Rating of the smartest countries in the world. What places does Russia occupy in world rankings World ranking of countries development

The United States has the most developed economy in the world. China, Japan and Germany follow.

Each individual country has its own economic policy, which inherently has both strengths and weaknesses. If the state is rich in minerals, then most often the economy is built on the export of resources, which weakens the production component.

10 largest world economies in 2018

USA

The most stable economy in the world belongs to the United States, it has held its leading position for more than 100 years. A comprehensively developed economic policy is based on the banking system, the largest stock exchange, advanced IT technologies and agriculture, which is not devoid of innovative solutions and progress.

America, thanks to its significant coverage of fields of activity and advanced technologies in them, has great influence in the world and enjoys it.

The dollar has been a world currency for many years and is quoted in all countries. for 2019 amounted to 20.494 trillion dollars, which makes it possible to understand: why the US economy is the first, leading the ranking.

China

The fastest growing economy, which can soon displace America and move it from its leading position in the TOP of the largest economies in the world. In China, industry, agriculture and technology are actively growing. The automotive market is larger than the American and Japanese combined.

Chinese clothing and technology enter the markets of most countries, exports are very developed in all directions. China provides food for 1/5 of the world's population, while using only 9% of the land intended for agriculture.

Annual GDP growth is 10%, which gives America cause for concern. represented in the TOP economies of the world in the face of China, as the strongest and most developed power, the rest of Asia has weaker performance.

Despite the crisis that Europe has been experiencing in recent years, it is still on its feet steadily and provides itself with an annual increase in GDP, which at the moment has amounted to 3.996 trillion dollars.

Great Britain

The economy of Western Europe in the face of the participating countries presents a blurry picture, but the undisputed leader is, which was included in the overall rating for all countries of the planet. The country is poor in natural resources, so its economic policy is based on services, industry and tourism.

In terms of industry, the leaders are the following areas: aviation and pharmaceuticals, as well as the automotive and textile industries. The UK attracts investment infusions from business representatives of other countries with its liberal banking policy, which allows money laundering to take place.

But in 2018, the country leaves the composition, and experts find it difficult to guess: what damage will this bring to the state's economy and how its position in the world will change.

Which can be found on our website.

France

The economic position of the country has been achieved thanks to the industrial-agrarian policy. At the expense of agriculture, France provides EU countries with products, ¼ of all supplies fall to the share of this state.

The best performance in terms of attendance of the country was achieved largely thanks to the Eiffel Tower, its recognizability and the atmosphere of romance associated with it.

But having a high attendance of the country, tourism does not come up. The fact is that the funds left by tourists in the country have a smaller volume compared to America, this is due to the fact that tourists in France do not linger, but when they see the main attraction, they leave for neighboring countries. The GDP of France at the moment is 2.777 trillion US dollars.

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How to identify countries with a strong economy among the huge number of countries in the world? To identify highly developed countries, let's pay attention to the ratings - the results of comparative studies made by international experts and organizations to rank countries according to various indicators. Every year, studies are published showing which country has risen to the TOP, which has fallen. Consider the main indicators that determine which countries in 2019 became the most influential in the economic field, have the highest standard of living, prosperity and freedom.

Level of economic development

The level of economic development assesses the efficiency and maturity of the country's economy. It is not for nothing that only countries with a high level of economic development are included in the group of developed countries, while the rest are called developing. This level is determined by various ratings.

Country ranking by GDP

The key indicator is the level of gross domestic product (GDP). This is the name of the total value of goods, services and other results of the activities of enterprises, firms, companies, institutions, organizations, individuals. This is the result of the work of all residents of the country in question during the year. It is calculated in two ways. The first is when all the income received during the year is added up: interest, profit, salary, and so on. The second is when expenses are summed up (government purchases, investments, consumption, export minus imports). The official source of such information is the World Bank database. The statistics are updated every year and published in autumn. The indicator is also kept by the International Monetary Fund and the UN.

The backbone of the world's GDP is produced by only a few countries, mostly large in territory and population.

If all goods and services produced in monetary terms (GDP) is an absolute value, then by comparing the gross domestic product with the population, we get a relative indicator indicating the well-being of citizens.

According to the World Bank and the IMF, the United States of America has the best GDP indicators. Based on countries, the first places in this indicator are occupied by:

The presented table with indicators is an actual value that does not take into account the difference in prices for homogeneous goods and services. As a consequence of this omission, the GDP of developed countries is often overstated, while that of developing countries is lower.

Since purchasing power parity is more important, as it gives an idea of ​​the quality of life in the countries of the world, another rating based on PPP is more credible.

