Ostankino tower Is a television and broadcasting tower. The chief designer was Nikitin N. .. The image of the planned structure was an inverted lily, a flower with strong petals and a stem. This project was conceived in just one night. The chief architect is L.I.Batalov. The construction was attended by such architects as: D.I.Burdin, M.A. Shkud and L.I.Schipakin. The structure of the Ostankino tower is a hollow reinforced concrete pipe compressed by steel cables, consisting of two parts - a heavy base and a lighter mast. The depth of the foundation is about 4.6 meters. The TV tower was originally planned to be built with 4 supports, as a result, they were increased to 10 for better stability. Also in the TV tower there is an observation deck, which is located at an altitude of 337 m., With a diameter of 21 m. The total mass of the TV tower is about 55 thousand tons. The observation deck has a 360-degree view. The site is equipped with special optics for observation; in good weather, a view opens up to 60 kilometers ahead. There are also areas with a transparent floor on the site, where you can look down at the ground from a bird's eye view. The Seventh Heaven restaurant is located at an altitude of 328-334 meters in the Ostankino TV tower. The levels of the restaurant rotate slowly around the axis coinciding with the axis of the tower, making 1-3 revolutions per hour. Thus, guests could admire the panorama of the city without interrupting their lunch. In 2000, a fire broke out that completely destroyed the "Seventh Heaven", and its restoration was delayed for 16 years. Seventh Heaven ”resumed work at the end of 2016. From 1992 until 2000, a sports festival was held annually on the tower - Race to the "Seventh Heaven". One hundred runners from many countries of the world took part in the high-speed climb to the observation deck along the stairs of the tower. Anyone who had passed all the qualifying rounds could take part in the race. In the excursion building, there is a concert hall "Korolevsky". During the operation of the observation deck, the concert hall was used as a cinema to show videos about the Ostankino tower. Now the hall hosts various concerts, theatrical performances, conferences, seminars and other events. If you have purchased a ticket for an excursion to the TV tower, you will visit the building of the TV center. Learn about the history of creation, architecture and technical capabilities of the TV tower.
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An excursion to the Ostankino tower usually leaves a lot of impressions. Huge height, breathtaking views, including directly under your feet (in some places on the site there is a glass floor).
But there are also not particularly enthusiastic reviews, because flaws can also be found.
Firstly, the procedure for getting into the number of sightseers is not the simplest - you first need to register, then tickets are bought. Identity documents are required, including for minors.
You have to go through security checks (although in our time this is no longer a rarity).
Of the claims on the merits of the excursion program in the reviews, there are complaints about the too short time spent in the "seventh heaven" (one hour). Moreover, regardless of whether tickets were purchased for the upper (open) area (its height is 340 meters above Moscow level), or only for the lower (closed - 337 meters) - the duration of the inspection does not change.
Another gripe is that it is often difficult to get through the call-center phone number.
The visit is carried out only as part of groups.
Not everyone is happy with the elevator: it is large, beautiful and high-speed - but too many people are recruited into it.
On the upper, open area (it is also sometimes called a balcony), there is a concrete fence that is clearly higher than the height of a seven-year-old child (from the age of 7 you can get on an excursion, younger - not).
The protective mesh has rather frequent cells - this somewhat drowns out the feelings that arise in the chest. But for security reasons, apparently, it was impossible otherwise.
By the way, in bad weather, the passage to the "balcony" is closed (for example, if a very strong wind has risen, which is not uncommon at such a height), and then the money for this part of the excursion will be returned.
Most of all, however, negative comments are caused by the high cost of climbing the TV tower. Visiting both sites while it was still possible (before the onset of the winter period and the closing of the upper one) - it cost 1200 rubles.
True, there is a good way to save money: you need to choose the first sessions for visiting - 10.00 and 11.00 (on a visit to the full program, the savings were 500 rubles).
2. The need to build a high TV tower has matured back in the 50s. The Ostankino TV tower was supposed to cover the territory of Moscow and the region, for this it was necessary to build a structure with a height of about 500 meters. Among the many options, Nikitin's unparalleled project from prestressed reinforced concrete was chosen.
Foundation depth Ostankino TV tower only 4.6 meters, and this whopper is firmly in place. 
3. The center of gravity of the TV tower is at an altitude of about 100 meters. Strength is provided by steel cables stretched inside the tower. The spire of the tower deflects by a gust of wind by a maximum of 6 meters; in the calculations, the deviation was laid with a margin of up to 12 meters. 
