Snip 111 10 75 Actualized edition. Passages, pedestrian walkways and playgrounds

State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

For construction affairs

(Gosstroy USSR)

SNIP III -10-75

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Part Il

Rules of production and acceptance of work

Chapter 10

Improvement of territories

Approved

resolution

State Committee

Council of Ministers of the USSR

by construction business

from 25 September 1975 G. № 158

Stereotype edition

Chapter SPEP III-10-75 The "landscaping of the territories" was developed by the Giprombommunster of the RSFSR Minzhilomhoz with the participation of the CNIIEP of spectacular buildings and sports facilities of the State Georgia, the Institute "Soymaker SoyuzportProekt" of the USSR Sport Committee and the Rostov Research Institute of the Academy of Communal Services. K. D. Pamfilova.

Editors: engineers A. I. Davydov (Gosstroy USSR), L. N. Gavrikov (Hyroeomumunstroy Mnigilcommunhoz RSFSR).

1. General provisions

1.1. The rules of this chapter should be observed in the production and acceptance of work on the improvement of the territory, including the preparation of them to build, working with vegetable soil, the device of intra-ordinary travel, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways, sites, fences, open planar sports facilities, recreation facilities and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sections of the placement of objects of housing and civil, cultural and industrial and industrial purposes.

1.2. Work on the improvement of territories should be carried out in accordance with working drawings under the compliance with the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this chapter and work projects.

1.3. Work on the preparation of the territory should be started with marking places of collection and obmissions of vegetable soil, as well as plants transplanting places to be used to landscap in the territory.

1.4. The device of various types of coatings of intravadal passages, sidewalks and platforms is allowed on any stable underlying soils, the carrier's ability to be changed under the influence of natural factors is not more than 20%.

1.5. As underlying soils, it is allowed to use drainage and negotiating sandy, sandy and clay

soils of all varieties, as well as slags, ash timers and inorganic construction trash. The possibility of using soils as underlying should be specified in the project and confirmed by the construction laboratory.

1.6. Vegetable soil to be removed from the built-in area should be cut off, move into specially selected places and stored. When working with vegetable soil, it is necessary to protect it from mixing with the underlying unimpressive soil, from contamination, erosion and weathering.

The vegetable soil used for landscaping the territories, depending on climatic subarea, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the Earth to depth:

7—20 CM - with podzolic prizes in climatic subarea with the average monthly temperatures of January minus 28 ° From and below July — ± 0 ° C and above, harsh long winter with a height of snow cover up to 1.2 m and permenzed soils. The perplexed primer should be harvested in summer as it is thawing and moved to dumps to roads for subsequent removal;

before 25 cm — With borous and serous soils in climatic subarea with average monthly temperatures of January minus 15 ° From and above and July + 25 ° C and higher, with hot sunny summer, short winter period and sediment;

7—20 cm — on podzolic soils and 60—80 cm — with chestnut and black soil soils of other climatic subneecons.

The thickness of the dismantled non-relaxed layer of vegetable soil should be at least 15 cm with podzolic soils and 30 See with other soils and in all climatic subsidies.

1.7. The suitability of vegetable soil for landscaping must be installed by laboratory tests.

Improving the mechanical composition of vegetable soil should be administered by the introduction of additives (sand, peat, lime, etc.) with the spreadsheet of vegetable soil by two-three-three stirring of soil and additives,

Improving vegetation soil fertility should be carried out by the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers in top layer of floral soil with his pallberry.

1.8. After removing the vegetable soil, drainage should be provided from the entire surface of the construction site.

1.9. When working with the soil, the following exhaust values \u200b\u200bshould be taken into account: vegetable soil, sands with a dimension module less 2 and connected soils — 1,35 ; soil mixtures, sands with a minority module more 2, gravel, stone and brick crushed stone, slags - 1,15.

1.10. Soil humidity used in improvement territories , Must be around 15% full of its moisture intensity. In case of insufficient humidity, the soil should be artificially moistened. The maximum humidity of the soil should not exceed the optimal: for dust sand and lungs of large splaces — on the 60%; for souses of lungs and dust — on the 35%; for sophouse heavy dusty, lungs and lungs dust — on the 30%; For loams of heavy and heavy dust — on the 20%.

1.11. Materials used in the work of work on the improvement of territories are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical conditions.

Unexpected types of bases and coatings, as well as bases and coatings for sports facilities, should be carried out from the following basic materials: rubble, gravel, brick rubble and slag with fractions 5—120 mm, stone, brick and slag crumbs with fractions 2—5 mm, evidence of construction waste without organic inclusions, as well as from sands with a filtration coefficient of at least 2,5 m / day.

Advanced types of bases and coatings should be performed from the following basic materials: monolithic brand's monolithic concrete 300, precast concrete road plates brand not lower 300, as well as asphalt mixes: hot (with laying temperature not lower + 110 ° C) warm (with laying temperature not lower + 80 ° C) and cold (with laying temperature not lower + 10 ° FROM).

1.12. Preparation of territories for development should be performed in the following technological sequence:

in territories free from buildings and green spaces, — removal of vegetable soil in directions of temporary surface drainage, as well as in places of excavation of earthworks and removal or dilution of this soil; the device of temporary surface drainage with the construction of small artificial structures at the intersections with transport paths;

in the territories engaged in green plantings, — allocation of arrays of green spaces that must be saved; digging and exporting trees and shrubs for landscaping other territories; roll and cutting trunks, cleaning of stumps and shrubs; cleaning the vegetable layer from the roots; Further in the above sequence;

in the territories occupied by buildings and communications, — laying engineering communications that ensure the normal operation of objects and structures in this area, turning off the electricity, communications, gas, water, heat supply and sewage in the work areas; Removal, removal or rolling of vegetable soil in places of demolition of buildings, roads, sidewalks, sites, openings and removal of underground communications, fading trenches and pits; demolition of the ground part of buildings and structures; demolition of the underground part of buildings è structures; Flipping trenche and pita; Further in the above sequence;

after the end of construction and installation work — Traveling device, sidewalks , Roads and pads with advanced coatings and fences, flooding of vegetable soil, the device of travel, sidewalks, tracks and sites with unprincipled types of coatings, planting green spaces, sowing lawns and planting flowers in flower beds, caring for green plantings.

