In Moscow, the 1-515 / 5 panel houses are absolutely in all areas, the construction of which was carried out at the end of the 1950s in the 1960s. According to the prevalence in Moscow, it ranks 1st in among all periods (more than 5,000 million m²).
Most of the houses are 1-515 / 5 series built in the following areas: Textiles, Kuzminki, Tsaritsyno, Cheryomushki, Perovo. Also, this series is massively built in the areas of Khoroshevo-Mpberry, Hovrino, Ostankino, Izmailovo, Sokolina Mountain, Novogireevo, Veshniki, Schukino, North Tushino, Bogorodskoye, Metrogodok, Goljanovo, Nagatino, Zyuzino, Belyaevo, Vernadsky Avenue, Matveevskoe, Kuntsevo. A pair of houses is built within the Garden Ring (Zamoskvorechye, Prechistenka).
In the Moscow region of the house 1-515 / 5 were built in cities: prominent, Odintsovo, Krasnogorsk, Khimki, Solnechnogorsk, Dolgoprudny, Lobnya, Mytishchi, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Balashikha, Railway.
Also at home 1-515 / 5 projects are built in the Tver, Novgorod, Kaluga regions.
In isolated cases, panel houses of the 1-515 / 5 series are used for hostels.
Since 1966, the construction of houses of 9-storey modifications of the series 1-515 were started: and. A 12-storey modification of the 1-515 series was also developed, but it did not go into production.
Series 1-515 / 5 Formally, the list of demolished series is not included, there are cases of demolition during the complex reconstruction of the quarters in a number of prestigious areas, as well as in districts where the homes of the serials of the submitted first were a bit (YUAO). In several houses a reservation (overhaul) was held. The prospect of the mass demolition in the future (after 2014, following the demolitions, first of all, the series - ,,) is possible. There is a realized standard reconstruction project with an add-on to 7 floors and an extension of the elevator node.
In the late 1970s-mid-1980s. In Moscow, several houses of the 1-515 / 5 series were demolished, cracked after laying a small-scale metro line, as well as due to the formation of karst emptiness.
Detailed features of the series
| Passages | Moscow: from 4 Regions: from 2 |
| Floors | 5 First floor residential |
| Ceiling height | 2.48 m. |
| Lifts | not |
| Balconies | In all apartments starting the 2nd floor |
| Apartments on the floor | 4 |
| Years of construction | Moscow: 1957-1973 Regions: 1959-1976 |
| Built houses | 2051 |
| Square of apartments | 1-bedroom apartment Total: 30.4-32 m², living: 17-20.4 m², kitchen: 5.2-5.5 m² 2-bedroom apartment Total: 40-45.6 m², living: 27-34 m², kitchen: 5.5-6 m² 3-room apartment Total: 54-58.3 m², living: 37-42.6 m², kitchen: 5.3-6.8 m² |
| Bathrooms | Split (in end 1-room apartments - combined), baths: standard |
| Stairs | Without a common fire balcony, the width of the staircase - 240 cm. |
| Garbage chute | not |
| Ventilation | Natural exhaust, blocks in kitchens and bathrooms |
| Walls and overlaps | Slag-collecting concrete panels with a thickness of 40 cm. The inner central longitudinal wall can be both panel and brick, its thickness - 27-39 cm. The thickness of the transverse bearing wall panels is 18 cm. Interior partitions - single-layer reinforced concrete panels 8 cm thick. The intercommonde undesupply partitions are the same, in 2 layers with an air layer (the total thickness - 20 cm). Overlapping - reinforced concrete plates with a thickness of 22 cm. |
| Bearing walls | Longitudinal outdoor, central longitudinal intercardic. Stiffness diaphragms are transverse: end and some escarpets and walls of staircases. |
| Colors and cladding | The most common white is sometimes yellow, pale blue or light beige. Currently, the houses of the series 1-515 / 5 are painted in arbitrary colors. Facing a shallow stone crumb (single houses), shallow square tiles (in the Moscow region) Plaster - only during the reservation. |
| Type of roof | Flat with a small double-coal bias, in late houses - flat with an enlarged attic. Coating - rolled waterproofing. |
| Dignity | The ability to break through the openings in interior partitions, separate bathrooms in 2- and 3-room apartments (sometimes in 1-room apartments). |
| disadvantages | Freezing of end walls, entrance to the kitchen through a room in 1-room apartments of some houses |
| Manufacturer | Zhussian Plant №2 (Currently called the Combine of Reinforced concrete structures No. 2, is included in the Glavstroy Corporation) |
| Designer | MITEP (now MNIITP - Moscow Research Institute of Tyology and Experimental Design) |
In the 50s of the last century, a series of five-story panels was developed 1-515 / 5 (another name - I-515/5), which was actively built on many areas of the capital, the city of Moscow region and a number of other cities of Russia. Later, 9- and 12-storey versions of this series were erected. In 70-80, several residential buildings of this series were demolished due to the formation of cracks in them arising from the laying of the subway lines and the formation of karst voids.
