German houses turnkey. Houses on German technology. Video about modern glass frame half-timbered houses

The construction of houses using Canadian technology involves the construction of a building from pre-prepared structural elements. Frame elements and wall panels are manufactured at the production sites and transported to the construction site, where they are finally assembled on a pre-built foundation. Previously, engineering communications are introduced through the foundation and its waterproofing is performed.

After the final installation of wall structures, roofing and floors, pipes and electrical wiring are installed around the house, windows and doors are installed, and interior decoration is performed. BAKO builds frame houses on a turnkey basis using Canadian technology from elements of its own production according to standard and individual projects. Finished houses look attractive and are comfortable thanks to high-quality finishes and life support systems thought out to the smallest detail.

Advantages of frame technologies

• Construction costs 25-30% less than the implementation of a similar project made of brick, foam concrete or wooden beams;
• To build such a turnkey house twice as fast;
• The thermal circuit of a frame house retains heat better and helps save money on heating;
• Due to the low thermal conductivity in summer, the walls and roof warm up less under the rays of the sun and keep cool inside;
• You can build a frame house not only in summer, but also in winter;
• The main material for construction is wood, an environmentally friendly and renewable resource;
• The houses are designed for operation in the conditions of the Russian climate, they are not afraid of high humidity and seasonal temperature changes;
• Frame houses are built in countries with different climates, they protect equally well from frost -45C and heat + 45C;
• In Japan, due to the increased seismic hazard, about 90% of buildings are built using frame technologies, because they are better able to withstand earthquakes.

Design features and stages of construction

Before starting construction, it is necessary to study soil samples and determine the level of standing groundwater on the site. After receiving data from geological surveys in the construction area, earthworks begin.

Frame houses are relatively light, do not require a massive foundation and are mainly designed without a basement. They are built on pile-tape or monolithic strip foundations of shallow laying. Simultaneously with the concreting of the foundation, we carry out the input and laying of engineering communications in the underground of the house.

At the production sites of the company, we manufacture a double frame and deliver it to the construction site. We lay 2-3 layers of waterproofing on top of the foundation tape and proceed to the installation of the frame. When the external walls and ceilings are installed, we mount the beams, rafters and lay the roof.

We start creating a thermal circuit - we insulate walls and ceilings, make a vapor barrier and sheathe it with wooden contours, to which internal wall and ceiling panels are attached. In each project, engineering systems are thought out and planned to the smallest detail, the structures are made taking into account their design.

After assembling the frame, we lay pipes for water supply, sewerage, heating and ventilation. We install radiators, heating boilers, boilers and an electrical panel, lay electrical wires and cables, and make grounding. We install sockets, switches and lamps in accordance with the plan for connecting household appliances.

At the final stage, we carry out interior finishing - preparation of walls for painting, tiling or wallpapering, and fine decorative finishing. We sheathe the facade with wood or siding, veneer with brick or artificial stone.

Before handing over the object to the customer, we install decorative elements, additional equipment, arrange a blind area around the perimeter of the foundation, steps of the porch, railings for stairs, balconies and open terraces. The house is put into operation completely ready for living.

German house building technology

A distinctive feature of German technology is the manufacture of house structures completely ready for fine interior finishing in the factory. Window openings have already been made on the walls of the house, and external and internal wall panels are fixed, between which there is a heater. The prepared elements of the house are quickly assembled together, utilities are connected and finishing is done.

In this, the German technology of building houses differs from the Canadian one, in which only individual elements of the frame and panels for external and internal walls are prepared at the factory. European technology implies a more careful choice of building materials already at the design stage and high precision in the manufacture of large structures. During installation, construction equipment with a greater carrying capacity is required than when erected using Canadian technology.

Frame houses from the company BAKO

BAKO independently manufactures structures for the construction of houses using Canadian technology on a turnkey basis. You can familiarize yourself with the standard projects presented in our catalog, it is possible to make changes to any of them according to your requirements.

We care about the health of our customers and do not use formaldehyde-releasing materials inside the house. For insulation, we use soft KNAUF insulation, which does not contain adhesives. It is recommended for use in children's institutions. We produce interior wall panels from pressed wood shavings bonded with cement mortar.

We treat wood used in construction with antiseptic impregnations and primers to prolong their service life. We provide a 10-year guarantee for frame structures, and within a year we eliminate any problems that sometimes arise due to the settlement of the building. All materials used have been certified in Russia, they are provided with a guarantee from manufacturers.

In many countries, there are special technologies for the construction of residential private houses that have been used for centuries. Basically, the traditions developed on the basis of climatic conditions and the possibilities of the area where the construction was carried out, that is, taking into account what material it was rich in. True, in our time, everything is already somewhat different - a wide variety of materials are available everywhere for the construction of buildings, and the task, therefore, has been simplified. However, the basic technological principles are largely preserved.