1.13. Preparation of the construction areas for the construction site, as well as the improvement of the construction site after the completion of construction and installation work must be carried out within the following tolerances:

the biases of temporary drainage must be at least 3;

the thickness of rubbed, gravel and sand pillows under the foundations of improvement structures should be at least 10 cm;

the thickness of the sand bases under the premium elements of coatings should be at least 3 cm;

the height of the adjacent prefabricated elements of the improvement should be no more 5 mm;

the thickness of the seams of prefabricated coating elements should be no more 25 mm.

The coefficient of sealing soils must be at least 0,98 under coatings and no less 0,95 in other places.

1.14. The slight sealing mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing 15 8 t. To the heavy sealing mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 35 t and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up 18 t.

1.15. Specialized organizations should be involved in the production of explosive work.

1.16. Lawns (seeded or acted) and flower beds should be water water with sprinkling after sewage, styling of turf or planting colors. Watering should be made at least two times a week for a month.

1.17. With the improvement of the territories of deviation from design dimensions should not exceed:

high-rise marks when working with vegetable grounds ± 5 cm, when the base of the base under coating and coatings of all types of ± 5 cm;

the thickness of the layers of frost-proof, insulating, draining, as well as the bases and coatings of all kinds of ± 10%, but not more than 20 mm; vegetable soil ± 20%;

it is allowed to lumen under the three-meter rail on the bases and coatings: from soils, crushed stone, gravel and slag —15 mm; from asphalt concrete, bitumenineral mixtures and cement concrete — 5 mm; lawn — not allowed;

the width of the base layer or coating of all kinds, except for cement concrete, —10 cm from cement concrete — 5 cm.

2. Clearing territories

And preparation of them to build

2.1. Clearing territories and preparations of them to build should begin with preliminary marking points and embalts of plant soil and its removal, with protection against damage or transplantation used in further plants, as well as from the device of the time removal of water from the surface of the construction site.

2.2. Construction of constant drainage, coinciding with the structures of temporary drainage, should be erected in the process of preparing the territory for construction. These facilities include: cuvettes, ditches, water pipes under roads and travel, bypass trays and devices to reduce the flow rate of water.

Artificial structures at the intersections of temporary surface drainage with temporary roads and drives should pass surface and flooded water from the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment for this artificial structure and have unnewable row attachments at approaches to structures and for them. With the device of artificial structures, a building rise should be resistant 5 See on the axis of the road or travel. The surface of the trough under the base should have a bias in the direction of water flow and be sealed to the density at which the sealing trace compensation does not appear. Gravel or crushed stone base should be seal to the stable position. The depth of the installation of spurs from the top of the base under the construction must be at least 50 cm.

2.3. The deposit of the precast concrete elements of artificial structures should be performed on the cement solution of the brand not lower 200, cooked on portland cement brands not lower 400 (composition of the solution 1:3, mobility 6 — 8 CM diving standard cone). Junction stakes are reinforced concrete pipe must be isolated by sizing them with two layers of rubberoid on hot bitumen mastic. Insulation should be applied according to a predetermined seam surface. Skin joints should be caught by a smallest strand with a subsequent bess chacking with cement mortar.

2.4. Prefabricated plates of trays should be laid on a sandy base. Plates must be based on the entire support surface, which is achieved by the compression of stoves with mobile loads. When assembling the plates, plates should be stacked closely.

2.5. Green plants that are not subject to cutting or transplant should be protected by a common fence. The trunks of detached trees falling into the work area of \u200b\u200bthe work should be protected from damage, lining them with waste lumber. Separate bushes should be transplant.

When squeezing or cutting of the soil in the zones of the saved green plantings, the size of the wells and glasses in the trees should be at least 0,5 Diameter crown and no more 30 cm in height from the existing surface of the earth in the tree trunk.

Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping should be dug or transferred to a specially designated security zone.

2.6. Clearing the territory from trees can be performed with a cutting of trees in place and the subsequent export of logs or with a cutting of fallen trees aside.

2.7. Korchevka Stumps should be produced by dishes. Separate stumps that are not amenable to Korchevka should split the explosions. Cleaning the emerged stumps with a move of them to 1,5 km should produce bulldozers (at least 4 Machines in the group).

2.8. Clearing the territory of the trees along with the root should be performed by bulldozers or disgusts with highly raised dumps, ranging from the middle of the massive trees. Trees with a roll should be laid by the vertices to the middle. At the end of the rolls, trees together with the roots are gratened to the place of their cutting.

2.9. Cleaning scraps of roots from the vegetable layer should be made immediately after cleaning the territory from the stumps and logs. Purples of the roots should be extracted from the vegetable layer with parallel passages of disgusts with ardent dumps. Separated roots and bushes should be removed from the cleared territory in specially designated places for subsequent removal or burning.

2.10. Preparations for the construction of the territory engaged in buildings should begin with the removal of communications used in the construction process, turning off the gas supply at entering it into the territory and purge of the disconnected gas nets with compressed air, and water supply, sewage, heat supply, electricity and communication — On the inputs of them to the subjects to be demolished as needed in their demolition. After disconnecting the communication, the possibility of re-inclusion them must be excluded without the permission of the relevant services, as well as fire and sanitary supervision.

2.11. Full or partial disassembly of buildings or their the demolition should begin with the withdrawal of individual structural elements that are recognized appreciated to use re-in conditions of a particular construction. Elements that can be seized only after partial disassembly of the structure must be protected from damage during disassembly.