The issue of demolition "Khrushchevok" 1-515 / 5 was repeatedly discussed by the authorities and caused a lot of disputes. As a result, the decision on the demolition was still accepted only on individual houses, based on the degree of their wear and technical condition, and some of their series buildings are reconstructed, including with the construction of superts in several levels above the upper floors, elevator installation. Although in the near future it is possible to introduce a series of 1-515 / 5 to the next list of houses to be demolished.
Some facades of the 1-515 / 5 series are faced with small-sized ceramic tiles, but most of them did not have any facing and was shuffled only during the reservation. Buildings can be distinguished by two rows of windows on the end walls.
Constructive features of the series and finishing of facades
The foundation of houses is the ZB-blocks that were mounted with "spaces" filled with sandy backfill. This provided it with an additional degree of strength. In the series of the series, there is a technique, the walls of which are made of durable ceramzite-concrete panels (40 cm). Similar panels were used in the construction of outer walls, and the inter-storey LB-plates of the multi-profile type had a thickness of 22 cm. To fill the vertical outer seams, a ceramzite concrete was used. Emergency walls are made of two layers of panels with an air layer between them, which provides good sound insulation. The inner walls could be different types - brick, panel or block (from 27 to 40 cm). For bathrooms used gypsum-concrete rolling walls.
Longitudinal panels are made by supporting walls on the project, and the transverse rigidity of the structure is achieved due to the walls of the staircase, as well as the end and intercreational walls. Balconies are made of prefabricated zhb-slabs, and their screens are from the Aceid.
Features of apartment planners
Sections of the houses series four-quarters, residential premises in the "doubles" isolated, and one pair of rooms is designed in "Tryshka" by type "adjacent". There are cases when buildings 1-515 / 5 were used as premises for hostels. The minimum of bearing walls implies ample opportunities for redevelopment in the 1-515 / 5 houses. The characteristic feature of the project was that the batteries of the heating system were "drowning" into interroom wall panels. Kitchen plates in apartments - gas, native ventilation blocks are located only in the bathrooms.
Specifications
|
Parameter |
Value |
|---|---|
| Alternative name: |
I-515/5 |
| Construction regions: |
Moscow: Textiles, Kuzminki, Tsaritsyno, Cheryomushki, Perovo, Shchukino, Hovrino, Ostankino, Bogorodskoye, Metrogodok, Goljanovo, Izmailovo, Novogireevo, Nagatino, Zyuzino, Belyaevo, Kuntsevo; Moscow region: Vidnoe, Odintsovo, Krasnogorsk, Khimki, Solnechnogorsk, Mytishchi, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Balashikha, and so on.; Other cities: Tverskaya, Novgorod, Kaluga region |
| Construction technology: |
panel |
| Under the construction period: | Khrushchevka |
| Year of construction: | From 1957 to 1973 (in the regions - from 1959 to 1976) |
| Movement Perspective: | Formally, the list of demolished series is not included, but individual houses were carried out by the prospect of mass demolition in the future possible |
| Number of sections / entrances: | from 4. |
| Number of floors: |
5 |
| Ceiling height: |
2.48 M. |
| Balconies / Loggia: |
In all apartments since the 2nd floor |
| Bathrooms: |
Separate, only in end 1-bedroom apartments - combined, baths: standard. |
| Stairs: |
Two-day, from zhb-marches and sites, without a common fire balcony, the width of the staircase - 240 cm. |
| Garbage chute: |
not |
| Elevators: |
not |
| Number of apartments on the floor: |
4 |
| Apartment Square: |
Total / residential / kitchen 1-room apartment 31-32/17-20/5-5,5 2-bedroom apartment 40-45/27-34/5-6 3-room apartment 54-58/37-43/5,3-7 |