According to the International Bank, the level of GDP at PPP for the countries of the world is:

The International Bank evaluates all the economies of the world with the exception of Syria (due to active hostilities), Somalia (since the state actually broke up into several separate parts) and Venezuela (domestic politics is extremely closed, it is impossible to accurately assess the level of GDP by PPP).

economic freedom

The most important indicator of a country's development is the level (or index) of economic freedom. Since 1995, it has been defined by the American research center "Heritage Foundation" and published annually on its website and in the Wall Street Journal.

Based on the theories of Adam Smith, experts at the Heritage Foundation define economic freedom as the level of non-intervention by the state in the process of production, distribution and consumption, except in situations where it is necessary to protect citizens.

The index is calculated according to the arithmetic mean of ten criteria of freedom - property, absence of corruption, the government's share in regulating the economy, freedom of trade, investment, labor, entrepreneurship, monetary, fiscal, financial. For each of them, an evaluation scale is developed from 0 to 100 points, which are summed up as a result. The higher the score, the higher the level of economic freedom.

Thus, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Ireland and Switzerland are considered countries with a free economy (from 80 points and above) in 2019.

As for the countries of the former USSR, in most cases the level of economic freedom in them is weak. Most states are characterized by the active influence of the state on all spheres of life, which often creates some inconvenience and hinders the free development of the economy.

As an example, here are data from 2 studies conducted in 2016 and 2019 for comparison:

Prosperity Rating

The economic achievements of the countries of the world are also measured by the level of prosperity. This indicator is offered by the English analytical center Legatum Institute. He has been calculating it since 2006. This index is determined by the level of social well-being of countries in the field of economic development, entrepreneurship, governance, health, security, education, personal freedoms and social capital. Each of the eight criteria is calculated on the basis of statistical research by the United Nations, the World Bank, sociological data from the Gallup Institute and other authoritative centers. According to the results of comparative studies, a rating of states is published annually. In 2019, such results were published for 142 countries of the world.

Norway, Switzerland, Denmark, New Zealand, Sweden, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands have the best indicators on the prosperity index.

Other indicators

There are other indicators by which the rating of a country's economic development is measured. This is the level of GDP per capita. It is not considered a strict characteristic, but is considered an important indicator.

Recent studies of the level of GDP per capita (nominal) according to World Bank estimates show the following results:

A more accurate characteristic is the level of the same indicator in terms of parity (the ratio of several currencies) per capita purchasing power to a certain set of services or goods.

Here the first places are occupied by:

The Human Development Index, which has been published in the reports of the United Nations Development Program since 1990, is another traditional comparative indicator of living standards and the economy. Norway, Australia, Switzerland, Netherlands, USA, Germany, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, Denmark have a very high human development rating, according to the latest 2014 report.

Based on all these indicators, the world's strongest and most efficient economies for 2019 are:

2. Hong Kong

3. Australia

4. Germany

5. Switzerland

7. Netherlands

8. New Zealand

9. Singapore

10. Japan

Corruption Perceptions Index

Since 1996, the rating of the level of corruption has been recognized as the most important indicator of the state of the country's economy. The official name is the Corruption Perceptions Index. It was introduced by the international non-governmental organization Transparency International. It takes into account how widespread corruption is in the public sector. This ranking is calculated by analyzing surveys and statistical data. Corruption in the framework of the study refers to any extraction of personal gain through abuse of office.

Interestingly, the study is not based on the statistics of criminal cases or sentences, but on the opinion of those who suffer from corruption or study this phenomenon.

To determine this index, we developed a scale from zero to one hundred, where 0 means the maximum level of corruption, and 100 - its absence. Although the methodology by which the rating is determined is the object of criticism, in general it is recognized by experts as relatively reliable.

The most difficult situation with corruption is observed in the following countries:

Credit ratings

The economic "health" of the country is also assessed by financial or credit ratings. They are calculated taking into account the financial history of the state, the size of its property and the ability and desire to pay debts. Such an index is needed in order to make it clear to potential creditors or investors how safe it is to deal with the country. Financial ratings are assessed by international agencies. Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Fitch have the most serious reputation. They work all over the world and help to distinguish reliable partners from unreliable ones. Each of them has its own naming system, but in general, countries with a high degree of obligation are designated by the letter A, medium and lower - Ba, risky - B, high risk and close to default - C.

Index with a "human face"

The last few years have demonstrated the importance of such an indicator of economic development as social progress. The previous indicators corresponded to economic theories, but they did not show how the growth of the economy affects people's lives. Therefore, in 2013, the Social Progress Index was developed as an alternative to economic indicators. Its author is Harvard University professor Michael Porter. This rating is calculated based on the analysis of sociological survey data, expert opinions and statistical information from international organizations. Determining the achievements of each country in this area, the researchers took into account more than fifty factors.