2.12. Disassembly of buildings should be started with removal of heating and ventilation devices, sanitary equipment and installation electrical equipment, communications equipment and radio, gas supply equipment. Not to be seized wires, risers and wiring, which can serve as bonds in the disassembly of the building, should be cut into parts excluding the possibility of formation of these ties.

Simultaneously, suitable hardware, metal elements of fences, parts of floors, etc., can be removed for future use, part of the building.

2.13. Wooden non-separable, stone and concrete structures should be demolished by flushing and collapse with subsequent removal of scrap or by burning wooden buildings in place.

Before the collapse of the vertical parts of the structure, the upper coating elements should be removed, which can create interference when carrying out demolition operations. Vertical parts of the structure should be engaged inward. When used to demolish the structure of a truck crane or an excavator-crane, a metal ball should be used as a shock element, the weight of which should not exceed half of the mechanism loading capacity with the highest arrows. In some cases, explosive work should be applied to pre-weakening buildings.

2.14. The possibility of burning the wooden structure in place or scrap from its disassembly in a specially designated place should be consistent with the local councils of workers deputies, as well as with the fire and sanitary inspection.

2.15. Wooden collapsible buildings should be disassembled, rejecting prefabricated elements for subsequent use. When disassembling, each separated prefabricated element must be pre-limited in a steady position.

2.16. Scrap from the disassembly of stone buildings, suitable for further use, should be sifted to separate wooden I.Metallic components from it.

2.17. Monolithic reinforced concrete and metal structures should be dealt with a specially designed demolition scheme that ensures the stability of the structure as a whole. The largest weight of the reinforced concrete block or metal element should not exceed half of the cranes of the cranes with the greatest arrows. Membership on blocks should be started with opening of reinforcement. The block is then fixed, after which the cutting of reinforcement and the block of block are produced. Metal elements should be cut off after the link.

2.18. Precast reinforced concrete structures should understand the demolition scheme, the inverse installation scheme. Before starting withdrawal, the element must be exempt from connections.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that are unsenongable to elementary separation should be dismembered as monolithic.

2.19. Underground parts of buildings and structures, if necessary, must be examined in separate characteristic sites. According to the results of the survey, you should refine how to disassemble them.

2.20. The foundation to be demolished should be opened in the place of education of the initial slaughter. Foundations from butt clips should be disassembled using shock fixtures and excavator. Boot concrete and concrete foundations should be hacked up with shock fixtures or by shaking explosions with subsequent withdrawal of scrap. Reinforced concrete foundations should be disassembled, starting from exposure and cutting fittings and subsequent membership of them to blocks.

2.21. Work on the disassembly of roads, sidewalks, platforms and underground communications should begin with the removal of plant soil in the disassembly areas adjacent to them and cleaning it into specially reserved places.

2.22. Asphalt coatings of roads, sidewalks and platforms should be disassembled by cutting or hacking asphalt concrete and exporting it for subsequent processing.

2.23. Cement concrete coatings and bases for coating (monolithic) should be broken by concrete machines with subsequent injection and removal of concrete scrap.

2.24. Crushed stone and gravel coatings and bases for coating should be disassembled, avoiding contamination of these materials by the underlying soil. The removal of rubbed and gravel coatings and base bases should begin with loosening coating or base, storage in piles of rubble or gravel, removing curb stones with subsequent removal of guidelines for reuse.

2.25. Sand base thick 5 See should be disassembled, having in mind the possibility of subsequent use of sand.

2.26. Underground communications should be tear off areas without exposing the risk of flooding with surface or groundwater. Opening should be made of excavators. Places of cutting or disassembly of communications must be cleaned additionally.

2.27. The pipeline networks of the chambed gasket should be disassembled using them into separate components or by separating the bell joints. Cables of the chamberless gasket must be opened with excavators, free from the protective coating, examined and with the possibility of reuse to be elevated with the sealing ends, clean and sweeping on the drums.

2.28. Pipelines laid in non-voluntary channels should be disassembled in such a sequence: to open the channel, remove the plates (shells), covering the pipelines on top, remove the insulation of pipelines in the places of dismemberment, cut pipelines and remove them from the channel, disassemble and remove the remaining combined channel elements, crack and remove from the trench of the monolithic channel elements from the trench, examine the seized elements of the pipelines and the channel in order to reuse, release the place of work from the removed elements and scrap, float the trench with layer-by-layer soil seal.

2.29. Cables laid in cable collectors should be examined, miscurrent, close the ends and remove from the channels, pushing cables on the drums. Next, work should be performed on the seizure of channel elements in the sequence set forth for pipelines laid in non-recovery channels.

2.30. Trenches and pitted from underground parts of buildings è Communications having a width of more than three meters should be filled with a layer-by-layer seal regardless of the time of subsequent construction work at this place, with the exception of tranches and boobs that fall into the kittle's zone for newly under construction buildings and structures.

2.31. Acceptance of the territories after their clearing and preparation for improvement should be carried out with the following requirements:

ground and underground buildings and facilities to be demolished must be eliminated. The elimination of underground facilities should be covered with soil and are compacted;

the temporary drainage, excluding flooding and the convergence of individual places and the entire development area as a whole, must be completed;

green plantations to be preserved on a built-in area should be reliably protected from possible damage in the construction process. Stumps, trunks of trees, bushes and roots after cleaning against them of the built-in territory should be taken out, eliminated or stored in specially reserved places;

vegetable primer must be assembled in specially designated places, it is designed and strengthened;

earth and planning work must be fully fulfilled. Mattles to the excavation should be sealed to the design coefficient of density and are planted before the design marks.

