My text. So, the further evolution of the design of residential buildings led to the emergence of a "half-frame" scheme, and the Leningrad branch of Gorstroyproekt developed the 1-335 series according to this principle, which was destined to become a "hit". It is not difficult to distinguish the series, it is enough 1) to look at the end of the house and note the location of the windows. 2) look at the house from the stairs. Continuous glazing of stairwells (4 rows of frames per panel or glass blocks) - also feature 1-335. These houses were built everywhere from Kaliningrad to the Pacific Ocean. For each climatic and seismic zone, its own modification of the project was developed. Oddly enough, in Moscow 1-335 is a very rare guest. Only 20 photos.

Photo 1 house series 1-335 under construction

In the capitals, the house was built in a slightly different guise (moreover, concrete goods were brought to Moscow from other regions). Outwardly, differences in the structure of the roof.
Photo 2. St. Petersburg. The roof is flat, its device is identical to the OD series. Most houses are finished with gray ceramics.

Photo 3. 1-335 in Moscow. The roof is double pitched. Panels are always painted.

The cost of construction of 1 sq.m of living space for frame-panel houses of the 1-335 series was 95 rubles. in 1961 prices - the lowest figure among the entire history of industrial housing construction in the USSR. What is a "half-frame" can be seen from the drawing. The longitudinal load-bearing wall was replaced by columns with load-bearing beams. Internal partitions (except for inter-apartment ones) are light, made of gypsum concrete. Moreover, the section of the columns during the evolution of the series was reduced (1-335 k)
Photo 4. "Semi-frame" scheme of series 1-335

The layout of the apartments is a "step back" in relation to K-7 (od). 2-room and part of 3-room apartments with walk-through rooms, bathrooms combined. The height of the ceiling is the required hygienic minimum of 250 cm. True, all apartments have balconies. Starting from 1-335, the definition of “mother-in-law’s room” appeared in the lexicon of a Soviet person - this is a pantry in “twos” and “threes” - it is quite large.
Photo 5. Layout 1-335.

Photo 6

Photo 7. Furnishing option 1-335 from designers. I note that the common (passing room) is conceived as non-residential.

They tried to diversify the houses of the 1-335 series and “revive” the quarter with artistic coloring of houses and simple decor (along the “red” line of streets)
Photo 8.

Or the use of mosaic panels in houses with ceramic facade panels
Photo 9.

Or the use of glass blocks in the glazing of stairs
Photo 10.

In the process of evolution of the series, the end windows moved closer to the center of the building (there are no such houses in Moscow or St. Petersburg).
Photo 11 "transitional" version 1-335 in Tomsk

Photo 12. Project 1-335A-2. The windows of the butt "fixed" in a new place.

trouble 1-335 - the destruction of the slabs of the balconies was also defeated
Photo 13. Brick consoles of balconies

Back in the days of the USSR, the operation of houses of the 1-335 series of some DSKs revealed serious problems with the quality of reinforced concrete products
Photo 14. Lamination of facade panels

What needed a major overhaul
Photo 15.

A plan was developed for the overhaul of houses in a series with wall insulation
http://greb.ru/new/texnologija-strotel-stv...ix-sten-kr.html
photo 16.

Due to the high cost of land, in Moscow they don’t stand on ceremony with 1-335 (at least in Luzhkov’s time it was like that)
Photo 17. Demolition of 1-335 in Moscow. Let me remind you that very few of them were built there (the series cannot be reliably determined from the photo, but it is included in the list of “demolished” and actually demolished)

In other regions, 1-335 was subjected to overhaul and sanitation
Photo 18. 1-335 after reorganization in St. Petersburg. Etc. Sciences 14-2.

Photo 19. 1-335 after overhaul in Yurga, Kemerovo region.

Photo 20 Implemented or not, I don't know.
In order not to overload the topic with later projects 1-335, which bear little resemblance to these "Khrushchevs", I will stop here. Thanks to all!

§ 12

Design features, solutions for houses of the 1-335 and 1-335a series

The constructive solution of the houses of the 1-335 series is based on a two-span scheme with columns running along the middle longitudinal axis of the building at intervals of 2.6 and 3.2 m, and with transverse purlins resting on the columns and load-bearing panels of the longitudinal outer walls. The spatial rigidity of the building is provided by the walls of the stairwells, end-bearing walls and transverse walls made of ventilation blocks, which are also supports for the floors (Fig. 3-15).