1. This is the satisfaction of basic needs - food, water and medical care, housing, a degree.
2. Then the fundamental foundations of well-being are taken into account - access to education and information, the level of literacy and communication.
3. And, finally, development opportunities are analyzed - the level of protection of civil and political rights and self-realization is determined.

From the results of the studies we analyzed, it is clear that there is a direct relationship between economic freedom, financial security, standard of living, and social progress. Countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Switzerland, Norway, the Netherlands are leading among those who provide their citizens with dignity and at the same time respect civil and political rights, and also pay their bills honestly. Little Asian "tigers": Singapore or Hong Kong, as well as oil "millionaires" (UAE, Qatar) are "ahead of the rest" in terms of economic freedom and per capita income. But countries with a strong and efficient economy - the USA, China, Japan, Great Britain, Germany - are distributed in different positions in the ranking, because. far from always being able to provide the people living there with a high level of income and opportunities for development.

The absolute wealth of a country is expressed by GDP. The absolute indicator of GDP indicates the general level of development of the country's economy and its share in the world gross product. The wealth of the inhabitants is usually calculated as the total GDP / number of citizens of the country. It is clear that the wealth ratings of countries and their inhabitants have little overlap with each other.

The richest countries in the world 2016 by absolute GDP

1st place in terms of wealth in 2016 is occupied by the United States

America, against the backdrop of a greatly slowed down China in 2016, no longer threatens to lose first place. Compared to last year, GDP grew by $433 billion and the gap from second place widened.

2nd place went to China

The Chinese economic “bubble” has been deflating throughout the past year. Structural problems associated with rising labor costs have so far been filled with money - about $400 billion of reserves have been spent. Although GDP growth has slowed down, it shows a stable positive result: +$171 billion.

3rd place - Japan

The global technology giant continues to show good economic growth, despite the non-volatility of Asian markets. +$202 billion

4th place went to Germany

Despite the problems in the Eurozone, its economic powerhouse managed to remain the fourth largest economy in the world. +$54 billion

5th place - Great Britain

The only country in the top five that showed a negative result according to IMF estimates from April to April.

Russia among the strongest economies in the world was in 14th position with a result of $1.1 trillion of GDP. The Russian Federation, although it showed negative growth, was able to climb one step in the ranking due to Mexico, which fell to 15th place.

List of Top 100 countries by absolute GDP in 2016

It is clear that China, with a population of 1.36 billion people, is much easier to achieve absolute indicators than relative ones. The relative indicator of GDP is based on the ratio of the GDP produced by the country to the size of its population and characterizes the wealth and standard of living of the citizen himself.

The richest countries in the world 2016 by the level of well-being of citizens (GDP per capita)

The richest citizens of 2016 live in Luxembourg

The miniature state still lives on the rent from offshore and banking income and feels great about it. Citizens get $104,000 of the country's GDP per person.

2nd place - Switzerland

Swiss banking secrecy and tourism allows the country's citizens to be among the wealthiest in the world. GDP per capita - $ 78 thousand.

3rd place was taken by Norway

The Nordic country, despite significant losses from falling oil prices, managed to remain in the top three countries with the highest living standards. $69712

4th place - Qatar

The oil-producing Middle Eastern state has lost more than Norway from the fall of oil. If last year Qatar was in the lead in the list, now it is only the fourth place with a result of $66,000 per person.

Rounding out the top five - Macau

The Special Administrative Region of China, with a small population of 500,000 by Chinese standards, earns from tourism (an annual flow of 25 million) and gambling, which makes up 40% of GDP. $62.5 thousand

Russians in 2016 they became poorer by $1,300 per person. $7750 is the 73rd result.

List of Top 100 countries by GDP per capita

While GDP at purchasing power parity may not be a fair estimate and akin to a mental balancing act like the Big Mac index, we present the existing data.

Ranking of countries by GDP PPP per capita 2016

Many people like to travel the world to see with their own eyes not only the famous monuments of architecture and art, but also the lives of completely different people. How do Americans, Italians or New Zealanders live? Better than us, or vice versa? After all, probably everyone wants to live where it's good?

Thus, the scientists of The Legatum Institute compiled a rating of countries in terms of living standards and prosperity based not only on numerical indicators (climatic, economic, environmental, etc.), but also taking into account the opinions of the inhabitants of countries obtained as a result of surveys. The latter identified such important criteria as social life in the country, comfort of living, the attitude of residents towards foreigners, freedom of movement and doing business, and many others.

So, below are the countries with a high standard of living, which occupy the first fifteen positions in the ranking.

15. Austria

This country ranks fifteenth in the ranking. Nevertheless, it is here that the highest level of education in the whole world is. Thus, more than 80% of Austrian citizens aged 25 to 65 have an education of at least secondary. In addition, the people of the country are known for their strong sense of community. More than 90% believe that in difficult times they can rely on one of their countrymen.