3. Trains, pedestrian walkways

And platforms

3.1. During the construction of intra-ordinary travel, sidewalks, pedestrian tracks and platforms, the requirements of the head of the SNiP "Car Roads" must be followed. The rules of this section contain features on the construction of intra-ordinary passages, sidewalks, pedestrian tracks, sites, exterior stairs, ramps, messshesteok and borders. When building pedestrian tracks width more 2 m should take into account the possibility of traveling vehicles with axial loads to 8 T (Polywed cars, cars with sliding testers, etc.). Coatings of intra-ordinary travel, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways and platforms should provide removal of surface waters, should not be sources of dirt and dust into dry weather.

3.2. In-departments, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways and platforms must be built by a wrapping profile; Used during the construction period should be equipped with a temporary open drainage. The curbon stone on these drives and platforms should be set after the completion of the planning work on the territories adjacent to them at a distance of at least 3 m.

3.3. In the districts of permafrost in order to preserve the underlying soils in the frozle state, clearing places of laying of travel, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways and sites should be made in winter and only within the boundaries of their gasket. Violation of the vegetable and moss layer is not allowed. Additional frost-protective and waterproofing base layers under these structures should be carried out in compliance with by their protection against damage by vehicles, smoking and sealing machines, as well as to protect against pollution. When a moroto-protection layer is removed, the soil is removed should be removed immediately before the mismatch of the frost-protective layer. Waterproofing layers of rolled materials should be arranged in relation to the direction of water flow of water with overlapping of insulating material 10 See the additional layer of soil, dumbfounded over the waterproofing layer, should have a thickness of at least 30 See and fumble away from yourself.

With the device of additional layers, their thickness and purity should be checked with the selection of at least one sample on the area not more than 500 M. 2 And at least five samples with a dumbbed area.

3.4. For the lower and middle layers of rubble bases and coatings for travel, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways and playgrounds should be applied to crushed stone fractions 40—70 and 70—120 mm; For the upper layers of bases and coatings — 40—70 mm, for folding — 5—10 mm; For gravel bases and coatings, an optimal gravel mixture of fractions should be applied. 40—120 mm, for folding — 5—10 mm.

3.5. Crushed stone and gravel in the layer should be seal three times. In the first rainfall, the cripping of the placer should be achieved and a stable position of rubble or gravel was ensured. To the second pitching should be reached the rigidity of the base or coating due to the mutual setting of fractions. The formation of a dense bark in the upper part of the layer should be achieved in the third Raytach, by splitting the surface with small fractions. Signs of the end of the seal in the second and third periods are the absence of mobility of rubble or gravel, stopping the formation of the wave before the rink, the absence of a trace of roller, as well as the crushing of individual crushes or gravel grains with roller rollers, but not induction to the top layer.

3.6. When laying slag bases and coatings, the largest thickness of the slag sealing layer (in dense state) should not exceed 15 see slags should be watered before the distribution of the earth canter at the rate of 30 l waters on 1 m 3 of an infertable slag. Slag seal should be performed first with light rollers without watering, and then severe, with watering small doses at the rate of 60 L / m 3 of an unplicated slag. After Radin, the slag base (coating) should be water during 10—12 days from the calculation 2,5 L / m 3 of an unplicated slag.

3.7. The material of the lower layers of rubberial, gravel and sand bases under the coating, as well as rubbed and gravel coatings stacked on the converted, pre-compact and converted surface of the earthen canvase or trough, should be distributed only from themselves. Width grooves should be cut in front of the material distribution on the converted surface 20—25 cm and a depth of no less thickness of the converged layer. Grooves should be positioned at no more 3 m one of the other and cut into a slope or at an angle 30-60 ° To the direction of the slope. The soil from the grooves must be removed beyond the coating. Water removal in the grooves should be performed 3 m from the boundaries of the coating. The slope of the grooves must or repeat the slope of the surface, or be at least 2%. The distribution of rubble, gravel and sand should be made only from the highest marks to the lower. The thickness of the separated layer of rubble, gravel and sand should be such in which it does not happen the extrusion of the moistened soil through the pores of the distributed material. When distributing rubble, gravel and sand, it is necessary to ensure that the drainage grooves fall asleep first. Movement of machines and people along the overwhelmed soil of the fallen surface is not allowed.

3.8. In winter, it is allowed to arrange gravel, crushed stone and slag bases and coatings. The bases and coatings of the rubble of high-strength rocks should be solved with limestone crushes. Before the base distribution, the surface of the earth cannol must be cleaned of snow and ice. The base material or coating must be compacted and is disclosed without watering before the end of the death. The thickness of the sealing layer of the material is no more 15 cm (in a tight condition). The bases and coatings of active domain slags should be arranged from slag fractions less 70 Mm for both the lower and the top layer. Before laying upper layers along the bottom layer follows 15—20 Days to open the movement of the structured transport. During thaws and in front of the spring snow, the layer must be cleaned from snow and ice. The correction of deformations should be carried out only after stabilization and dying of the ground of the earth canvas and all layers of base and coating, as well as checking the degree of their seal. A device for concrete bases and coatings with additives of chloride salts is also allowed.

3.9. When the device of rubbed, gravel and slag bases and coatings should be checked: the quality of materials; planning of the surface of the earth canvas; The thickness of the base layer or coating at the rate of one promoter on 2000 m 2, but not less than five industries on any square; The degree of seal.

3.10. Coating garden tracks and platforms should be performed of the four layers. When the device of garden tracks and platforms, the following layers of layers should be taken: lower (from rubble, gravel, slag) thickness less 60 mm, upper inclusive thickness 20 mm, upper (from extending stone materials and slag) thickness not less 10 mm and coating (out of pure sand) with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Each of the layers after a uniform distribution must be sealed with watering water.

3.11. Asphalt concrete coatings are allowed only to dry weather. The bases for asphalt concrete coatings must be purified from dirt and dry. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from hot and cold mixtures should not be lower + 5 ° With spring and summer and not lower than + 10 ° in autumn. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from heat mixtures should not be lower than -10 ° C.