4. The concrete part of the tower is 385 meters. When the creator was asked how many years the Ostankino TV tower will stand, he replied: "It will definitely stand for three hundred years, and then we'll see." Operating experience has shown that the margin of safety is colossal. The tower survived a fire in 2000 even without any particular shocks. Concrete gains strength over the years. 
5. There are several elevators running inside the tower. The speed of passenger elevators is 7 meters per second. The buttons have elevation marks. 
6. We are ascending to a height of 337 meters. There is an observation deck here. All of Moscow at a glance. 
7. The views are stunning. The weather is not perfect, but overall we were lucky. 
8. VDNKh. Fountain "Friendship of Peoples". 
9. Pavilion "Space". 
10. Residential development. 
11. In good weather, there is also an open observation deck, it is located a little higher. 
12. You can also buy souvenirs right there. 
13. Under the observation deck there is a restaurant complex with a rotating floor. 
14. The perfect place for romantic stories. 
15. The specifics of the restaurant: for security reasons, many dishes are prepared downstairs on the 44th floor and are taken by high-speed elevators. The tables revolve with the floor, you can admire the circular panorama without getting up.
16. The platform makes a complete revolution in about forty minutes. 
17. Electric trains of the October railway. 
18. Moscow Processed Cheese Factory. I never knew he was next to the TV tower. 
19. The food in the restaurant is very tasty. The menus are designed with the understanding that the taste experience at altitude is different from that at ground level. The same effect is observed in aviation. 
20. Channel One. 
21. Monorail. One of the ways to get to the Ostankino TV tower. 
22. Pavilion "Armenia" and again a fountain. 
23. Museum of Cosmonautics and a piece of the Cosmos Hotel. 
24. The dessert is gorgeous. 
25. And the other is also very good. But okay, stop looking at restaurants. 
26. Take the service elevator down to 85 meters. There are no excursions here yet, but it is here the best place to view the tower from the inside. In fact, it is a hollow concrete pipe reinforced with steel ropes. There are 145 such ropes. 
27. Here you can find phones from the times of our grandfathers. 
28. Mark 85 meters. 
29. Feeders pass near the elevator shaft, through which the signal goes to the transmitters. Feeders are like a very thick coaxial cable. Still, the power of the transmitters reaches 40 kilowatts. In total, there are about 80 transmitters on the TV tower. 
30. But the service elevator is called on this phone. 
31. Anatoly Volkov, one of the oldest employees of Ostankino, told us about the technical arrangement of the TV tower. 
32. Now the excursion direction is actively developing at the Ostankino TV tower. Up to 1300 people come a day. At the same time, no more than 270 people can be on the tower, this is due to safety requirements, after the fire, the separation has become more stringent. Each visitor has a set of protective equipment. 
33. There are many schoolchildren and tourists from abroad among the visitors. There is even a separate area in the world - tower tourism. There is World federation high-rise towers, which includes the Ostankino TV tower. Not all high-rise buildings can get into the federation, but only those that have observation platforms. 
34. I liked the excursion very much, thanks to the staff of the Ostankino TV tower for the wonderful story, I will definitely come here with my family. I highly recommend it.
Just in case, I post the tower contacts on social networks.
The address of the excursion building: Moscow, st. Academician Korolev, building 15, bldg. 2. 
More than 35 years ago, on November 4, 1967, color television screens turned on in Moscow - the Ostankino television center began broadcasting with transmitters and antennas located on the world's tallest television tower. Today the Ostankino TV Tower is recognized as an architectural monument and an engineering achievement. Its height is 533 meters. The Ostankino Tower is not only a useful structure; from the moment of its construction, the structure has become one of the symbols of the capital of Russia.
History of the Ostankino TV Tower
Until 1948, television broadcasting was carried out from studios on Shabolovka through antennas raised on the Shukhov tower. But the number of programs increased rapidly, in addition, it was necessary to improve the quality of the television signal and expand the reception area of television and radio broadcasting programs from 60 to 120 km. The decision to build the station was made in the mid-50s. As a result of a serious competitive selection of projects, preference was given to the work of Doctor of Technical Sciences N.V. Subsequent design and construction involved 33 design organizations, 40 specialized construction and assembly departments and dozens of manufacturing plants with their own design bureaus.
Architect Nikolai Vasilievich Nikitin was born in 1907 in Tobolsk. After graduating from the architectural department of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Tomsk Technological Institute, he worked on the construction of a number of objects, designed many high-rise buildings in Moscow (including the building of Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills), the stadium in Luzhniki. His ideas were applied in the construction of the Motherland Monument on the Mamayev Kurgan c. In 1932, according to his project, a wind farm was created in. Many of the solutions embodied in this project were used in the construction of the Ostankino TV and radio broadcasting tower.
