Visual inspection and examination of buildings and structures. Visual inspection of the load-bearing and enclosing structures of a residential building for their technical condition

A visual inspection of buildings is an inspection of structures, walls, utilities to detect defects and damage. The procedure includes measurements, descriptions, sketches, photographs of damaged areas, drawing up diagrams and statements indicating the nature of the defects in these areas.

Inspection is necessary for the timely detection of defects, in preparing the structure for restoration or repair. Also, the building lends itself to the survey when it is required to make a decision to buy or rent.

Inspection of the building is carried out using measuring equipment. Binoculars, cameras, tape measures, calipers, probes can be used.

Regulations

Inspection of buildings is carried out only by a company with a license to carry out such activities.

Verification is carried out on the basis of the following documents:

• "Buildings and constructions. Examination rules ... ". GOST 31937-2011;
• "Rules for the inspection of load-bearing construction...". SP 13-102-2003.

Reason for initiating research

A visual inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in order to analyze the technical condition of the building or some part of it. Appearance evaluation allows you to determine whether a detailed inspection is necessary.

You need to order a service in order to outline the scope of repair and construction work before acquiring or renting an unfinished object.

What is required from the customer?

The service is provided after the presentation by the customer:

terms of reference or a brief description of the problem;

source documentation related to the problematic object.

The results of previous checks will also be required; papers confirming access to the object that is subject to verification. In addition, it is necessary to confirm that the conditions have been created on the site for a visual inspection of the structure.

What work is being done?

During the visual inspection of objects, all source (design) materials are analyzed, taking into account the results of the procedure carried out earlier.

The preliminary part includes the following research methods:

• detailing the structural plan of the building;
• general inspection, the purpose of which is to identify damage and flaws in the outer part of the building;
• photography of the discovered flaws;
• identification of emergency zones.

Documents to be provided upon completion of the procedure

Before starting to find out the reasons for the formation of flaws in the structure, and developing recommendations for their elimination, the expert draws up an inventory of defects, as well as a plan for their location.

Then the specialist who carried out the check makes an estimate of the repair and construction work to eliminate the detected flaws. At the last stage, a technical report on the state of the building is created.

You can order an inspection of the building in Moscow in our company. We guarantee our customers affordable prices, a high level of service, an objective assessment. If you have any questions, please call the given number!

Contact the managers of our test center and order an inspection of the external stairs and railings. We will promptly provide all services and issue supporting documentation. We work in Moscow and Moscow region.

Inspection of buildings and structures is a complex of engineering works to assess their technical condition (bearing structures, hull, foundation soils, bearing capacity). A comprehensive survey of buildings and structures, unlike the previous type (according to GOST 31937-2011, there is a simple and a comprehensive survey) also includes determining the technical condition of internal engineering systems / equipment and determining the thermal and acoustic properties of structures.

Inspection of structures of buildings and structures is carried out using modern technologies:

• laboratory for testing building structures and foundation soils;
• non-destructive and destructive control;
• photographic fixation of defects;
• external inspection.

When is an examination necessary?

• Before reconstruction, overhaul, modernization;
• before commissioning;
• to control the quality of work performed;
• in the event of a dispute between the customer and the contractor;
• in order to assess damage caused by natural disaster, fire, improper operation, design errors;
• in case of defects and damages in structures;
• when buying and selling;
• in order to restore design and executive documentation;
• to clarify the cost of work performed and building materials;
• when restoring lost design and executive documentation;
• to identify deviations from the design and estimate documentation.

Survey frequency

The frequency is established by GOST R 53778-2010 and GOST 31937-2011. The first survey of a new serviceable object must be carried out no later than two years after commissioning, subsequent ones at least once every 10 years under favorable operating conditions and once every 5 years under unfavorable ones. If cracks, kinks and deformations of the structure are detected, immediate research is required to avoid an accident.

The validity period of a building survey depends on which condition category it was assigned to and how high the need for re-inspection is in the near future. According to document RD 22-01.97, the maximum period of validity of research results is 5 years.

Stages

Technical inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in 4 stages:

• preparatory work;
• visual inspection - assessment by external signs;
• detailed examination - assessment based on instrumental analysis;
• office data processing - preparation of documentation, development of recommendations.

Preparatory work

All preparatory work can be divided into 4 stages:

• acquaintance with the object;
• work with the archive;
• analysis of design and technical documentation;
• development of a program for future action.

Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the following types of documents:

• design and executive documentation for the design and construction of a building (structure);
• operating documentation;
• documentation of repairs and reconstructions that have taken place;
• reports from previous audits.

Project documentation allows you to establish:

• developer and year of development;
• constructive scheme and geometric dimensions of the object;
• assembly diagrams of prefabricated elements;
• calculation schemes;
• design loads and characteristics of all components (stone, concrete, reinforcement, etc.).