3.12* Base or layer of previously laid asphalt concrete 3—5 h before laying asphalt concrete mixture should be treated with a discharged or liquid bitumen or bitumen emulsion at the rate 0,5 L / m 2. Pre-processing by bitumen or bitumen the emulsion is not required in the case of styling asphalt concrete based on the formation constructed with the treatment with organic knitting materials, or on the freshly fastened lower asphalt concrete layer.

State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction Affairs (Gosstroy USSR)

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Rules of production and acceptance of work

Improvement of territories

Approved by the Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of September 25, 1975 No. 158

Moscow, Stroyzdat. 1979.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter should be observed in the production and acceptance of work on the improvement of the territory, including the preparation of them to build, working with vegetable soil, the device of intra-ordinary travel, sidewalks, pedestrian walkways, sites, fences, open planar sports facilities, recreation facilities and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sections of the placement of objects of housing and civil, cultural and industrial and industrial purposes.

1.2. Work on the improvement of territories should be carried out in accordance with working drawings under the compliance with the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this chapter and work projects.

1.3. Work on the preparation of the territory should be started with marking places of collection and obmissions of vegetable soil, as well as plants transplanting places to be used to landscap in the territory.

1.4. The device of various types of coatings of internal travel, sidewalks and platforms is allowed on any stable underlying soils, the carrying ability of which is changed under the influence of natural factors by no more than 20%.

1.5. As underlying soils, it is allowed to use drainage and unfinished sandy, samp and clay soils of all varieties, as well as slags, ash and slags and inorganic construction trash. The possibility of using soils as underlying should be specified in the project and confirmed by the construction laboratory.

1.6. Vegetable soil to be removed from the built-in area should be cut off, move into specially selected places and stored. When working with vegetable soil, it is necessary to protect it from mixing with the underlying unimpressive soil, from contamination, erosion and weathering.

The vegetable soil used for landscaping the territories, depending on climatic subarea, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the Earth to depth:

7-20 cm - with podzolic prizes in climatic subheeons with the average monthly temperatures of January minus 28 ° C and below, July - ± 0 ° C and above, harsh long winter with a height of snow cover up to 1.2 m and permanently soils. The perplexed primer should be harvested in summer as it is thawing and moved to dumps to roads for subsequent removal;

up to 25 cm - with borous and serous soils in climatic subarea with the average monthly temperatures of January minus 15 ° C and higher and July + 25 ° C and higher, with hot sunny summer, short winter period and sediments;

7-20 cm - on podzolic soils and 60-80 cm - with chestnut and black soil soils of other climatic subneecons.

The thickness of the dismantled non-relaxed layer of vegetable soil should be at least 15 cm during podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subheeons.

1.7. The suitability of vegetable soil for landscaping must be installed by laboratory tests.

Improving vegetation soil fertility should be administered to the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers in the upper layer of vegetable soil during its piping.

1.8. After removing the vegetable soil, drainage should be provided from the entire surface of the construction site.

1.9. When working with the soil, the following division values \u200b\u200bshould be taken into account: vegetable soil, sands with a dimension module less than 2 and connected soils - 1.35; Soil mixtures, sands with a dimension module more than 2, gravel, stone and brick crushed stone, slags - 1.15.

1.10. The humidity of the soil used in the landscaping of the territories should be about 15% of its full moisture intensity. In case of insufficient humidity, the soil should be artificially moistened. The maximum humidity of the soil should not exceed the optimal: for dust sand and lungs of large sophons - by 60%; for soupy lungs and dusty - by 35%; For the sophons of heavy dust, lungs and lungs of dusty - by 30%; For the loams of heavy and heavy dust - by 20%.

1.11. Materials used in the work of work on the improvement of territories are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical conditions.

Unfertured types of bases and coatings, as well as bases and coatings for sports facilities, should be carried out from the following basic materials: rubble, gravel, brick rubble and slag with a fraction of 5-120 mm, stone, brick and slag crumbs with a fraction size of 2-5 mm , Evidence of construction waste without organic inclusions, as well as from sands with a filtration coefficient of at least 2.5 m / day.

Improved types of bases and coatings should be carried out from the following basic materials: the monolithic road concrete brand is not lower than 300, the precast concrete road panels of the brand are not lower than 300, as well as from asphalt mixtures: hot (with laying temperature not lower than + 110 ° C), warm ( With the laying temperature is not lower than + 80 ° C) and cold (with the laying temperature not lower than + 10 ° C).

1.12. Preparation of territories for development should be performed in the following technological sequence:

in the territories free from buildings and green spaces - removal of plant soil in directions of temporary surface drainage, as well as in places of maternity work and removal or dilution of this soil; the device of temporary surface drainage with the construction of small artificial structures at the intersections with transport paths;

in the territories engaged in green plantings - the allocation of arrays of green plantings, which must be saved; digging and exporting trees and shrubs for landscaping other territories; roll and cutting trunks, cleaning of stumps and shrubs; cleaning the vegetable layer from the roots; Further in the above sequence;

in the territories engaged in buildings and communications - the laying of engineering communications that ensure the normal operation of objects and structures in this area, turning off electricity, communications, gas, water, heat supply and sewage in the work areas; Removal, removal or rolling of vegetable soil in places of demolition of buildings, roads, sidewalks, sites, openings and removal of underground communications, fading trenches and pits; demolition of the ground part of buildings and structures; demolition of underground part of buildings and structures; Flipping trenche and pita; Further in the above sequence;

after the end of construction and installation works - a device of travel, sidewalks, tracks and pads with advanced coatings and fences, laying of vegetable soil, a device of passing, sidewalks, tracks and sites with unprinted coatings, planting green plantings, planting lawns and landing flowers in flower beds, Care for green plantings.