The outer walls of the building are designed in two versions: in the form of two-layer ribbed reinforced concrete panels made of concrete grade 200, insulated with non-autoclaved cellular concrete grade 10 (basic option), and in the form of single-layer panels made of lightweight concrete (expanded concrete, thermosite concrete, aerated concrete, etc.). The thickness of single-layer panels, depending on the climatic conditions of the construction area, is taken from 35 to 50 cm. Panels of a two-layer structure for all climatic regions have a thickness of 30 cm. white or colored concrete, or painted with perchlorovinyl or resistant silicate paints.

Panels of external walls are interconnected by welding metal plates, which are supporting sheets for transverse purlins of interfloor ceilings; the ends of the runs are insulated with slag. Vertical seams between the wall panels are caulked with tarred tow bundles and filled with mortar on expanding cement. The nests in the wall panels, necessary for welding, are sealed with foam concrete chips with a small amount of cement mortar. The installation of wall panels is carried out over a layer of cement mortar 10 mm thick, while from the side of the front edge on the panel, before spreading the mortar, a bundle of tarred tow or poroizol is laid.

Rice. 3-15. Large-panel houses of the 1-335 and 1-335a series

a - section of series 1-335;
b — the same, 1-335A;
in-coupling columns, girders and panels of interfloor overlapping: 1 - colony; 2 - run; 3 - floor panel; 4 - welded seam;
g - pairing of panels of external walls with a run and a floor slab; 1 - mastic isol: 2 - poroizol; 3 - cement mortar;
e - interface panels on the end wall: 1 - wall panels, 2 - floor panels

The internal frame of the building consists of one-story reinforced concrete columns made of grade 200 concrete and transverse reinforced concrete purlins of rectangular section made of grade 300-400 concrete. For the installation of floors, reinforced concrete flat hollow-core panels made of concrete grade 300, the size of a room, 10 cm thick, are used. The frame elements are connected to each other and to the floor panels using welded metal parts embedded in reinforced concrete products. All metal surfaces after installation are covered with an anti-corrosion compound, and the seams between the reinforced concrete elements are sealed with a mortar of expanding cement.

The foundations for load-bearing walls are designed in two versions: a strip structure made of concrete blocks or columnar foundations made of enlarged prefabricated reinforced concrete elements in the form of separate supports installed on pillows. The foundations for the columns are made of glass-type reinforced concrete shoes. With columnar foundations, the lower part of the walls is assembled from basement panels, and with foundations made of concrete blocks, the basement is assembled from large hollow blocks with a length equal to the pitch of the transverse load-bearing structures.

Interroom partitions are made of gypsum concrete panels 8 cm thick, inter-apartment partitions are made of the same panels, but in two layers with an air gap of 4 cm between them. Stair structures are made in cassette molds from 300 grade concrete and consist of flights with half platforms.

The combined roof has two solutions: in the form of a ventilated and non-ventilated structure. The basis for the roof is reinforced concrete slabs 4 cm thick, laid on reinforced concrete pads (logs); roof insulation - from autoclaved foam concrete; roofing - from three layers of roofing material over glassine on bituminous mastic.

Residential buildings of the 1-335 series have significant planning flaws: apartments with walk-through rooms, with entrances to the kitchens directly from common living rooms, with combined bathrooms, with narrowed front ones; the facades of the houses are solved uniformly with a low height of the window openings. There are also shortcomings in design solutions: anti-corrosion protection of embedded parts is not provided; in the nodes of support of the girders on the outer walls there is no necessary sealing of the joints of the outer panels; the heat-shielding qualities of the outer walls are insufficient for areas with low design temperatures; in a number of knots separate sections froze through; the channels in the smoke ventilation units have an insufficient cross section; there is water leakage from balconies and cornices into the joints of the panels of the outer walls.

Improved series 1-335a

In 1962, the Leningrad Gorstroyproekt issued working drawings, and then developed an improved 1-335A series.

• in the houses of this series, a more convenient layout of apartments is given;
• the series includes 9-storey buildings of tower and hotel type;
• included buildings for cultural purposes (children's institutions, schools and a shopping center);
• various options for solving the facades of houses have been developed.

Changes have been made to the construction of houses: for areas with low design temperatures, the thickness of the outer walls has been increased; Anti-corrosion protection of embedded parts (anchors and welds) is provided. The structures for connecting the panels of the outer walls with the girders and the support of the floor panels on the end walls are shown in diagrams d, e. fig. 3-15. Currently, in the houses of the 1-335A series, the structural scheme has been changed, which is based on a full frame.

Polina Dedyukhova

Series 1-335 with an incomplete frame is a residential building of 5 floors with longitudinal load-bearing walls. The structures were made at the factories of prefabricated reinforced concrete of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR. Designs of the 335th series were produced at the DSC from 1960 to 1968.