The following information can be found in the technical documentation:

• terms of Use;
• engineering-geological operating conditions;
• data on deviations from the project;
• indicators of design loads and their impacts according to PD;
• equipment locations.

In addition to these documents, the following are studied:

• acts of acceptance of work;
• acts on hidden works;
• passports for prefabricated elements and materials;
• building passport;
• work log;
• documents on the carried out repairs and reconstructions.

Based on the results of acquaintance with the object and work with the archive and documents, a program for the technical examination of the object is drawn up, which includes all stages of the external and internal visual and instrumental examination of the building.

Visual inspection

Visual inspection of buildings and structures is the process of inspecting the technical condition of buildings without the use of tools and carrying out verification calculations. The main purpose of the study is to identify deviations from the project documentation and the need for a detailed study.

Conducting a technical inspection of buildings includes:

• providing access to structures (scaffolds, fixtures, technological platforms, overhead crane), turning off the power supply and providing heating if necessary;
• visual inspection and fixation of defects;
• measurements of the dimensions of buildings and structures;
• determination of the state of soils and structures by external signs;
• drawing up a map of damages and defects by applying them to facade schemes and plans;
• drawing up a defective statement in the form of a table indicating methods for eliminating the identified damage;
• photofixation of damage;
• drawing up a conclusion.

Based on the initial examination, if necessary, a detailed examination program is drawn up.

Detailed examination

A detailed survey is an assessment of the technical condition of the building based on instrumental and laboratory tests and calculations. The survey of buildings ends with the writing of recommendations for correcting damage and further safe operation.

Building surveys include the following steps:

• measuring work with the preparation of floor plans, facades, sections;
• opening of reinforced concrete structures - determination of the quantity, class, diameter of reinforcement, depth of concrete carbonization, etc.;
• opening the roof and floor, determining the condition and degree of load of the coating on the floors;
• opening and evaluation of individual units of building structures;
• excavation of pits for the foundation, taking soil samples;
• instrumental inspection of buildings - the use of shock-pulse, ultrasonic method, rib chipping method;
• determination of the strength characteristics of metal structures (sampling for laboratories, sampling chips for chemical analysis);
• identification of places of heat leaks using thermal imaging survey;
• drawing up the actual design scheme, carrying out verification calculations;
• drawing up a map of defects and damages;
• drawing up a defective statement;
• drawing up a technical report.

Cameral verification calculations

Office verification calculations include:

• assessment of the technical condition;
• data analysis and processing;
• development of an engineering solution;
• preparing and issuing a report.

Office calculations include verification statistical calculations of building structures using software systems and thermal engineering calculations of enclosing structures.

Technical conclusion

The result of the study is an act of inspection of the building or a technical report. The first option is used when a small volume or part of the structure is examined, the second is used for a deep study.

The technical conclusion for the inspection of the building contains a text and a graphic part.

The text part includes:

• description of the object;
• results on foundations and soils;
• data on walls and partitions;
• information on columns and pillars;
• coverage and roofing results;
• conclusions;
• recommendations.

The documentation contains detailed descriptions of identified defects and damages, shortcomings, descriptions of materials, calculation results, strength characteristics, etc.

Graphic conclusion on the survey:

• results of measurement works (drawings, facades, units);
• maps of defects and damages;
• list of defects and damages;
• verification calculations;
• instrumental tests;
• ultrasonic control;
• results of geophysical studies of foundations and buried structures;
• results of laboratory researches.

The conclusion is the main document on the basis of which conclusions are drawn on further interaction with the building / structure. Subsequently, it is submitted for peer review and accepted for work.

Visual inspection of buildings and structures allows to give a preliminary assessment of their technical condition. Simple actions without the use of sophisticated equipment often reveal structural defects that can lead to the destruction of the object.

Importance of visual inspection

An unprepared customer often perceives an inspection of an object with the naked eye as something useless. He has more confidence in a specialist with a device in his hands. Meanwhile, visual inspection has a number of important advantages:

• during its implementation, the object is examined completely, and not selectively, as is done with instrumental research;
• only with its help it is possible to detect areas subject to instrumental research, and the scope of this type of work;
• the emergency state of structures is determined by the presence of cracks, defrosting of masonry and other defects without the use of expensive equipment - for this, the eyes of an experienced specialist are enough;
• the purpose of the technical survey is to determine the category of technical condition.

Often the purpose of the work is to assess the category of technical condition of structures. Appropriate conclusions can be drawn based on the results of a visual examination. Neither complex calculations nor instrumental control will be needed in this case.