1.13. Preparation of the construction areas for the construction site, as well as the improvement of the construction site after the completion of construction and installation work must be carried out within the following tolerances:

the biases of temporary drainage must be at least 3;

the thickness of rubbed, gravel and sand pillows under the foundations of improvement structures should be at least 10 cm;

the thickness of the sand bases under the prefabricated elements of coatings should be at least 3 cm;

the height of the adjacent prefabricated elements of the improvement should be no more than 5 mm;

the thickness of the seams of prefabricated coating elements should be no more than 25 mm.

The coefficient of sealing of the hydrations must be at least 0.98 under coatings and at least 0.95 in other places.

1.14. The slight sealing mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 15 tons and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up to 8 tons. To heavy sealing mechanisms, it is necessary to include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 35 tons and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up to 18 tons.

1.15. Specialized organizations should be involved in the production of explosive work.

1.16. Lawns (seeded or acted) and flower beds should be water water with sprinkling after sewage, styling of turf or planting colors. Watering should be made at least two times a week for a month.

1.17. With the improvement of the territories of deviation from design dimensions should not exceed:

high-rise marks when working with vegetable grounds ± 5 cm, when the base of the base under coating and coatings of all types of ± 5 cm;

the thickness of layers of frost-proof, insulating, draining, as well as bases and coatings of all kinds of ± 10%, but not more than 20 mm; vegetable soil ± 20%;

it is allowed to lumen under the three-meter rail on bases and coatings: from soils, rubberized, gravel and slag -15 mm; from asphalt concrete, bitumenineral mixtures and cement concrete - 5 mm; lawn - not allowed;

the width of the base layer or coating of all kinds, in addition to cement concrete, -10 cm, from cement concrete - 5 cm.

2. Clearing the territories and prepare them to build

2.1. Clearing the territories and preparations for the development should begin with the preliminary markup of the places of collection and obmissions of vegetable soil and its removal, with protection against damage or transplantation used in further plants, as well as from the device temporarily removal of water from the surface of the construction site.

2.2. Construction of constant drainage, coinciding with the structures of temporary drainage, should be erected in the process of preparing the territory for construction. These facilities include: cuvettes, ditches, water pipes under roads and travel, bypass trays and devices to reduce the flow rate of water.

Artificial structures at the intersections of temporary surface drainage with temporary roads and drives should pass surface and flooded water from the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment for this artificial structure and have unnewable row attachments at approaches to structures and for them. With the device of artificial structures, a building rise of at least 5 cm on the axis of the road or travel should be set. The surface of the trough under the base should have a bias in the direction of water flow and be sealed to the density at which the sealing trace compensation does not appear. Gravel or crushed stone base should be seal to the stable position. The depth of the installation of spurs from the top of the base for the construction should be at least 50 cm.

2.3. The deployment of precast concrete elements of artificial structures should be performed on a cement solution of the brand not lower than 200, prepared on portland cement of the brand not lower than 400 (composition of the solution 1: 3, mobility 6-8 cm of diving of the standard cone). The junctions of the links of reinforced concrete pipes should be isolated by sizing them with two layers of rubberoid on hot bitumen mastic. Insulation should be applied according to a predetermined seam surface. Skin joints should be caught by a smallest strand with a subsequent bess chacking with cement mortar.

2.4. Prefabricated plates of trays should be laid on a sandy base. Plates must be based on the entire support surface, which is achieved by the compression of stoves with mobile loads. When assembling the plates, plates should be stacked closely.

2.5. Green plants that are not subject to cutting or transplant should be protected by a common fence. The trunks of detached trees falling into the work area of \u200b\u200bthe work should be protected from damage, lining them with waste lumber. Separate bushes should be transplant.

When swelling or cutting of the soil in the zones of the remained green plantings, the size of the wells and glasses in the trees should be at least 0.5 diameters of the crown and not more than 30 cm in height from the existing surface of the earth in the tree trunk.

Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping should be dug or transferred to a specially designated security zone.

2.6. Clearing the territory from trees can be performed with a cutting of trees in place and the subsequent export of logs or with a cutting of fallen trees aside.

2.7. Korchevka Stumps should be produced by dishes. Separate stumps that are not amenable to Korchevka should split the explosions. The cleaning of the emerged stumps with a slide to 1.5 km should be produced by groups of bulldozers (at least 4 cars in the group).

Rules of the device Otzostki Adjusted by a number of regulatory documents, in each of which many requirements are spelled out. Therefore, to look for a SNIP to break as the only norms make no sense: if you want to do everything with compliance with the requirements, you will have to observe them all. At one time, I collected a rather large number of excerpts from the requirements for the device of the device to apply to the court to the Customer's service, for its representatives rudely broke the rules for compiling the estimated documentation, reflecting both incorrect and non-existent values \u200b\u200bin it. We will analyze everything consistently.

General requirements for reasons (on SNiP 2.02.01 83)

By SNiP 2.02.01 83.which is often determined as a SNIP to the breakfast, only the general moments of the buildings of buildings and structures are regulated, including calculations for deformation, the impact of groundwater and other similar things. Appropriate, SNIP 2.02.01 83 can be guided for general calculations and fulfillment of basic requirements for soils, etc. However, specific values \u200b\u200bdo not determine this document, in connection with what to recommend it as the only one is not possible.

General requirements for the improvement of territories (SNIP III-10-75)

"The scene on the perimeter of buildings should be tightly adjacent to the central base. The slope of the scene must be at least 1% and not more than 10%.

In places inaccessible to work mechanisms, the base under the unit is allowed to be sealing manually until the fingerprint disappears from the shocks and stop the movement of the sealing material.