The series is widely distributed in the former USSR. The first house of this series was built in Cherepovets. In Moscow, the 335 series were built from imported structures; in block buildings it occurs in the form of individual inclusions.

The largest number of houses in this series was built in St. Petersburg, where they were produced by Polustrovsky DSK - 289 buildings, in total 1442 sections in the Krasnogvardeysky and Kalininsky districts of the city. In Omsk, 170 houses of the I-335PK series with an incomplete frame are operated (more than 2% of the total volume of this series in the country). The most massive series of residential buildings in Kazakhstan.

In Tula, it was initially decided to build houses of a nominal series, the builders faced a number of technological difficulties. Therefore, it was decided to introduce our own panels for construction, so the 1-335AT series (Tula) was born. Panels for it were produced at two factories - Aleksinsky Concrete Products and ZKD (Large Parts Plant). Proletarsky became the first district where these houses were built.

The appearance of 1-335 is characterized by wide apartment windows (two-leaf windows look square), elongated windows on the stairwells, almost the entire height of the panel. The end walls consist of 4 panels with windows on the outer ones. Usually there is an external fire escape at one of the ends of the house. For houses built in Moscow, an iron 4-pitched roof is typical. In another modification, including the one built by Polyustrovskiy DSK (it is also found in the Moscow region), there may be a flat roof without an attic at all.

Bearing walls are longitudinal (as indicated by the I in the title of the series). The number of sections in the original modification is 3,4,5,6,8,10. There are 4 apartments on the site. 1,2,3-room apartments, ceiling height - 2.55 m. The central room in a 3-room apartment is a walk-through. Bathroom combined. Water and heat supply is centralized. There is no elevator or garbage chute.

1-335 Partial Frame Specifications

In support of the thesis that in frame-panel buildings it does not matter what parts and elements the frame is made of, and the normative durability will be determined by the attachment point of horizontal structures to the fence, let's consider an example with a large-panel building of the 1-335 series with an incomplete frame. In appearance, it belongs to the industrial series with a durability of 150 years. However, the very design of such residential buildings, built since the beginning of the 60s of the last century, and most importantly, the qualities shown during long-term operation, make it possible to attribute such structures to the frame-panel capital group.

Appearance of the 1-335 series with partial frame	Plan of end typical section of latitudinal orientation
Plan and section series 1-335 with partial frame	Plan of an ordinary typical section of latitudinal orientation

In the course of the implementation of complex development in the 60s of the last century, these buildings were erected as a frame for a built-up residential area, they were also placed inside the microdistrict, but at the site of binding the high-rise dominant - future 9-storey buildings with elevators and garbage chutes, the mass commissioning of which started in 1968.

In the 60s of the last century, in the conditions of the Cold War, there was a state housing program, during which each settlement, except for the mobile resettlement fund, had a set of structures for large-panel housing, assembled according to the frame-panel type.

It was believed that the five-story structures used in the course of mass construction would be in operation for no more than 15 years. Then they had to be dismantled and remounted in another place already with a decrease in the number of storeys - as three-story buildings.

After 10 years of operation, they were to be transported to the countryside and assembled in the form of semi-detached one-story and two-story cottages with a durability of 150 years.

In order to facilitate assembly and disassembly in these houses, columns were not installed along the outer longitudinal walls. A number of columns for supporting the crossbar of floor slabs went only along the inner longitudinal wall.

Thus, the crossbars, resting on the columns of the inner row at one end (highlighted in red in the figure), at the other end rested directly on the fence panel.

Here it is necessary to understand. Why is the frame-panel system in Russia (where the heating season is on average 9 months) has such a low standard durability, regardless of what in this case is assembled from fully assembled durable elements designed for three assembly-dismantling cycles.

As we know the heat in the room is understood upwards. Thermal engineering calculation is reduced to determining the thickness of the fence behind the end of the floor structures.

In this case, two-layer panels 150 mm thick were used as enclosing structures. What did not pass according to the requirements of heat engineering calculation. The crossbar-outer fencing panel assembly was constantly frozen. The calculation was that for the planned durability, the physical wear of the fencing panels during the freeze-thaw cycles would not exceed the permissible maintainable level.

However, in practice it happened differently. The changed policy did not allow the planned operation of these peculiar "prefabricated" structures to continue. At a construction site, where in the estimates of the Soviet era there was an article "Temporary buildings and structures", which included buildings up to three floors, it is customary to say: "There is nothing more permanent than something temporary."

Of course, the original idea of ​​resettling housing in 15-10 years was utopian in itself, given that buildings with a normative durability of 150 years were chosen as the main instrument of housing policy.

