I am often asked by students studying the e-meter in a solo course or auditing course:
"How does the e-meter work anyway? I just can't figure out how..."
And then there are some confusions, everyone has their own.
To be honest, it was also difficult for me to understand how the e-meter works from the training materials available to me, and it was only in the process of creating a wireless e-Meter that I was finally able to figure it out.
Therefore, I bring to your attention a couple of pictures, which, in my opinion, more or less simply, clearly and conceptually describe the model of the e-meter.
The PT (or Tone Knob) is simply the numbers printed on the Tone Knob, such as 2.0 on the Tone Knob (2.0 PT), 3.0 on the Tone Knob (3.0 PT) and so on.
The Tone Knob itself is a variable resistance that changes as you turn it, and these RT numbers indicate the amount of resistance the Tone Knob takes when rotated through a certain angle.
The figure shows how the Tone Knob, like weights on a balance, compensates for the changing resistance of the preclear.
The exact difference between the resistance of the preclear and the resistance of the Tone Knob is indicated by the arrow on the e-meter.
If the needle is in SET, then the resistance of the preclear is exactly equal to the resistance of the Tone Knob.
If the resistance of the PC is slightly greater, then the arrow deviates to the left, if less, then to the right.
This allows you to follow the rapid changes in the PC resistance.
As soon as this resistance difference exceeds the scale size, the arrow rests on the edge of the scale, and the Tone Knob must be adjusted so that the resistance difference returns to the scale again.
In the following figure, this is considered a little from the other side.
As shown in the figure, the preclear's resistance can be imagined to be measured and displayed on an e-meter anywhere in the resistance range.
And the Tone Knob only moves the Needle Display Window (E-Meter Scale marked SET) over that range of resistance to where the preclear's resistance is now, so that the auditor can see the pc needle swing.
It can also be imagined that the sensitivity setting determines the width of this display window, with small fluctuations of the arrow - it reduces the window, and thereby, relative to the window, the fluctuations increase and are displayed on the full scale for better observation.
And with large fluctuations, it sort of expands the display window so that the fluctuations of the arrow do not go beyond its borders.
A few words about RT units
The resistance values of the Tone Knob indicated on it - RT - have become good units of measurement for the preclear's resistance for auditing purposes.
Usually resistance is measured in ohms and kilo-ohms (kOhms), but in auditing this is not convenient, because human resistance does not change uniformly over its entire range.
With a small resistance of the preclear, the changes in resistance (at the readings) will be small - Ohms or tens of Ohms, and with a large resistance of the preclear - the readings will already be hundreds and thousands of Ohms.
Therefore, in order to unify these different-sized readings, the resistance of the preclear is not considered in Ohms, but in conventional units of RT.
The RT scale evens out all uneven readings in ohms at low and high resistances.
One RT on each resistance range contains a different number of ohms: between 2 and 3 RT - only 7.5 kOhm, between 5 and 6 RT - 134 kOhm, and between 6 and 6.5 RT - hundreds of thousands and millions of ohms.
Very often when I start working with people who are not quite "in the know" (i.e. people who don't have much knowledge about Auditing) they have the same questions about how the meter works.
They are interested in the use of the e-meter in auditing.
QUESTIONS ABOUT E-METER OPERATION
Usually after the first session the questions are:
How does this thing work?!
How is this possible?!
Simply, often, in the very first session, people work through very deep material, and this is accompanied by strong emotions and sensations.
The immersion in pop-up incidents of people is very surprising. And this despite the fact that a person during the session is in full awareness.
In other words, nothing like this has ever been experienced before. And I just asked him to sit down, close his eyes and just sit for a while.
Naturally, the first thought among people is that such an effect was caused by some kind of exposure to the device. I'll tell you right now - e-meter does NOT have any effect on a person!
WHAT IS E-METER?
So what is this device? How does an e-meter work? And what is it for in Auditing?
The e-meter is an electronic device. It passes a weak current of about 1.5 volts through the human body. This current is very weak and the person holding the electrodes in his hands does not feel it at all.
In confirmation of the weakness of the current, I can say that several AA batteries, with everyday use of the device, are enough for about 6-12 months (exact data can be found in comparison table of characteristics and parameters of e-meters).
The state of a person's mind has a profound effect on the body. For example, it changes the resistance of the body. The E-meter just measures the smallest changes in body resistance.
WORKING WITH THE E-METER
The E-meter tells the auditor the charged areas of the client's mind.
The necessary material at first may be so thin, elusive, that the person himself is not able to track it. But, as soon as the auditor points it out to the client, something grandiose, highly charged falls into the field of the person’s attention (typical examples of such a situation are described in my articles “ Real stories of auditing application
»).
That is, the auditor clearly sees what material can and should be worked on right now, and what material is best left for later. In addition, the e-meter allows you to track how intensively the work is going on.
Working with an e-meter allows you to pass the session more jewelry, the most environmentally friendly and, at the same time, intensively. Actually, such work causes a strong surprise and delight in a new person.
Although, in fact, the person himself and only he works with his mind. The auditor only gives short but clear hints on what to direct the client's attention to.