Recently, many questions from the owners of building plots cause a special direction - building a house using German technology. It should be noted right away that this image is largely, so to speak, collective. Most often, this approach involves the rapid construction of walls at minimal cost and with maximum energy efficiency of the building. Therefore, it is becoming more and more popular in some Russian regions, with similar to European climatic conditions.

In fact, there are several technologies that are classified with some degree of conventionality as "German". Let's look at them first briefly, and then we will analyze one in more detail.

Advantages of German construction technologies

The main advantage of the technologies that are usually called German is that the construction is very fast. Literally during the summer period, the house can be erected and delivered on a turnkey basis. So, for example, a house made of high-quality aerated concrete blocks, having an area of ​​​​180 ÷ 200 m², is easily built in one and a half ÷ two months.

In addition, there are other "advantages" of using special technological methods, which include the following.

• The design of the house can be adapted to any reasonable climatic conditions. That is, if a house is being built in a region with cold winters, then it will be enough to produce more reliable floors, ceilings and roofs.
• Considering that in Germany a very careful, economical attitude to energy resources is traditional, which ensures comfortable living, houses built according to one of the German technologies become very energy efficient in themselves.
• The term of trouble-free operation, of course, with proper maintenance, is at least 50 years.
• All of Europe is particularly demanding about the environmental safety of the home. And therefore, houses are built from non-toxic, harmless to humans and the environment materials, which is one of the most important advantages.
• Ease of construction and operation. As a rule, the projects of such houses are freed from unnecessary elements, and the layout of the premises is thought out so that their use is as comfortable as possible.
• It is impossible not to note the aesthetic appearance of the facade of the building. And after the construction is completed, if desired, it can be “complicated” with additional decorative elements.

The main types of "German" houses and their general characteristics

In Germany, the construction of houses from various materials is widely practiced - these can be insulated frame structures, buildings made of sandwich panels, slabs or blocks.

• Perhaps the most affordable option for building a house is. By the way, it is widely used not only in Germany, but also in Finland and other Scandinavian countries, which are similar in their climatic conditions to the cold Russian regions.

In a similar design, the frame of the walls is formed from glued beams. The insulation material is placed between the elements of the frame, which is then sheathed on both sides with a board, plywood, OSB or other modern sheet or piece materials.

As a heater in frame structures, mineral wool is most often used, preferably on a basalt basis. But other thermal insulation material that is not subject to deformation and decay can also be used. Glued laminated timber, which forms the skeleton of the walls, is made using a special technology that takes into account the scope of its application, which makes the base more durable and reliable.

How is a frame house built?

If you follow all the technological requirements for the construction of such housing, do not allow ill-conceived simplifications, then it will last a long time and will be very comfortable. Detailed information about is set out in a special publication of our portal.

• Another popular option for building houses in Germany is using sandwich panels (SIP panels) for building walls.

The panels are produced in different sizes and can be used for thermal insulation of already erected walls, in frame construction or as an independent self-supporting material. For the construction of walls, special panels are used, which are a block frame, insulated with expanded polystyrene, which is sheathed on both sides with OSB (orientated strand board).

Prices for SIP panels

SIP panels

The insulation embedded in the panels can have a different thickness - this parameter is selected depending on the region in which the house will be built, based on the heat engineering calculations being carried out.

Houses built from SIP panels are assembled using SKD technology. Elements of the building, as a rule, are manufactured in the factory at 90% of their readiness. And at the construction site, it remains only to assemble them into a single structure. The production of panels is immediately carried out according to the exact dimensions, according to the developed project, so it is not difficult to assemble them on site.

The complexity of assembling a house from panels lies only in the fact that during their installation one cannot do without special lifting equipment. However, if we compare the long-term work of a construction team, which will also cost a lot, then the cost of renting equipment will seem quite inexpensive.

The advantages of frame and panel structures include the following factors:

- The lightness of the design allows you to install it on a shallow or pile foundation.

- Due to the low thermal conductivity of the insulation, the walls, even those that seem to be of small thickness, will provide a good level of thermal insulation of the premises;

- It is possible to use the intra-wall space to accommodate certain engineering communications.

- The rather high bearing capacity of the walls allows you to choose any of the roofing materials you like.

— There is a high degree of seismic resistance and low susceptibility to seasonal ground movement.

— The non-shrinkage of the structure makes it possible to start finishing work on the facade and internal surfaces without additional waiting.

— This technology opens up wide opportunities for the implementation of any, even the most complex projects.

