northern regions of the city)

Typical options for facades and layouts in a series of houses "Swan":

"Late" option "Swan"

Previous series:44.

At the sparrow mountains, at the intersection of Michurinsky and university prospectuses, a residential complex of premium-class "White Swan" was built. A favorable ecological situation due to the proximity of the natural reserve in combination with a convenient location of the main prospectuses - far from the only advantages of the LCD "White Swan".

An elegant 16-storey building, with high-tech equipping, is an excellent sample of modern architectural style. Apartments, with orientation on two and three sides, have excellent species characteristics. The top level of the house is occupied by penthouses with terraces of up to 400 square meters. m.

On the variety and quality of infrastructure, residential complex is not inferior to another elite objectsHere everything is thought out to the smallest detail. The ratio of the number of places in the underground park exceeds the number of apartments one and a half times.

Landscaping

There are places for the ground parking lot and the children's playground. A pleasure zone is equipped - it is decorated with flower beds, alpine slides, garden sculpture and decorative lamps.

Security

Territory residential complex It is fenced and located in the protected government zone. The video surveillance systems are installed, access control systems, security alarm system.