Procedure

The quality of the visual examination depends on strict adherence to the sequence of operations. First, a total inspection of the object is carried out, and a list is compiled

1. A complete inspection of the object is carried out. All defects that fall into the field of view are listed.
2. The first results are analyzed: the degree of significance of defects is assessed, the causes of formation are determined, the structures on which they are found are noted.
3. The technology for fixing defects is selected - element by element, floor by floor, end-to-end or other numbering system, using symbols, etc.
4. A sub-framework for damage and defect maps is being developed.
5. Defective maps are made
6. In parallel, damaged areas are photographed.
7. With the help of tools, the parameters of defects are measured (corrosion depth, crack opening width, etc.).
8. Conduct geodetic measurements of changes in shape (deformation) of building structures.
9. Defective statements and maps are issued.

A map of defects is drawn up separately for each type of structure: floors, walls, roofs, which allows a more detailed assessment of the volume and the need for a detailed examination of each structure.

Survey results

After processing the received data, the customer is issued a conclusion, which reflects the technical condition of the object as a whole and its individual building elements. In addition, the document contains recommendations on:

• the possibility of further operation and the conditions under which it remains safe;
• the need for a detailed survey and its methods, indicating the places subject to it;
• priority measures to ensure the continued use of the facility

If additional research is not required, the conclusion of the visual inspection is considered final.

Building survey- this is a specific list of operations, the purpose of which is to check the condition and defects of both the buildings themselves and any of its structural elements.

There are several main objectives of the survey:

1. Inspection and research before putting buildings into operation;

The main task is to check the compliance of the constructed building with the design documentation, as well as to identify violations.

1. Checking and researching buildings that have already been built.

Determination of the depreciation of the building, the possible supporting structure of the building elements, the removal of parameters for the reconstruction of the building. Scheduled and unscheduled inspections.

1. Various laboratory tests of structural elements;

There are basic requirements for buildings and structures that must not be violated:

1. All buildings and structures must be strong and stable.
2. Lagging behind the building cracks and damage.

All other deviations from the normal state of objects should be investigated by trained engineers, with experience in relevant objects, with specialized equipment available.

Any survey consists of several elements:

1. Primary. Study of project documentation, familiarization with the repair work carried out.

In this case, it is possible to determine the weak areas of the design schemes, as well as the places of maximum load and the theoretical degree of wear.

1. Visual inspection. The engineer studies the compliance of the object with the working documentation, searches for defects, draws up a plan for a more detailed examination. All surveys are carried out by non-destructive methods.

Important. Non-destructive methods - any types of surveys that do not require direct decommissioning of operating facilities, without physical sampling of materials.

The visual inspection includes:

• Performing measurements of the property and subsequent production.
• Drawing up a list of defects with photo fixation.
• Assessment of the reliability of building elements.

Upon completion of the visual inspection, the customer is provided with

• List of defects, with a description of their nature, location on the diagrams;
• Photo fixation with the class and characteristics of defects;
• Description of possible deformations of the building or its individual elements (deflections, rolls, bulges, distortions, faults, etc.);
• Identification of emergency sites;
• Updating and diagrams of sections of the building;
• Determination of load-bearing walls and structures with the location on the drawings;
• Preliminary analysis of the state of load-bearing structures, engineering networks;
• Recommendations, estimates to eliminate identified deviations;

1. Complete Analysis with testing of structural elements and the development of possible ways to solve the tasks.

Determination of the design features of a part of the building, assessment of the technical condition of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building to calculate the loads on the floor floors. Structural elements are subject to technical inspection: foundations, ceilings, walls.

Scope of services in case of full technical inspection:

1. The list of works during the examination of soils of the base and foundations with
2. digging 4 pits on the building:
3. Analysis of the engineering and geological conditions of the site (land plot under the building);
4. Execution of research pits to clarify the parameters
5. foundation;
6. Selection of soil samples from under the soles of the foundation to clarify the properties
7. soils;
8. Performing laboratory studies of foundation soils.
9. Foundation material testing;
10. Dynamic sounding to a certain depth (depending on the size and height of the building);
11. Performing verification calculations to determine the design resistance, ultimate pressure on the ground.
12. Inspection of the technical condition of engineering networks.
13. Installation of deformation marks on the main structures of the building. (average 20 pieces)
14. Installation of geodetic marks
15. Leveling II class (settlement of buildings) (depends on the number of corners of the building)

The list of works during visual and instrumental examination of the above-ground part of the building:

1. Inspection of the technical condition of the building.
2. Inspection of building structures with a sketch of defects and damage, photographic fixation of defects and drawing up a defective statement;
3. Determination of the strength of walls by non-destructive methods;
4. Carrying out openings of floors to clarify its composition and
5. determination of bearing capacity.
6. Sampling from structures for mycological studies - the number of samples for the laboratory is specified based on the results of autopsies.
7. Measurement work required for the survey
8. Analysis of archival materials.
9. Necessary calculations of load-bearing structures (floors, walls).
10. Determination of the building category according to the technical condition of structures according to TSN 50-302-204, GOST R53778-2010.