- It remains possible to equip capital extensions in the future, which is quite difficult to do if the house is built of brick and has a deep foundation.

- It is possible to build a house at almost any time of the year, provided that it is protected from high humidity and precipitation.

— Ecological cleanliness of the created building is important - in Germany all building materials have a special certification certifying their quality.

- When building a frame house, you can do without the involvement of specialized equipment.

— Quite affordable total cost of construction is explained by all the factors listed above.

• However, the most popular material for building a low-rise building is blocks made using different technologies and on different bases. Building blocks are gas silicate (foam concrete or aerated concrete) and ceramic. It is on the house of ceramic blocks that our attention will be focused in the future.

Construction of a residential building from ceramic blocks

Recently, ceramic blocks have been increasingly used in low-rise construction, which have excellent characteristics for building houses in regions with a cold climate. These piece products are quite large, which makes the construction process faster and easier, in contrast to the use of bricks made from the same material. In addition, ceramic blocks have a lower thermal conductivity due to the large number of internal voids separated by partitions.

Manufacturing of ceramic blocks

Let's take a closer look at what a ceramic wall block is. Sometimes this type of material is also called porous warm ceramics or large-format stone. It is a more high-tech analogue of hollow brick, similar to the latter in terms of raw materials, however, surpassing it in operational parameters, as well as in linear dimensions - at least twice.

Prices for ceramic blocks

ceramic blocks

"Warm ceramics" - special wall blocks, very convenient in laying and having high thermal insulation qualities for this type of material

The ceramic block on both sides along its length has a “comb-groove” docking lock, which minimizes the number of through seams in the masonry, which significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the walls. Due to this, houses built from ceramic blocks, unlike brick buildings, are much warmer.

The production of this building material is almost impossible in artisanal conditions. Therefore, there is probably no chance of running into a cheap fake, that is, the consumer can be sure of the quality of the building material, since the process takes place in accordance with technological requirements and under strict control. Ceramic blocks are made on special equipment and are absolutely environmentally friendly material, since only natural raw materials are used in production.

The manufacturing process consists of several stages:

• Specially selected purified clay is thoroughly mixed until smooth.

• Then porizers are added to the mass, which are used as sawdust, chopped straw, rice and seed husks, crushed peat or other similar organic waste, after which the mass is mixed well again.
• Further, the mass is molded according to the extrusion technology in the given geometric dimensions and cut into blocks.
• The next step is to dry the molded products from excess moisture.
• The end of the manufacturing process is the firing of the dried blocks at temperatures determined by the technology. During such firing, the porosizers burn out, leaving in their place the smallest voids-pores, which further reduce the thermal conductivity of the material.

Linear parameters and technical and operational characteristics of ceramic blocks

Ceramic blocks from different manufacturers differ in their linear parameters, on which, of course, some technical and operational characteristics of products also depend. As an example, consider the characteristics of Porotherm ceramic blocks from the Austrian company Wienerberger:

Name of characteristics	Porotherm 38	Porotherm 44	Porotherm 50
Length, width, height, mm	380×248×238	440×248×238	500×248×238
Weight, kg	17	19	21
Compressive strength, MPa	10	10	10
Thermal conductivity, W/(m×K)	0.13	0.13	0.13
Frost resistance, cycle	50	50	50
Moisture absorption, %	11÷14	11÷13	11÷13

A total of 14 different block sizes are produced. In addition, products can differ in the number and size of voids in their inner part, as well as the geometry of the groove-thorn connecting locks.

Like ordinary bricks, ceramic blocks can be divided into front and ordinary. Privates are used to build external walls or internal partitions, which will later be lined with decorative material or plastered. The front blocks are designed for the construction of external walls for jointing. Often they are used to create multilayer insulated masonry, something like the one shown in the illustration above.

Positive and negative qualities of ceramic blocks

Naturally, like any building material, ceramic blocks have their advantages and disadvantages. And you need to know about them in advance, choosing such material for building a house.

TO benefits ceramic blocks compared to manyother building materials, the following points can be made:

• Low thermal conductivity of products. The voids inside the block, as well as the porosity of the material itself, contribute to excellent heat retention inside the house.
• The large dimensions of the blocks allow you to build the walls of the house in the shortest possible time. In addition to size, the lock of blocks contributes to the convenience of masonry.

• Saving masonry mortar. Blocks are stacked on thin enough a layer of mortar, and on their sides of the blocks the mortar is applied only to the grooves of the lock or not applied at all.