Construction began in 1960, but immediately after the construction of the tower began, it was decided to suspend work due to doubts about the reliability of the ground. Only 2 years later, in the summer of 1963, the work resumed, but the foundation had to be strengthened several times. After studying the problem, its cross-section was increased by 1.5 m in width and by 2.25 m in height. All ten sides of it were compressed with a reinforced concrete clip. As a result, the area of the foundation was 1940 m2, and the mass was 20 thousand tons (the weight of the entire tower was 55 thousand tons), i.e. 40% of the mass of the entire structure.
The construction of the tower was completed in 1964, the total duration of work on its construction was 54 months.
For the first time, it was decided to place all transmitting stations in the tower itself. This was bold, since before that all over the world stations were located not in TV towers, but in separate buildings that were nearby.
In 1970, the designer of the Ostankino TV tower, Doctor of Technical Sciences N.V. Nikitin, and the team of authors headed by him were awarded the Lenin Prize. The project was attended by: B. A. Zlobin - Chief Project Engineer, Deputy Chief Architect of Moscow D. I. Burdin, Chief Engineer of the State All-Union Design Institute M. A. Shkud, Director of the Design Institute "Promstalkonstruktsiya" L. N. Shchipakin.
External and internal structure of the Ostankino TV tower
The tower is a hollow shell made of monolithic concrete, conical in shape, with a strong base and an elongated top. Inside the base, along the entire length, were placed electric power cables, communication cables, piping, water supply, sewerage, elevator shafts (a high-speed elevator raises people 300 meters in 50 seconds) and a metal staircase connecting all floors of the tower. The main equipment of the transmitting stations with all technical services is located on 16 floors of the lower conical part of the structure. The main TV transmitter room is on the fifth floor. All the equipment of the four transmitting television stations is united in a ring. The technical floor is located above. The sixth floor houses the transmitters and the sixth television program. On the seventh floor, radio and television control rooms are located around the inner ring corridor. The rest of the area was given to separate television and radio services. The walls are surrounded by 150 ropes along their entire height, which are attached to the wall every 7 m. Each of the 150 ropes is stretched with a force of 70 tons.
The All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station was created as a multipurpose facility. Television transmitters were immediately installed here, designed to simultaneously demonstrate five programs of black or color television with sound accompaniment; VHF broadcasting transmitters for six programs, including two stereophonic; nodal station of television radio relay lines for 18 main directions. They installed a station for switching programs for long-distance exchange, cable lines and space television communication channels, as well as a station for receiving and switching eight programs from mobile television stations. New powerful television and radio transmitters of meter and decimeter bands have been developed for the transmitting station.
Ostankino TV tower today
Today, the height of the Ostankino tower is 540 m, which is almost 300 m higher than the building of Moscow University on the Lenin Hills and 215 m higher than the famous one in Paris. Despite this height, the concrete tower cannot topple over: its center of gravity does not go out and will never go beyond the support area, which is limited by a foundation ring with a diameter of 60 meters. And the center of gravity is at a height of 110 meters along the axis of the structure.
The Ostankino Tower is very attractive for tourists. Three high-speed elevators take visitors to the observation decks, the highest of them is at around 337 m. In the good one, you can climb two openwork staircases to an open balcony located at an altitude of 340.8 m. This observation deck also serves as the lobby of the Seventh Heaven restaurant ... It houses wardrobes, entrances to elevator lobbies, a medical room and toilets. From here, visitors descend the stairs to one of the three floors of the restaurant. Each room has 24 four-seater tables set along the outer windows. The restaurant is mobile: for a panoramic view of the city, a ring with tables makes 1-3 revolutions per hour around the axis of the tower.
In addition to the main observation deck, there are two more - at marks 147 and 269 m., Where they rise when strong. Over the entire period of its existence, the observation deck and the high-rise restaurant "Seventh Heaven" have been visited by 10 million people.
Construction work continues on the tower to this day. In particular, due to the fire in 2000, its restoration is still underway. According to chief engineer Alexander Demyanov, after the reconstruction, the height of the Ostankino TV tower will reach 562 m. The height will increase by 22 m due to the replacement of the flagpole with additional antennas - their installation will make it possible to improve the quality of broadcasting and increase the area of reliable TV signal reception.