| Ventilation: |
Natural exhaust with exhaust block in bathroom |
| Walls and cladding: |
Outdoor - from the ceramzite concrete panels of the brand 150 with a thickness of 40 cm; Internal - panel, brick or block thickness - 27-40 cm; Pyergorodky - Rolling gypsum panels. Inter-storey overlap - Zhb-slabs Multipurpose thickness 22 cm. Facades Lined with fine-sized ceramic tiles. Shuffled and painted in arbitrary colors during the reservation |
| Roof type: |
Drainwater exterior with rainwater discharge at the ground level |
| Manufacturer: |
Zhussian Plant №2. |
| Designers: |
MNIITP (Moscow Research Institute of Tyology and Experimental Design) |
| Advantages: |
Many redevelopment opportunities, separate bathrooms in almost all apartments |
| Disadvantages: |
Freezing of end walls, entrance to the kitchen through the room in some one-bedroom apartments |
Building houses 1-515 / 9m has been carried out in the period from 1957 to 1976. Externally, nine-story is similar to its ancestral five-story building 1-515 / 5. The apartment presents 2, 3, 4-room apartments. 2-bedroom and 3-bedrooms are presented by several types: 2-room - 43 and 46 sq.m., 3-room - 50, 53 and 58 sq.m.
The house uses longitudinal capital walls, as can be seen from the name (first figure 1 in the title of the house). The meridional model 1-515 / 9m at some point ceased to be used in construction, since the model 1-515 / 9Ш was ousted.
3-room and 4-room apartments have a different layout in end and ordinary sections. The apartments can go to one straight or two at once. Little three-room rooms are equipped with a large balcony for 2 rooms, and two-bedroom apartments and large three-bedrooms have a small balcony. The house provides only one passenger elevator. In appearance and planning of apartments, the building is like.
Description of the house
| Planning solution: | Multisective panel residential building with ordinary and end sections. In the house 2, 3, 4 bedroom apartments. |
| Floors: | 9 |
| Residential height: | 2.64 M. |
| Technical buildings: | Technically for the placement of engineering communications. Passenger lifts with a carrying capacity of up to 400 kg. |
| Building construction: | Outdoor walls - ceramzite-concrete panels (400 mm). Internal - concrete panels (270 mm). Partitions - Gypsum concrete panels (80 mm). Overlap - reinforced concrete multi-retained panels (220 mm). |
| Heating: | Central, water. |
| Ventilation: | Natural exhaust through ventilation blocks in the bathroom and toilet. |
| Water supply: | Cold, hot water from the city network, possibly AGB. |
| Garbage: | Gearing with a loading valve on an inter-storey landing. |
| Additional information: | In the homes of this series, one-room apartments are not provided, but several types of two-room and three-room types are presented, as well as in small quantities - four-room. The layout of three- and four-room apartments in the end and ordinary sections are different: windows overlook or one or two sides. In two-bedroom and largest three-room balconies are small, and in smaller three-bedroom, the balcony is located along two rooms. |
The nine-story panel houses of the 1-515 / 9 series came to shift Khrushchev five-strokes 1-515 / 5. There are two main variants of the series - latitudinal (1-515 / 9 w) and meridional (1-515 / 9 m). They differ in the orientation on the sides of the world: to the East-West (W) or North-South (m).
In Moscow, 1-515 / 9 series has gained widespread. The main building was carried out from 1957 to 1976. The houses of the series 1-515 / 9 were built in areas: Zelenograd, Northern and South Tushino, Mozhaisky, Voobkovsky, Golovinsky, Solntsevo, Schukino, Kuntsevo, Chertanovo, Ryazan, Konkovo, Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo, Kapotnya, Dmitrovsky, Beskidnikovsky, good-mpniki, Goliano, Vykhino-Zhulebino, Ivanovo, Nagatino-Gardeners.