The outer edge of the scene within the rectilinear sites should not have curvatures horizontally and vertically more than 10 mm. Concrete Options in Frost resistance must meet the requirements for Road concrete "

Assocative item above, the requirements for concrete for must satisfy "GOST 9128-97 *. Mixes asphalt concrete road, airfield and asphalt concrete. Technical conditions "and" GOST 7473-94. Mixtures concrete. Technical conditions. "

Requirements of technical supervision services (SNIP instructions)

We study another regulatory document, which is called the "scheme of operational quality control of construction, repair and construction and installation work." Documents of this type are used by technical supervision services as instructions to perform surveys of objects and quality control:

1. Technical requirements: According to SNiP 3.04.01-87 Table. 20, SNIP III-10-75 p. 3.26

2. Allowed deviations: slope coverage from given - 0.2% of the width of the scene; The surfaces of the asphalt or concrete coating from the plane when checking the two-meter rail - 5 mm; surfaces of rubbed preparation from the plane when checking the two-meter rail - 15 mm; The thickness of the coating of the scene from the project - -5% - + 10%. The scene on the perimeter of the building should be tightly adjacent to the basement. The slope of the building from the building should be at least 1% and not more than 10%.

The width of the scene must be: with clay soils - at least 100 cm; With sandy soils - at least 70 cm.

3. Not allowed In a concrete monolithic break, the presence of cracks, shells and depressions.

For the preparation of the foundation (evenness, the quality of the seal), an act of examining hidden work should be issued under the breakdown. Here I will insert a note: If the technical supervision is refused to sign acts, suspend the work, and require an official or signing or a written reasonable refusal. Before the customer, all hold on Tekadzor - they are obliged to sign your acts or refuse to substantiate. Words do not believe, because if you (or you) give to arbitration, then permission to pour concrete without acts, only in words, will not appeal. Failure to sign acts (oral) write to the voice recorder. Require your and send everyone - if you are substituted, you will pay exactly you, and not the customer, and even more so, not tehnadzor. Let's tear it well. We will continue.

4. Requirements for the quality of the materials used: GOST 9128-97 *. Mixes asphalt concrete road, airfield and asphalt concrete. Technical conditions; GOST 7473-94. Mixtures concrete. Technical conditions.

Concrete mixes should be characterized by the following indicators: classforce; convenientness; the view and number of source materials (binders, aggregates, additives); The size of the aggregates.

In coordination with the design organization that carries out the supervision, the sample of the concrete mix on the place of laying them in the monolithic design is allowed. Conceptuality of the concrete mixture is determined for each batch no later than 20 minutes after the delivery of the mixture to the placement site.

Concrete mixes on the place of laying are accepted by volume. Finished concrete mixes should be delivered to the consumer with concrete mixers, concrete rooms. In coordination of the manufacturer with the consumer, it is allowed to deliver concrete mixtures by automobile and on cars in bunkers (Badjah).

Asphalt concrete mixes are characterized by the following indicators: the character of the mixture, depending on its temperature; asphalt concrete density; The greatest size of the mixture aggregate. The temperature of the hot mixtures during the release from the mixer must be no less than 140 ° C.

The quality control of asphalt concrete mixtures is produced on asphalt concrete factories in their manufacture, as well as when laying in the case. To control the quality of the mixture, select and experience in one sample from each batch. Each batch of the mixture upon delivery to the consumer must be accompanied by a document on quality. Let's insert another note: Documents should not be on the entire batch of concrete or asphalt, but for each mixer (dump truck). Require certificates for each flight - They are obliged to provide them. Sub-quality material Send back, for you can give a certificate for a batch of 100 cubes, and only 25 cubic cubes will be more or less complied with this certificate. We will continue.

Instructions for the production of work: According to SNiP III-10-75 p. 3.26

The base of the cabin from the asphalt concrete must be sealed with rubble or gravel with a size of 40-60 mm with an inximication of it into the ground with a roller or rubbing. A scenestone from monolithic concrete should be arranged on a sandy base compacted to a density coefficient not lower than 0.98.

Asphalt concrete scenes should be arranged from a hot mixture of factory preparation with a temperature of at least 120 ° C when it is laying. Concrete used for the scene, the frost resistance must match the road concrete and the brand should be at least M200.

Asphalt mixtures are allowed to lay only in dry weather. The bases under the coating must be cleaned of dirt. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from hot mixtures should not be lower than + 5 ° C in spring and summer, and in the fall not lower than + 10 ° C. Special concrete or asphalt trays with a slope of at least 15% should be made to remove moisture from the drain pipes.

In general, this is such a quote. Pay attention to the lines: "Samples of the concrete mix on the place of laying them in the monolithic design is allowed do not select, but evaluate the strength of concrete according to the control of the manufacturer of the concrete mix" In practice, it usually means that you will have to cast several cubes from concrete and send them to the factory laboratory (without giving up tehnadzor). With each concrete plant, there is a laboratory in which the samples will test and give certificates that will need to show technical superrigase or customer (if you work directly with it). Cubes when casting need to be good, otherwise they can fall apart. I did forms for casting like this: I went to the garbage near the supermarket, rummaged in it, found pieces of five boxes for fruits and a piece of plywood. Of all this, I built self-made forms with cells, these are:

These things need to put on a solid surface (GCL, for example), pour concrete into them and a good tamper it. Then the forms must be broken and removed from them samples (in the photo below the portion of the samples turned out not very good quality). From each mixer it is necessary to prepare 3-4 cubes with a side of 15 cm., Finished products are better to complete the transportation in a rag. Strictly donate samples need not earlier than they raise primary strength (at least 7 days). In practice, the laboratory sometimes take them through a day, two, as soon as they are ready. If you work directly with the customer, do not forget to include in the estimate of the laboratory tests of concrete and the manufacture of samples for them. In Gos Names, you will have to do samples even if this is not reflected in the estimate.

This concerns "instructions." As you can see, SNIP 2.02.01 83 in the breakfast is not mentioned in general, which confirms the data above comments about the fact that this item can be considered only with general, indicative, and apply some information for calculations.