• Ecological cleanliness of products is also important, since they are not only produced from environmentally friendly raw materials. In addition, they are a "breathable" material, on the surface and inside of which a favorable environment is not created for the formation of mold colonies.
• The relatively low weight of the products also contributes to the acceleration of masonry work, and also reduces the load on the foundation of the building being erected.
• Low moisture absorption makes the material resistant to external natural influences.
• Walls with a large number of voids set a high level of sound insulation of the premises from external noise.
• Ceramic blocks are non-combustible material, and belongs to the combustibility group "NG".

TO negative moments associated with the choice of this material, include the following:

• The complexity of cutting ceramic blocks. In order to cut them, you will need an electric saw with which you need to be able to work.

• The high cost of ceramic products, which deters many consumers.
• For the construction of walls, it is better to invite a specialist who has previously worked with this material, since there are some nuances that are taken into account during the work.

• To perform masonry, a special solution will be required, which will also require additional costs. True, as already mentioned, it is spent very sparingly.
• There are considerable difficulties in transportation and unloading. These operations must be carried out very carefully, since fired ceramics are fragile enough material. Products can crack or even break completely if accidentally hit hard.

Illustration	Brief description of the stages of construction work
	Further, strips of waterproofing material are laid on the finished concrete belt, and a board 50 mm thick is laid and fixed on top of them (this is in the example shown, but in general it is desirable to make the Mauerlat thicker). This frame will become a power plate for securing the elements of the truss system.
	Special perforated corners are fixed on the mauerlat along pre-made marking lines, which will facilitate the fixation of the rafter legs, as well as give strength to the fastening.
	Then, starting from the middle of the building, the formation of a tent truss system begins. The process of work is quite fast, since the system is assembled from ready-made elements, that is, the assembled trusses rise to a height. It remains only to fix them to the Mauerlat, and then fasten them together. (It is clear that this is a special case shown as an example. And so the truss system can be completely different).
	The rafters are fixed to the trusses, already connected to the floor beam and reinforced with metal perforated plates.
	Then, sprigs are attached to the rafter legs, already equipped with racks and attached to the corresponding sections of the floor beams. Thus, a rigid triangular structure is installed, so installation is quite simple.
	On the Mauerlat, all the details of the truss system are fixed on the corners previously screwed to it. Since the finished parts are easy to fix, the work may well be carried out by one person.
	The assembled truss system is framed by a wind board, which is fixed to the end sides of the rafters and joists.
	The next step is that the slopes of the truss system are covered with a diffuse membrane, which will protect the roofing from moisture, but will not retain internal moisture, which may form as a result of intra-house evaporation. That is, the coating is waterproofing from the outside and vapor-permeable from the inside of the structure.
	Further, on top of the waterproofing sheet, first, the slats of the counter-lattice are mounted along the rafters, which will finally fix the sheet and set the necessary ventilation gap. On top of these rails, perpendicular to them, a crate of timber is mounted for laying ceramic tiles. The installation step of the timber is calculated depending on the linear dimensions of the tiles.
	At the same stage, the waterproofing of the valleys, which are located on the sides of the protruding section of the roof, is strengthened. In addition, when arranging the crate, it is necessary to arrange the adjoining of the waterproofing and framing with additional bars of the ventilation pipe.
	Further, the valleys are closed with metal gutters, which are fixed at the edges on the crate and covered with the edges of the tile covering.
	At the joints of the slopes, special metal supporting elements are fixed to the elements of the crate, on which it is laid and fixed along an additional beam. The beam will serve as the basis for laying the ridge tile elements. Further, the beam is covered with waterproofing material along its entire length, which should go under the ordinary tiles of the slopes.
	After the joints of the slopes are prepared, the roofing material rises up and is evenly laid out over the roof surface. This method is convenient in installation work, which will be much faster, since all the material will be at hand.
	Tiles are laid starting from the eaves, each of the upper rows is mounted overlapping on the lower one. The fastening of the tiles to the crate is carried out only in the upper part.
	Between themselves, the tiles used in this case are fastened with the help of special metal locks. Simultaneously with the privates, the ridge elements of the roofing are also mounted.
	After covering the roof, with the help of ceramic blocks of a certain shape, the ventilation pipe rises to the desired level.
	Then the pipe is sheathed with plates imitating tiles, and a decorative and protective cap is installed on top of it.
	From the side of the rooms on the second floor, a vapor barrier membrane is stretched and fixed on the floor beams of the truss system, and then the ceiling is hemmed with a board or drywall. From the side of the attic, on the prepared base, insulation material is laid between the floor beams. In this case, mineral basalt wool is used in this capacity.
	Further, along the cornices, a drainage system is fixed. First, brackets are fixed in the windboard, on which gutters are installed at an angle towards the downpipe.
	The next step is filing the spotlights, the panels of which are attached to the overhangs formed by the protruding elements of the truss system.
	When all the main external works are completed, they proceed to carry out internal communications - electrical wiring, heating, water supply, etc. To pass pipes and cables through the walls, holes are drilled in them using a perforator and a crown nozzle. For future sockets and switches, sockets are cut out to which the corresponding cables are connected.
	Windows and doors are installed in the openings.
	The walls are plastered or covered with plasterboard.
	The water system "warm floor" is being installed, the elements of which are laid on insulating mats.
	Next, the floors are poured with a leveling screed and rubbed.
	The stairs to the second floor are being installed.
	In parallel with the interior decoration, if there are enough working hands, the external surfaces of the walls are plastered and a decorative facade coating is applied.