Sample estimate for a building survey

The estimate is made in prices for the III quarter of 2015. Prices are given for 100 m3 of the building.

The estimate was compiled on the basis of the Directory of basic prices for measuring work and inspection of buildings and structures, SE "Tsentrinvestproekt", M., 1998.

The total volume of the building is 74,940 sq. m.

Sample terms of reference(for drafting tender documentation):

In case of visual inspection:

Option 1

Technical task

1. Place, conditions and terms of work performance

1.1. Place of work: __________________________

1.2. Turnaround time: __________________________

1.3. The contractor is obliged to perform a visual inspection of the main load-bearing structures of the building with photo fixation, drawing up a report with conclusions and recommendations, developing statements and diagrams of defects in a non-residential building at the address: st. Millionnaya d.30 lit.A.

1.4. The main technical and economic indicators of the examined building:

Year of construction - _____, year cap. repair - _____

Total area - ____

Purpose - __________________

2. Requirements for the description of work performed

2.1. Name of work performed: conducting a visual inspection of the main load-bearing structures of a non-residential building in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31937-2011.

2.2. Job Requirements:

2.2.1. An organization that meets the requirements for design organizations established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and has a valid Certificate of admission to perform this type of work is allowed to work.

2.2.2. The Contractor transfers to the Customer the project documentation developed by him in 3 copies on paper and 1 copy on electronic media.

2.3. List of examined structures and scope of work:

2.3.1. Inspection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures (according to paragraph 5.3.1. and appendix E GOST, without opening)

2.3.2. Inspection of stone structures ( without opening and probing)

2.3.3. Inspection of steel structures (according to paragraph 5.3.3. and appendix G GOST, without opening)

2.3.4. Inspection of wooden structures (clause 5.3.4., without opening and drilling)

2.3.5. Inspection of building elements of balconies, bay windows, loggias - p.5.3.5., without opening

2.3.6. Inspection of stairs - p.5.3.5. without opening

2.4. The result of the visual inspection is the development of a report on the technical condition of the main load-bearing structures of the building with:

- an indication of the structural scheme of the building and a description of the load-bearing structures of the building by floors;

- compilation of lists of defects and damages according to external signs with their measurements and fixation on the diagrams;

— description of emergency areas (if any);

- development of conclusions about the state of the building;

After conducting a survey of the technical condition of the building, the information in the developed report should be sufficient to make an informed decision on the possibility of its further trouble-free operation.

The report is transferred to the Customer under the Acceptance Certificate.

Sample terms of reference Option 2

Technical task

Price guide for inspection of buildings and structures

Reference book of basic prices for measuring work and inspection of buildings and structures, State Enterprise "Tsentrinvestproekt", M., 1998

The final cost of the work is determined using the coefficient approved in the letter of the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The latest version of the letter and the required coefficient can be found on the Internet.

The result of the technical inspection of buildings and structures

In the request for a quotation, we only need a few characteristics: The address of the property, the area of ​​the property, the number of storeys, as well as the required type of survey.

The main advantage of such an inspection is that data on the current state of structures are obtained by a non-destructive method. In other words, the fixation of cracks, deformations and destructions is carried out without opening the reinforced concrete elements, damaging the interior decoration and other measures, and can also be carried out without disturbing the work process taking place at the facility.

As a leading expert in the field of building control, Controlium offers qualified assistance in determining the technical condition of structures. Over the years of successful activity in the capital market, the experts of our company have managed to examine more than a hundred buildings, which allowed them to gain invaluable experience and develop effective strategies for interacting with new and regular customers!

Features of the visual inspection of the premises from the company "Kontrolium"

A visual inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in order to determine the current technical condition of individual building structures or their parts, according to external signs. Based on the data obtained, the property owner decides on the need for a more detailed instrumental examination of the damaged elements in order to develop recommendations for eliminating the detected defects.

When ordering a visual inspection of structures from Controlium, customers can count on:

• An integrated approach to visual surveys;
• Detailed report describing the problems identified;
• Assistance in the preparation of documents for submission to official bodies and instances;
• Development of effective methods for eliminating detected defects;
• Competent advice from specialized specialists with vast experience;
• Flexible and transparent cost of services provided.

The final price for a visual technical inspection depends on a number of additional factors and is calculated taking into account:

• The type of the existing object;
• The scope of the upcoming work;
• The total area of ​​the premises being checked;
• The number of defects found.

It should be noted that the calculation of the cost of services is made on an individual basis. The data obtained during the survey can be used as an evidence base when initiating litigation, because All reports are drawn up in full compliance with the main provisions of the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Any questions? Would you like to discuss cooperation? Would you like more information about the services provided? Just give us a call! Managers "" are ready to advise you on any issue!