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All last week, public attention was riveted to the BTC-E exchange - even the upcoming hard fork of bitcoin did not occupy the minds of users as much as the intrigues and investigations around a large Russian-language exchange, which suddenly went offline. We suggest recalling all the events related to BTC-E and suggesting what awaits the exchange and its users now.
What happened to the BTC-E.com exchange?
Cryptocurrency trading platform called BTC-E began its work back in 2011 and until today was the largest Russian-speaking exchange in the world. At one time, the exchange was in the TOP in terms of daily turnover of funds, and although the golden days for BTC-E in the past and the site lost its positions, it cannot be denied that the exchange was popular and in demand.
All the hype, which is more like the plot of an American blockbuster than real events, began on July 25, when users lost access to the site. In general, exchanges often carry out technical work and other frauds, so going offline did not initially seem strange. When it dragged on for several hours, and then for a day, many traders began to have well-founded unrest, which only intensified after sensational statements in the press. 
On July 26, it became known that a certain Alexander Vinnik, a native of Russia, was detained in Greece, who was peacefully resting in the most expensive hotel in Halkidia and did not even suspect that he had been under surveillance for more than a month. As it turned out, the Greek authorities had nothing against the rich tourist, but acted at the request of their American colleagues. But on the part of the United States, there are very impressive claims against Vinnik - a citizen of the Russian Federation is charged with laundering $ 4 billion in bitcoins.
It would seem, well, what does the arrested comrade with billions to BTC-E have to do with it? The connection is very direct - it was through the gateways of the exchange that these large sums were laundered, and in parallel with this, a version appeared that it was Alexander Vinnik who was one of the leaders of BTC-E. The news is stunning - what is true here and what is fiction is extremely difficult to establish, but the further course of events is similar to a real theater of the absurd.
Development of events: who is Vinnik and did he manage BTC-E.nz?
Despite the promise of the management of the exchange to return to normal operation very soon, access to the site has not been restored. Vinnik's arrest was followed by new accusations: allegedly the owner of BTC-E is also guilty of stealing funds from the main crypto scam Mt.Gox, and BTC-E itself was accused that 95% of the withdrawals of stolen funds during cyberattacks take place not without her participation. On this positive note, the US authorities announced the arrest of the exchange domain, and the situation worsened even more, after which the exchange announced that technical work would last another 5-10 days. 
As for the person of Alexander Vinnik himself, there is information that he is indeed the co-head of BTC-E. In particular, this is stated by the admin of the qugla.com service, who had a business relationship with the exchange. But the most interesting thing is that representatives of the exchange commented on the situation at the main Bitcointalk crypto forum and stated that they don’t even know Vinnik, especially since he is not a leader.
Response from BTC-E exchange representatives: news for today
For a long time, the representatives of the trading platform themselves did not comment on what was happening and did not clarify it, but when the situation escalated to the limit, messages from them began to appear on Twitter and on bitcoin forums. According to the BTC-E exchange itself, already on July 25, FSB officers appeared in the data center and arrested the servers. The party is silent about what the representatives of the exchange are presented with and what to expect, it is only said that if the situation cannot be stabilized by the end of August, compensation will begin to be paid to the victims.
The main thing that the representatives said is that part of the funds of the exchange was confiscated by the feds and at the moment it is being established what remains available on BTC-E accounts. The administration of the exchange tells the truth or not, but on July 29, a large withdrawal of $ 95 million took place from the Ethereum wallet owned by the site. It is not known who carried out this transfer and to whom the money went. 
Law enforcement version: what happened to BTC-E
Greek law enforcers have confirmed that Alexander Vinnik is related to the cryptocurrency exchange. As for their American counterparts, they even connected the entire federal apparatus in order to punish the criminals according to their deserts. The US Department of Justice states that Vinnik was part of a money laundering ring, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Administration issued fines of $110 million and $12 million, respectively, to the prisoner and the stock exchange. In addition, the exchange is accused of all mortal sins: from facilitating ransomware to discussing with platform participants right in the chat how best to launder money. 
What awaits BTC-E.com: the exchange will return to work?
The likelihood that the exchange will return from offline and begin its previous work or pay someone something as compensation is negligible. Too serious accusations are brought against her by American law enforcement officers, and several cases are charged at once. It will be extremely difficult for the organizers of the project to get out of such a mess, it’s more logical to just collect the rest of the money and hide, because with a high probability the BTC-E admins will face the fate of Vinnik.
Many fear that the closure of the exchange will affect the cryptocurrency market and lead to a collapse in rates. Most likely, such a scenario should not be expected. Firstly, the exchange is not the main giant and, compared to the most vicious trading floors, its turnover is quite modest. Secondly, the expected outflow of investments from cryptocurrencies should not be expected - the problems of the exchange with the law are not a cyber attack or a scam in the literal sense of the word - no one was deceived and, in fact, they were not robbed, so you should not think that traders will leave trading, and investors investing funds, and go to do other things. Thus, in the crypto-currency world, one should not expect a collapse, if the impact is exerted, then it is very insignificant.
Nevertheless, of course, we wish the exchange a speedy recovery and return, and users full compensation for losses, but whether this will be is a big question, the answer to which will show time.
August 2, 2017