Readers probably noticed that the description of the construction turned out to be rather short, literally just listing the operations performed. However, detailed information about each of these processes can be found on the pages of our portal in specialized articles. These are calculations and installation of various types of truss systems, installation of roofing, installation of a drainage system, communications, facade and interior decoration, arrangement of a drainage and storm system around the house, creation of a system of "warm floors" and much, much more.

Prices for "warm floor"

warm floor

And from the above description, the conclusion suggests itself that building a house using this technology will still be very expensive. The road material is already in itself, and besides, many stages of work require the involvement of specialized equipment. However, you have to pay for the speed and quality of the work. But it will be possible to move into the finished house immediately after the completion of construction, without waiting for shrinkage.

concrete mixer prices

concrete mixer

Unfortunately, this technology is not suitable for all areas, therefore, before choosing such a project, it is necessary to conduct soil surveys on the site.

And at the end of the publication - another interesting approach to the construction of houses "according to German technology." The proposed video shows the construction of a residential building in a panel way.

Video: Construction of a panel private house in Germany

Exterior walls

Exterior wall panels

2) Vapor barrier film.

Partitions

Internal partition panels

support bar

Internal walls

Interior wall panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

Floor slabs

TAMAK frame-panel structures have a high load-bearing capacity with a small panel thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, can withstand more than 990 kg/m2 of evenly distributed load. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.

Interfloor and attic floor panels

5) DSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Attic floor slabs

TAMAK frame-panel structures have excellent thermal protection with a small panel thickness. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low heat losses and low operating costs.

Interfloor and attic floor panels

1) Draft floor - DSP TAMAK 20 mm.

2) Wooden load-bearing beams 195 mm high with spans not exceeding 4.2 mm, 240 mm high, with spans over 4.2 mm to 4.8 mm.

3) Non-combustible insulation "Isolight M50" 100 mm thick (in attic areas to the full height).

4) Vapor barrier - p / e film - for attic areas.

5) DSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Roof construction in disassembly

The structures of the truss system are made of dry planed lumber, sawn to size according to the developed project, marked according to the installation scheme. It is possible to manufacture the most complex designs.

Roof structure

1) Metal tile (not included).

2) Lathing 44x50 mm with a step of 300-340 mm.

3) Clamping bar 44x50 mm.

4) Diffusion film "Ondutis SA115", for cold attics - waterproofing film "Ondutis RV100".

5) Rafters, wooden girders with a section according to the calculation.

Exterior walls

TAMAK frame-panel structures have better thermal protection with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates. The energy efficiency of the structures ensures low operating costs.

Exterior wall panels

1) Internal wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Vapor barrier film.

3) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.

4) Non-combustible insulation made of Isolight-lux mineral wool board (ISOROC) with a density of 60 kg / m3, for the thickness of the frame.

5) External wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm.

Partitions

TAMAK frame-and-panel structures can withstand high weight loads with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. The weight load on two points of support is about 400 kg. Partitions are easy to dismantle without dirt and dust if redevelopment is necessary.

Internal partition panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 44 mm or 70 mm (according to the project).

3) Non-combustible insulation made of Izolight M50 mineral wool board, 50 mm thick.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

support bar

Antiseptic timber, section 44 * 144 mm, softwood lumber.

Internal walls

TAMAK frame-and-panel structures can withstand high weight loads with a small wall thickness. The wooden frame, sheathed on both sides with cement-bonded particle boards, creates a solid structure. The weight load on two points of support is about 400 kg. Inside the structure, a non-combustible stone wool insulation is used, which has environmental and health-friendly properties, confirmed by a number of certificates.

Interior wall panels

1) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

2) Wooden frame made of dry planed timber 144 mm.

3) Non-combustible insulation made of Izolight M50 mineral wool board, 100 mm thick.

4) Wall cladding - CSP TAMAK 12 mm or GVLV.