The average income of an Austrian family is 28,852 thousand dollars a year.

14. Germany

The Germans are in the position above. They are known to be hardworking people. There is practically a population, there is no unemployment. About 80% of citizens aged 15 to 65 work in paid positions.

Germany has a rather high rate (81 years). And the average earnings - 30 721 thousand dollars a year.

In addition, surveys have shown that 75% of Germans experience much more positive emotions per day (such as joy, pride in accomplishments, a sense of calm, and others) than negative ones.

13. Iceland

Iceland previously occupied the twelfth position (ranking of countries by standard of living, compiled in 2012). Today, however, its performance has deteriorated somewhat. But, despite this, the country is flourishing, and is considered one of the best places for a comfortable life. The ecology of Iceland is at a very high level. A huge amount of forests has been preserved here, and therefore, citizens breathe clean air.

The average income of an Icelandic family is $23,047 per person.

12. Ireland

The Irish are famous for their friendliness and good humor. They are all "one big family", and can rely on each other in a difficult situation. And also do not forget to work and build your personal life. Thus, Ireland scored the most points in the category "balance between personal life and work."

The average income of the population is 24,104 US dollars per year (per person).

11. United States of America

In contrast to previous years, the United States has lost ground, and today it no longer falls short of tenth place in the ranking. However, Americans score best in the safety and housing categories. As well as the world's highest average per capita income - 38,001 thousand dollars a year.

10. Luxembourg

Top ten ranking opens Luxembourg. The country received the highest scores in the categories "ecology" and "health" (the level of air pollution here is within the limits of PM10). In addition, it is distinguished by a high life expectancy - 81 years. Citizens of Luxembourg are confident in the future, are satisfied with politics and actively participate in elections (91% of the country).

Average earnings are 23,047 thousand US dollars per year.

9. Netherlands

The Netherlands has the least work - only 1379 hours a year. However, the average income here is much higher than in other countries - 25,493 thousand dollars a year. The country also received a large number of points for general education programs.

8. Finland

Finland has a very high level of education and knowledge in general. Thus, the average Finnish student scored 543 points in mathematics, literacy and science. These are very high figures. According to surveys, more than 80% of Finns are satisfied with their standard of living.

The average income of each family member here is 25,739 thousand dollars.

7. Australia

Over the past years, the country's performance has fallen sharply. So, from third place (ranking of countries by standard of living, compiled in 2012), Australia moved to seventh.

However, there are still high rates in such categories as "housing conditions", "health care", "civic activity". All this makes the state-continent one of the most comfortable and happy countries.

Life expectancy is 82 years, and income is 28,884 thousand dollars a year.

6. Denmark

The country has the highest in the “life satisfaction” category: 90% of citizens are happy and experience a lot of positive emotions every day. High performance in the ranking of "balance between personal life and work." The Danes have time for everything.

The average annual income is 24,682 thousand dollars.

5. New Zealand

The country actively uses renewable energy sources. Much more often than in other countries. There is a high level of knowledge in the field of natural sciences and humanities. By the way, the results of testing knowledge in women are higher than in men.

The median annual income is $21,892.

4. Sweden

High level of education: 90% of the population have a diploma of secondary education. High level of ecology: clean air and drinking water. The median income is $26,242.

3. Canada

There are a lot of immigrants here, which indicates a high standard of living. After all, if it were bad, no one would go to Canada. Education, healthcare and ecology are at the highest level. But crime is very low here, so many emigrate here for the sake of peace and security. The country has a high level of social support and is quite good. Thus, the average figure is $ 38,194 per year.

2. Switzerland

Almost all indicators of the country's well-being are very high. This also applies to the level of education, and life expectancy, and the quality of housing conditions, health care, and others. Excellent performance in OECD general education programs. High life expectancy. There is no unemployment and no crime. The average income of the population is $ 30,060 per year.

1. Norway

So, Norway leads the ranking of countries in terms of living standards. The country won the first place thanks to its social and economic indicators. And also according to the results of the assessment of natural resources. Thus, 5% of the entire territory of the country is occupied by transparent and clean water bodies, 23% - by vast forests, the wildlife of which is under reliable protection.

In Norway, not only a favorable environmental situation, but also the highest standard of living. The country guarantees reliable and safe public transport, postal communications, land and air communications. There are no power supply problems here. High quality housing provided at affordable prices. The median income is $31,459 per year.

Unfortunately, Russia is not even included in the top twenty of the world. Our state occupies only 61 positions in the ranking. The main problem, according to surveys, is security. More than half of the respondents are afraid to be outside at night.