From TSN of the city of Moscow

"4.11.4 To ensure the surface water purification from buildings and structures, it is necessary to provide a device of a breakfast with reliable waterproofing in accordance with SNiP III-10. The slope of the scene should be taken at least 10 from the building. The width of the scene for buildings and structures is recommended to take 0.8-1.2 m, in complex geological conditions (soils with aster) - 1.5-3 m. In the case of an adjuncing building to pedestrian communications, the role of the sidewalk performs the sidewalk with a solid view of the coating "

This is how the requirements for the settlements of buildings "norms and rules for designing a comprehensive improvement in the city of Moscow MGSN 1.02-02 TSN 30-307-2002" are regulated. What is surprising, I carefully tried to discover a similar document and in St. Petersburg, but I could not find it. However, appealing to the fact that in this case the requirements set forth in the document are not caused by special climatic and other conditions, as well as conditions for construction and / or features of the operation of buildings and structures in a specific region, you can apply these figures and recommendations for the territory Petersburg.

Requirements for projects under construction on 384-FZ buildings

Article 25. Requirements for ensuring moisture protection

1. In the project documentation, building and structures should provide for design solutions, providing:

1) drainage from the outer surfaces of the enclosing building structures, including roof, and from underground building structures of the building and facilities;

2) waterproof of the roof, exterior walls, floors, as well as the walls of underground floors and floors on the soil;

3) preventing condensate formation on the inner surface of the enclosing building structures, with the exception of translucent parts of windows and stained glass windows.

2. In the event that this is established in the design task, the project documentation should also provide for measures to prevent the flooding of premises and building structures during accidents on water supply systems.

As we see, unlike TSN and SNiP, 384-ФЗ only in general terms set out the requirements for waterproofing, being not a regulatory document, but by the governing. Appropriate, paragraph 2 of Article 25 indicates the provision of waterproof "walls of underground floors and floors on the ground," which includes both the waterproofing of the foundations and the device of the scene, these foundations of protecting.

Clearness requirements

As I suppose, the thickness of the layers (pillows) of sand, rubble and other things should be in the theory calculated on the materials of SNiP, part II, section in the "floors. Design standards. II-V.8-71. " Usually, nevertheless, the thickness of the sand layer takes at least 10 and to 15 cm., Rubble - at least 6 and to 9., and concrete - from 7 to 12 cm. (All in the solid, i.e., the rammed layer ). The standard average thickness of the breakfast from reinforced concrete for residential and public buildings (in practice) is 10 cm, and from asphalt concrete - 5 cm. Direct instructions on the minimum thickness of the scene I have not found anywhere.

However, according to PP. 3.1 and 3.128. "Guidelines for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy concrete without prior voltage", the thickness of the monolithic plates should be assigned and taken not less than 40 mm. This is not a regulatory document, but recommending. If you consider the breakfast by a monolithic design (like a beam plate), then, therefore, these recommendations are suitable for it too.

On this, the main requirements for the construction of reinforced concrete and other messages end. As you can see, they include not only SNiP, but also TSN norms, as well as all other notes, calculations and recommendations set out in the leading and recommending documents. Appropriate, B, if this is a state order, can also be set out any additional requirements. Naturally, in this case, the additional wishes of the customer should not contradict the established standards and rules, so it is necessary to be attentive before taking anyone in a row. It must be said that concrete work on state procurement is distinguished by a small value and draconian soldiers, as concrete as a typical material has the abyss of all tolerances, certificates and other bureaucracy.

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SNIP III-10-75
________________
Registered by Rosstandard as SP 82.13330.2011. -
Note database manufacturer.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Rules of production and acceptance of work

Improvement of territories

Date of introduction 1976 -07-01

The head of the SPIP III-10-75 "Improvement of the Territories" was developed by the Giprombommunster of the RSFSR Minzhilomhoz, with the participation of the CNIIEP of spectacular buildings and sports facilities. Gosportstroy, Institute "SoymagismismSportPrect" of the USSR Sports Committee and the Rostov Research Institute of the Academy of Communal Services. K.D. Pamfilova.

Editors: Engineers A.I. Dawdovov (Gosstroy USSR), L.N. Gavrikov (hypocommumunstroy Mnigilcommunhoz RSFSR).

Made by the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR.

Approved by the Resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of September 25195 No. 158.

Instead of the head of SNIP III-K.2-67 and CH 37-58.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter must be observed in the production and acceptance of work on the improvement of territories, including the preparation of them to build, working with vegetable ground, the device of intra-ordinary travel, sidewalks, pedestrian tracks, sites, fences, open planar sports facilities, equipment of recreation places and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sections of the placement of objects of housing and civil, cultural and industrial and industrial purposes.

1.3. Work on the preparation of territories should be started with marking places of collection and obmissions of vegetable soil, as well as plants transplanting places to be used to landscap in the territory.

The vegetable soil used for landscaping the territories, depending on climatic subarea, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the Earth to depth:

7-20 cm - with podzolic soils in climatic subarea with the average monthly temperatures of January minus 28 ° C and below, July - ± 0 ° C and above, harsh long winter with a height of snow cover up to 1.2 m and permanently soils. The perplexed primer should be harvested in summer as it is thawing and moved to dumps to roads for subsequent removal;

7-20 cm - on podzolic soils and 60-80 cm - with chestnut and black soil soils of other climatic subneecons.

The thickness of the dismantled non-relaxed layer of vegetable soil should be at least 15 cm during podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subheeons.

1.7. The suitability of vegetable soil for landscaping must be installed by laboratory tests.

Improving the mechanical composition of vegetable soil should be carried out by the introduction of additives (sand, peat, lime, etc.) with the spreadsheet of vegetable soil by two-three-three stirring of soil and additives.

Improving vegetation soil fertility should be administered to the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers in the upper layer of vegetable soil during its piping.

1.8. After removing the vegetable soil, drainage should be provided from the entire surface of the construction site.

1.11. Materials used in the work of work on the improvement of territories are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical conditions.

1.12. Preparation of territories for development should be performed in the following technological sequence:

the biases of temporary drainage must be at least 3%;