In the Moscow region of the house 1-515 / 9 projects were built in cities: Likino-Dulevo, Solnechnogorsk, Podolsk, Dzerzhinsky, Railway, Troitsk.
According to the appearance of the house of this series, a widespread series of five-story buildings 1-515 / 5 is similar.
In the series 1-515 / 9 m, experimented with 2 and 3-room apartments, which are represented by several different types. One-bedroom apartments are missing, while there is a small number of 4-room apartments.
In the series 1-515 / 9 w, 4-room apartments removed, but added one-room. The bathroom can be both separate and combined. All rooms in the apartments of the 1-515 / 9 w homes are isolated, and in 2-bedroom apartments there is a built-in wardrobe. Kitchens in 3-bedroom apartments were increased to 8 m², and the corridor became much more spacious.
The layout of three- and four-room apartments in the end and ordinary sections are different: windows overlook or one or two sides. In two-bedroom and largest three-room balconies are small, and in smaller three-bedroom, the balcony is located along two rooms.
The list of the demolished series of houses 1-511 / 9 is not included. Selective sanitation (overhaul) is performed, with the replacement of communications and the external facing of buildings.
Detailed features of the series
| Passages | 4 |
| Floors | Moscow: 9. Moscow region: 9 Sometimes 5. First floor residential |
| Ceiling height | 2.64 m. |
| Lifts | passenger 400 kg. |
| Balconies | In all apartments starting the 2nd floor |
| Apartments on the floor | 4 |
| Years of construction | 1-515 / 9m: 1957-1976 1-515 / 9sh: 1966-1984 |
| Built houses | - |
| Square of apartments | 2-room apartment Total: 45-47 m², Living: 30-31 m², Kitchen: 6.1m² 2-room apartment Total: 51-57 m², living: 34-39 m², kitchen: 6.1-6.2 m² 3-room apartment total: 64-65 m², living: 44-45 m², kitchen: 6.1 m² |
| Bathrooms | separate, Baths Standard 170 cm |
| Stairs | Without a common fire balcony, the width of the staircase is 240 cm. |
| Garbage chute | With a loading valve on an intestine landing |
| Ventilation | Natural exhaust, blocks in the kitchen and in the bathroom |
| Walls and overlaps | The outer walls are three-layer ceramzite-concrete panels with a thickness of 30 cm. Internal - gypsum concrete 16 cm thick. Partitions - Gypsum concrete, thickness 12 cm. Overlap - reinforced concrete thickness 14 cm. |
| Bearing walls | Bearing walls are all intercountry. |
| Colors and cladding | Colors: White (most common), pale blue, light beige. Facing shallow square tiles. Plaster - only during the reservation (overhaul). |
| Type of roof | Flat with a small twinkal bias. Technical Communication Technical Communications |
| Dignity | Ability to create openings in interroom partitions, separate bathrooms |
| disadvantages | Small kitchens in all apartments, lack of cargo elevator |
| Manufacturer | Zhussian Plant №2 (Currently called the Combine of Reinforced concrete structures No. 2, is included in the Glavstroy Corporation) |
| Designer | NIITEP (Moscow Research Institute of Typology and Experimental Design) |
The fifth-storey demolition program is planned to start with houses of the I-510 and I-515 series, RBC told in the Moscow City Duma and Prefectures. In the districts make up the addresses of Khrushchev, which can get into the first lists of demolition
I-515/5 series house (Photo: Dmitry Unimpical / Lori)
Series under demolition
The demolition of five-story buildings is planned to start with the houses of the I-510 and I-515 series, RBC Deputy Challenge of the Commission of the Moscow City Duma on the urban planning of Oleg Soroka and confirmed the prefects of the Western and Northeast Districts of the capital.
"These are five-story buildings built in the late 1950s - early 1960s, which do not comply with any modern requirements and regulations. They are the first to be discussed under demolition, "said forty in a conversation with RBC. According to him, in such houses it is impossible to build the household counters of hot and cold water, no elevator and garbage disposal, roofs occur. Communications are closed in the walls, adjacent apartments have common risers for bathrooms.