Frame construction technology combines houses based on a frame - a rigid structure made of wood or metal. The main advantage of such buildings is the speed of construction. They are suitable for any soil and climate. The light weight of the building is a reason to save money by making the foundation of a small depth. If you are still in doubt whether it is worth building a frame house or whether it is better to give preference to a stone one, study the features of the technology, types of construction, advantages and disadvantages.

Types of frame houses

According to the classical technology, the frame is first assembled from the upper and lower straps, vertical posts and cross beams, then it is sheathed with sheet materials, insulated, and made. The insulation is mounted by surprise in the gaps between the racks. The pitch of the racks is made slightly smaller than the width of the insulation sheets to ensure a snug fit without gaps.

There are several types of frame houses:

1. Houses from SIP panels (Canadian).
2. Platform technology.
3. Frame - according to German technology.
4. Frame-frame, including fachwerk.
5. Frame houses with.

Houses from SIP panels - the experience of Canadian builders

SIP panels or sandwich panels - prefabricated small shields with insulation inside which are used for ceilings and walls. Polystyrene is usually used as a heater, it is glued between two sheets of OSB and pressed. OSB - oriented strand board, a mixture of chips and chips, glued with resins.

The insulation layer is slightly shorter than the plates; this recess is needed for attaching to the timber. To connect the panels, the "thorn-groove" principle is used, the joints are foamed with mounting foam before installation. The edge panel is attached to the floor joists or frame beams.

SIP panels are produced in the factory, which speeds up the assembly of the house on site. The technology is widely used in Canada and the United States, so houses built with it are often called "Canadian".

disadvantages: the design must include a forced ventilation system, otherwise condensation will form. The use of prefabricated panels is much more expensive than conventional insulation and installation of OSB.

Technology "Platform" - assembly of walls on the floor

Wall panels are assembled in a horizontal position on the floor plane, which serves as a platform, and then raised. Sometimes the skin is also attached while the shield is lying. To prevent the frame from warping, jibs are made - additional inclined supports.

The jibs are cut at an angle into the upper and lower trims, for strength they are nailed to each vertical rack. If the walls are made of slab material, then the structure is quite rigid, then the jibs are placed temporarily, and then removed. Shields for the second floor are assembled on the floor. Such a "layered" assembly allows you to do without scaffolding.

Frame-panel houses according to German technology - practicality and energy efficiency

The German version of frame-panel houses - record construction time and ready-made wall panels. Large shields are fully assembled at the factory and brought to the construction site with windows already inserted, cladding and even communications laid.

However, the dimensions of the panels require powerful equipment for transportation, which is not able to drive and turn around everywhere. Another disadvantage is the complexity of quality control of the panels by the customer during their production at the factory.

The advantages of such houses, in addition to the rapid construction, include energy efficiency. Practical Germans take into account the costs not only for construction, but also for future operation. If the winter turns out to be frosty, then the cost of heating a country house will result in a significant amount, so the building should “keep” heat well.

Frame-frame and half-timbered houses - installation of insulation in the "frame"

Frame-frame method - the construction of a frame of timber and boards, which form a "frame" for the installation of sheathing and insulation. When performing interior decoration, it is possible to hide communications in the walls, but this also turns into a minus if alteration is subsequently needed. The “human factor” comes to the fore, since there are no ready-made shields, they are completely assembled by hand.

half-timbered houses features a characteristic frame with inclined beams, which is visible from the outside and highlighted in color. Fachwerk traditions come from the Middle Ages, but then the space between the bars was filled with stone and clay, and today houses in this style are characterized by large areas of glazing.

The main load falls on the frame, to which the inclined elements give rigidity, so glass is used to fill the space between the beams without fear that it will burst.

Glued laminated timber is usually taken for the frame, it does not deform or crack. The thickness of the beam depends on the requirements for the thickness of the heat-shielding layer.

Fachwerk has all the advantages of a frame house: low specific gravity, no shrinkage, but plus it has an original appearance. However, the aesthetic appeal has a downside: the development of an individual project in this style is more expensive than for the traditional "framework".

Frame houses with DOK

The use of a double volumetric frame eliminates cold bridges, allows you to build warm houses for year-round living up to 5 floors high. Vertical racks are offset in a checkerboard pattern. The insulation is laid in two layers, completely eliminating the gaps.

DOK - a frame of increased strength, allows you to increase the load on the floors. Technology makes it possible to design houses of complex configuration.

Frame house construction

Building a house using frame technology is in many ways similar to assembling a designer. What is included in this "constructor" and how to assemble it correctly?

The main components of the frame house

Its reliability and strength depend on how well the components of the frame house are calculated and executed. If the frame nodes comply with SNiP, then the house will withstand any snow and wind load, and will last for many years with proper operation. Nodes are divided into constructive and auxiliary.