As a result, structures with a durability of 30 years, which should have been dismantled and reassembled back in the mid-70s of the last century, are still standing among structures with normal durability, not differing in any way from them.

There are 46 such houses in Izhevsk, they stand right among similar houses, where columns are exposed along the outer walls, so their standard durability is far from being exhausted, and the building itself has a normal microclimate.

Today, residential large-panel buildings with an incomplete frame pose a huge threat to residents.

By the end of the 1980s, all these structures were in a pre-emergency state. The destruction of these buildings can occur at any time according to an unpredictable scenario - due to the brittle fracture of metal embedded parts that have significantly corroded over the period of operation. Such buildings were supposed to be reconstructed in the first place in the mid-80s of the last century.

At present, they have not yet been reconstructed, although all the allowable dates have been missed. At the same time, the authorities are deliberately demolishing not these houses, but similar ones that have a normative period of 150 years, but located in more attractive places for modern development.

According to the results of external inspections carried out back in Soviet times, the normative durability indicators for horizontal protruding elements were significantly reduced - up to 25 years. These are peaks, balconies and loggias.

In the first mass series, a metal fence was used at the protruding elements. Practice has shown that in the process of heat exchange, it is at the contact with the “cold bridges”, which will be all metal structures, that the main concentration of freezing condensing moisture occurs. When freezing, condensate droplets expand, forming shells and cavities. After 10-15 heating seasons, irreversible damage occurs.

Without taking into account these data, today attempts are being made to strengthen the protruding reinforced concrete elements precisely with the use of metal parts and reinforcement structures.

The main advantages of the 1-335 series

The minimum number of load-bearing internal elements, which allows the principle of "flexible planning" to be implemented;

High manufacturability of manufacturing and installation of structures;

Designing a technical underground, which made it possible to put housing into operation rhythmically throughout the year in the northern regions of the country.

General information about houses of the 1-335 series

Description of load-bearing structures of the 1-335 series

Disadvantages of the 1-335 series

Insufficient rigidity of the embedding unit of the balcony slab in the wall panel, floor slabs;


Wrong arrangement of layers in a two-layer wall panel;


Unreliable waterproofing of the seams of wall panels, due to which the examination confirmed the leakage of the seams;


Inconsistency of space-planning and constructive solutions of apartments with modern requirements.

At the moment, these structures are no longer subject to disassembly and require urgent reconstruction measures with the strengthening of the entire building as a whole:

External frame devices with fastening of the crossbar support unit for strengthening and unloading the existing building frame;


Cutting worn out balcony slabs;


Expansion of openings in external wall panels, sealing of vertical and horizontal platform joints in them;


Replacement of floors, window frames, door frames.

In addition, the planned reconstruction of the entrance groups with the arrangement of ramps for baby and wheelchairs, the installation of attached passenger elevators and garbage chutes is necessary.

In the course of reconstruction work, all residents would receive significant benefits, except for the residents of the first floors. For them, back in Soviet times, special reconstruction projects were developed with the arrangement of separate entrance groups.

It is easy to see that the installation of attached entrance groups with elevators and garbage chutes, attached loggias along the contour of the building - expands the body, allows you to unfasten the frozen junction of the crossbar to the fence.

Such a solution allows not only to strengthen the incomplete frame, but also to create new heat-efficient enclosing structures, dry and repair old fence structures, and restore a normal microclimate in the building.

Projects of redevelopment of the 1-335 series with an incomplete frame during reconstruction with the installation of attached entrance groups with elevators and garbage chutes and attached loggias

There are various solutions that provide for partial disassembly of the fencing panels and the installation of attached structures that expand the body of the structure along the entire longitudinal contour. There are also more economical options, where only attached entrance groups and attached loggias are being built to reinforce the incomplete frame of the building from the outside.

When expanding the building, problems arise with insolation of the premises due to the low floor height of the first mass series. However, this issue is resolved with the construction of two-level apartments with a hall having a "second light".

Reconstruction project of the microdistrict of large-block houses building in 1964 in Izhevsk with a significant compaction of buildings by connecting three residential buildings in the most worn-out end part - into a single residential ensemble with two-level apartments

The current approaches to the reconstruction of large-panel buildings with external insulation did not give positive changes. In the structures, an increased growth of black mold was observed in the upper corners of the living quarters, that is, the process of freezing and destruction of structures did not slow down, but intensified.

Attempts to strengthen the angle of support of the crossbar on the outer panel of the fence from within, with similarity device inner frame- didn't work either. In Soviet times, there were attempts to strengthen these nodes with the help of logs installed in the corners.

The internal frame, which does not have its own foundation, based on floor slabs, only cosmetically solves the problem of frostbite, provided that it is upholstered with sheets of drywall. It should be borne in mind that most of the examined crossbars had an unacceptable deflection back in the 80s.