"Today, the main series, which go to priority, - 515, 511, 510," said Prefect CJSC Alexey Alexandrov at a meeting with the inhabitants of March 22, attended by RBC correspondent. About five-story buildings I-510 and I-515 said In mid-March, at the reception of residents and prefect, Valery Vinogradov. According to the official, it is impossible to repair such houses without cutting area.
The press service of the city planning policy of Moscow insist that the "demolition" series will not be in the new program. "Renovation is planned in the quarter mode and will fully depend on the desire of the inhabitants. If Muscovites from a particular quarter will not want to join the Renovation program, then no one will resettle them and make them at home no matter what kind of series they are, "RBC said in the department.
Houses near highways
The I-510 series has been built in Moscow from 1957 to 1969. Peak construction fell at the beginning of the 1960s. Apartments have from one to three rooms, on the ends - balconies. There are no elevators and garbage chutes in the houses, the height of the ceilings - up to 2.7 m. About 1000 such five-story buildings remained in Moscow, including in the Don, Meshchansky districts, textiles.
The five-story buildings of the I-515/5 series were also designed in the 1950s. The height of the ceilings in them is 2.5 m, the batteries are hidden into interior partitions, there are no garbage chutes. The floors between the floors were mounted from the plates, the stairs are made of reinforced concrete sites and marches with overhead. In Moscow less than 2 thousand such buildings, including in Presnensky district, Zamoskvorechye, Konkovo.
I-510 series at home (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)
I-511 - Brick houses with a height of five floors and below, with hard-concrete floors and ceilings with a height of less than 2.5 m. In some Khrushchev gas speakers. Houses of the 511st series remained in Moscow about 900, including in areas Basmannaya and Sokolina Mountain.
Video: RBC
The priority houses under demolition can get the five-story buildings located next to the major highways, said Alexandrov. These are five houses near North-Western chords (on Bozhenko Street in Kuntsevo), which are a single quarter, and two houses on Alexey Sviridov Street next to the Northern Doubles of Kutuzovsky Avenue. A house can also be included in the priority list, from where requests for relocation, for example, the dilapidated houses on Novozavodskaya Street, said Alexandrov. Many appeals come along the five-story stores on Marshal Zhukov Avenue and the quarters of 79-81 in good-poinniki, said forty.
Now in the districts is the search for starting sites for the construction of the first houses for wave resettlement. They may appear, for example, in the area of \u200b\u200bSolntsevo between the Aviator Street and Novoprederkino station. "In Solntsevo, there is a hop, where to relocate, you can start there," said Alexandrov at a meeting with the inhabitants. The official said RBC that the platforms for wave resettlement are looking for in every area.
In the VAO Prefecture, RBC told that starting platforms may appear on the territory of the former Promon. Justa Alexei Chelyshev Prefect said that the proposals from Moskomarchitecture and the district authorities are now being discussed.
Initiative groups
Deputy Moscow City Duma from the Communist Party Andrei Klychkov told RBC that now in the south-eastern district, initiative groups of residents and municipal deputies are being created, who are afraid that point development will come to their districts. "Vykhino is built up with five-story buildings. In Zhulebino, there are almost no of them for the Moscow Ring Road, there are territories of the natural complex, and residents are afraid that their quarters will be built up. It is problematic to find free areas for starting houses and not to call it a point building, "says the fangs.
According to him, first of all, it is necessary to demolish the houses of the pre-war construction with wooden floors. At the same time, if you take the amount of contributions for the overhaul, which the inhabitants of all five-story buildings will be paid in Moscow from 2015 to 2018, then it will be 12 billion rubles, it is enough for demolition only 30 houses, a deputy is sure.
In total, 8 thousand five-story buildings with a total area of \u200b\u200b25 million square meters are planning to demolish in Moscow. m, in which they live. Only for the settlement of residents of Khrushchev will need to build 35 million square meters. m. Taking into account the apartments that developers will be put up for sale, the area of \u200b\u200bnew construction can be three times more. Most of the five-story housing is located in the Eastern District - more than 5.7 million square meters. m.
According to the first program of resettlement adopted in 1999, almost 1.7 thousand Khrushchev was demolished.