Structural knots:

• harness fastenings;
• jib tie-in places;
• power elements of door and window openings;
• floor nodes;
• roof frame.

The frame house is assembled with nails, the strapping is attached to the foundation with anchors. At the junction of the lag, the corners between the walls, door and window openings, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technology, since it is not always possible to eliminate the shortcomings after construction is completed.

Building angle

The correct connection of the strapping elements and the fastening of the corner posts is important for ensuring strength and preventing cold bridges. For the lower strapping, a beam connected "in half a tree" is used. To fix the racks, jibs are installed. When installing vertical racks, be sure to check the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the angles.

Foundation

The technology of a frame house allows you to use - shallow tape or columnar. However, the choice of the type and arrangement of the foundation depends not only on the design of the house, but also on the climatic zone, groundwater level, freezing depth, topography, and soil type.

Heaving soils expand and swell when freezing, weak soils “shift” under strong pressure. Before starting construction, soil samples should be taken to find out if it can serve as the basis for the foundation. Loose soils strengthen or partially remove.

The construction of the foundation begins from the base - the site is leveled, cleared of sod, then trenches are dug or a cushion of rubble is prepared, depending on the soil.

Heaving soils are found in all regions of central Russia. The moisture in the soil freezes, the soil increases in volume and “pushes out” the supports. In this case, the foundation should be below the freezing level or located closer to the surface - a shallow type.

Another issue is seasonality. Concrete is poured at positive temperatures, but builders work in winter, and at this time customers are usually offered discounts. In order not to depend on the season, choose pile screw foundation. Hollow piles are screwed into the soil and the cavities are filled with concrete. The advantage of the method is that the air circulates freely in the basement, this protects the tree from decay.

If the choice fell on a pile-screw foundation, it is recommended to do a trial "screwing" in order to find out where the solid ground begins, at what depth to install the piles.

The slab foundation is reliable, but expensive, requiring more time, so it is not widely used.

Frame type: wood or metal

Traditionally, the frame is made of wood: timber 100x100 mm and edged board. If an attic floor is planned, then to increase the strength of the structure, the thickness of the beam increases.

The use of a frame made of galvanized non-corrosive metal thermal profile increases the life of the house. Perforations make the profile light, so the structure is lightweight, but the frame is not afraid of rotting and fires. The main difficulty in working with a thermal profile is sealing, if the construction rules are not followed, there will be unnecessary heat losses.

Roof and roofing materials

The roof structure is designed taking into account snow and wind loads, and the choice of roofing materials depends on the customer's budget, roof slope, and permissible load.

The main types of roofs:

• gable;
• hip;
• attic.

Popular roofing materials:

• asbestos-cement slate;
• Sheet steel;
• metal tile;
• ondulin (bituminous slate).

Advantages and disadvantages of frame technology

The technology of frame construction cannot be called ideal; it has not only advantages, but also negative sides.

Advantages of prefabricated houses

1. Construction time is the main and often decisive argument for the customer. After the foundation hardens, a simple project is assembled in two weeks. The construction of a large house with a complex architectural solution takes several months.
2. Materials used in frame construction: glued beams, boards, OSB boards, SIP panels, do not deform from changes in humidity. You can start cleaning right away.
3. Savings at all stages: lightweight foundation, low transportation costs, inexpensive materials and installation.
4. Use of shallow foundations.
5. Possibility of construction on difficult soils.
6. Modern heaters provide good thermal insulation and allow you to live in a frame house all year round.
7. All-season construction work.
8. It is allowed to lay communications in the cavities of the walls.

Disadvantages and weaknesses

1. The main disadvantage is a short service life, 50-80 years. However, any wooden building needs to be repaired; with proper care, the house will last longer.
2. Frame houses - low-rise. An exception is projects with a frame made of metal profiles. With a wooden frame, it is not recommended to make three floors, but the attic is quite acceptable.
3. Redevelopment in panel houses is impossible, but in frame-frame houses it depends on the project: some walls are removed if they are not load-bearing. But the question must be agreed with the authors of the project.
4. Low noise isolation.
5. If foam is used as insulation, the house may suffer from rodents.
6. Low fire safety is a relative disadvantage. There are heaters that are resistant to fire, for example, basalt wool. The wooden parts of the building are treated with protective compounds.

Video: how to build a frame house

In this video, all stages of building a house using frame technology are accelerated.

Frame houses according to German technology are distinguished primarily by the use of high-quality materials in the construction process that will last a long time. It is for this reason that this method of construction is becoming more common. What are the features of the construction of buildings using German technology and how the construction process itself takes place - we will understand further.