In structures of the semi-frame type of the series 1-335 in the course of the installation of attached loggias, it was planned to make a fastening unit for the crossbar head to transfer the load from worn units to the outer frame along the perimeter of the entire structure. Due to the fact that the reconstruction activities scheduled for the end of the 80s were not completed, at present, during the reconstruction activities, balcony slabs and canopies must be dismantled.

The device of heated loggias had to perform the following functions:

- creation of an additional thermal protection belt before repair and sealing of panel joints;
— improvement of insolation of internal premises due to tripartite natural lighting;
- improving the comfort of living quarters;
- creation of a rigid outer frame around the entire perimeter of the building.

All these activities must be carried out within a short period of time. complete eviction of residents on a permanent or temporary basis. Their implementation would contribute to reducing social tension in society and solving the housing problem in an economical way, beneficial for all participants in the reconstruction process.

Discussion and additional information on the forum -

Residential apartment building series 1-335 have a frame-panel structure. The project belongs to the developers of the design bureau of Leningrad, the design was finally improved and put into construction by the LenZNIIEP scientific institute.

House series 1-335 has 5 floors. The facade is recognizable by the four-leaf windows on the landings, the ends, consisting of four panels, as well as the windows in two rows.

In the history of Khrushchev housing construction, this series is characterized by the lowest cost, equal to 95 rubles. Panel houses are located in different Moscow districts, all of them are in disrepair. According to experts - the worst construction project of all Khrushchev's structural series.

Characteristics of a panel house 1-335

The number of entrances of the house starts from 3 or more. There is no elevator in the houses. Each apartment, except for the 1st floor, has a balcony. The design does not provide for a built-in garbage chute, there are no emergency balconies on the stairs. The roof has a hipped structure. The ceilings were made of solid reinforced concrete slabs. Inter-apartment and inter-room partitions are made of gypsum concrete panels. The load-bearing walls are made according to the constructive scheme, the frame is incomplete. The type of load-bearing wall is layered: reinforced concrete outside, and foam concrete insulation inside. The facade is tiled in light shades.

On the floors there are one-, two- and three-room apartments. Apartments are small. The area of ​​a one-room apartment is no more than 31 m2, of which 19 m2 is residential space. In a two-room apartment, the total area ranges from 40 to 45m2 (about 35 - living area). Treshkas are 10-12m2 larger (about 55m2), with a living space of 44-48m2. Kitchens have a standard square for any apartment - 6.3 m2. Ceilings are low - 2.5 meters. The apartments are equipped with storage rooms.

Among the shortcomings of the panel "five-story building" note the combination of a toilet and a bathroom. The outer walls are extremely poorly insulated, so it is cool in the apartments during the heating season. The interior partitions are thin, which increases the audibility from the neighbors.

Series 1-335 is one of the first all-Union panel series. Houses of this series were built in many cities of the country: Moscow, Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Volgograd, Cherepovets, Ulyanovsk.

This series was built from 1958 to 1966. Despite the fact that the total number of these buildings is small (about 500), it is considered one of the most common among the Khrushchevs. The vast majority of houses of the 1-335 series were built in St. Petersburg - 289 buildings.

About 70 houses have been built in Moscow, mainly in the districts: Perovo, Sokolinaya Gora, Babushkinsky, Degunino, Kuntsevo, as well as 1-2 buildings each in a number of other districts.

In the cities of the Moscow region, houses of this series were built in single quantities, most of them in the cities of Shcherbinka and Podolsk.

This type of multi-apartment Khrushchev can be recognized by the large, almost full panel square windows and high elongated windows on the landings. And also on the ends of four panels with two rows of windows. There are options lined with small square tiles.

The cost of construction of 1 m² of living space for houses of the 1-335 series was a record low and amounted to 95 rubles. in 1961 prices. This is the lowest figure in the history of industrial housing construction in the USSR.

"" Series I-335 almost everywhere are in pre-accident condition. The reliability of the design scheme is practically exhausted.

The demolition of houses of series 1-335 has been carried out in Moscow since the late 1990s. selectively (formally, the series is not on the list of those being demolished due to the fact that it is not among the most common series of Khrushchevs in Moscow). According to experts, the demolition of all houses of series 1-335 in Moscow will be completed in 2015-2017.
In St. Petersburg, the houses of this series are mainly undergoing major repairs (sanation), some quarters are scheduled for demolition

According to a number of experts, the five-story buildings 1-335 of the project are recognized as the most unsuccessful series of buildings from the Khrushchev era.

Detailed characteristics of the series