German frame house

The German building construction technology involves the construction of a frame house. To do this, you need a wooden frame and insulation panels that can withstand any frost.

One of the advantages of using German technology is the fact that the construction of the building takes several months. So, for example, to build a house of aerated concrete, with an area of ​​200 sq.m. and carry out its subsequent finishing, it will take at least 3 months. For the construction of a building erected in accordance with German technology, one and a half months will be enough, since the foundation is made for 10 days, and the rest of the work is associated with finishing.

Among the positive qualities of the construction of frame houses, it is necessary to highlight:

• Thermal insulation - provides good preservation of heat in the house. For this reason, it is necessary to spend several times less money on heating a building than on heating a brick building.
• Duration of operation - the minimum period of service of such a building is 50 years.
• Environmental friendliness - the house is made of materials that are safe for nature. For example, to insulate panels, it is enough to use ordinary wood shavings.
• Aesthetics - such a house is suitable for minimalists, because it does not contain unnecessary elements.
• It is easy and simple to operate - all rooms are thought out down to the details, the building is convenient to use at any time of the year.

If we talk about the cost of building a building according to German technology, in this case, it will take approximately 38 thousand euros to carry out work on arranging a house with an area of ​​60 sq.m. This factor is influenced by construction technology, which can be of 2 types:

• frame;
• aerated concrete.

In addition, facing materials vary in cost, their choice depends on the wishes of the owners and the characteristics of the building.

Characteristics of the German frame house

When erecting low-rise buildings, several methods for building frame houses are taken into account. The most popular methods of erecting frame buildings are Finnish and German, the main differences of which are the type of materials used, the method of erecting a frame structure and the quality of the work done.

For the construction of the frame, which is considered the main load-bearing structure of the building, rods made of wood or metal are used. It is because of them that the system is strong and reliable.

For the construction of a German frame building, a solid glued beam is used, from which the frame is made. In the production of such a beam, specialized pre-dried pine needles are used. Only conifers are less susceptible to rotting and drying out, since they contain a large amount of resin.

Construction technology of the building frame

Frame house according to German technology - construction technology

The most popular type of frame construction is considered to be pre-wired walls, installation of load-bearing racks, beams and struts. In addition, additional components are installed - racks and supports, between which openings are made for doors and windows.

To fill the interframe space, a heater is used, the main property of which is not susceptibility to decay and deformation. For this reason, basalt rock wool or polystyrene foam boards are considered the best type of insulation.

After that, the frame is upholstered on both sides with oriented strand boards. For their production, compressed wood chips, resins and an antifungal agent are used. The option of upholstery with cement chipboards is possible. The internal part of the structure is protected by the use of a water and vapor barrier membrane that allows moisture and steam to pass only outside, as a result, without exception, all wooden structural elements do not get wet.

The fine finishing work that follows includes wall cladding with gypsum boards, and for processing rooms with a high degree of humidity, another additional waterproofing layer will be needed.

This construction technique is the best option when constructing buildings in a short time. With its help, not only low-rise buildings are being built, but also office, warehouse and industrial buildings. For their construction, materials are used that are more durable than those used in the construction of a residential building.

Let's look at the main advantages of frame-type building construction technology in comparison with other construction methods:

1. Small width of the walls, which can provide a high degree of thermal insulation. The heat-insulating material that is used in the construction of walls has a very low thermal conductivity in comparison with brickwork or a concrete slab. For this reason, for example, when using stone wool, it is enough to install a layer 15 cm thick. In this case, the thickness of the entire wall will be 25 cm. This is enough to keep the house warm and comfortable even in severe frosts.
2. The high bearing capacity of the walls and the low mass of the structure itself. It is thanks to these qualities that you will not need to make a very powerful and expensive foundation to build a house. Thus, it turns out to save money on its breeding. Due to the significant load-bearing capacity of the walls, a large selection of roofing options opens up, since almost any material can be used.
3. The ability to build a building of any shape and configuration. This construction technique can bring to life all sorts of ideas of architects, designers and building owners. In addition, there is the possibility of arranging additional outbuildings located near the building.
4. Building construction speed is high. The implementation of absolutely all construction works takes no more than 2 months. Buildings built according to German technology are based on the SKD assembly of panels, they are prepared in advance by the manufacturer, and all that remains is to combine them on the spot by 4-5 workers. Without exception, all elements made at the factory are of high quality, for this reason there is almost no risk of making mistakes in the process of connecting elements.
5. It is possible to carry out construction work all year round. Buildings can be erected both in summer and in winter.

The construction of frame-panel houses according to German technology involves the creation of fireproof structures belonging to the 4th category of fire resistance.